Effect of Phase Change Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of the Multi-layered Fabrics Examined by TPP Tester under Flash Fire

Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.

Implementation of Autofocus in Alignment System for Layered Imprint Fabrication

Autofocus method based on the analysis of image content information is investigated to reduce the alignment error resulting from mark positioning uncertainty due to defocus in microstructure layered fabrication process based on multilevel imprint lithography. The applicability of several autofocus functions to the alignment mark images is evaluated concerning their uniformity, sharpness near peak, reliability and measure computation efficiency and the most suitable one based on power spectrum in frequency domain (PSFD) is adopted. To solve the problem of too much computation amount needed in PSFD algorithm, the strategy of interested region detection and effective image reconstruction is proposed and the algorithm efficiency is improved. The test results show that the computation time is reduced from 0.316 s to 0.023 s under the same conditions while the other merits of the function are preserved, which indicates that the modified algorithm can meet the mark image autofocusing requirements in response time, accuracy and robustness. The alignment error due to defocus which is about 0.5 μm indicated by experimental results can be reduced or eliminated by the autofocusing implementation.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

Fabrication of IBAD-MgO and PLD-CeO2 Layers for YBCO Coated Conductors

MgO thin films with different textures are fabricated by the ion beam assisted （IBAD） method on the Y2O3/Al2O3 buffered C276 tape. Then a CaO2 layer is directly grown on the IBAD-MgO film by the pulsed laser deposition （PLD） method. Effects of lBAD-MgO texture, substrata temperature and thickness on the grain alignment of the CeO2 layer are investigated. Film characterization is performed by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the orientation and texture degree of the CaO2 layer are very sensitive to the IBAD-MgO texture. By optimizing the IBAD-MgO texture, CeO2 has pure （002） orientation and excellent biaxial texture deposited in a broad substrata temperature range. In addition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a thickness effect. Under the optimized experimental condition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a high in-plane texture of △φ = 2.9° and a smooth surface with an rms surface roughness of less than 2nm. The critical current density Jc of a 0.4μm-thick YBCO film deposited on the CeO2 layer is 6.25 × 106 A/cm2 at 77K and a self-field.

Novelties Filtration Theory of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Volume Nanotube of Cotton Filament of Layers Woven Fabrics

Objectives of the research to present a modern theory of water purification for multiple purposes entitled “a novelties filtration theory of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry” is an exceedingly sensitive and specific analytical technique in volume layers woven fabrics that can precisely determine the identities and quantities of compounds within volume Nanotube of cotton filament of layers woven fabrics. The problems are that the filters in the local and international markets have increased complications in configuration, installation and cost without reaching the efficiency that humanity hopes. Throw materials and methods the chromatography-mass spectrometry in layers woven fabrics, and throw the nanotube of cotton filament for purification of water dyes and smells. Industry, in which mass spectrometry is a convenient, versatile method for characterization and identification of process throw the Nanotube of cotton filament for purification of water dyes and smells. Results came up with a theme “innovations in textiles”, and also, for characterization of fibers and contaminants of the fabrics. Additive manufacturing in layers woven fabrics, are the processes used to synthesize a volume object under computer control with successive material layers that have been used and highlighted. The conclusions has included chromatography-mass spectrometry drop, physico-chemical, biological, combined physical-biological and chemical-biological treatment processes recently being developed to meet Jet-filtration, the strict discharging limits set by ASTM standards. Some important aspects of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis have been described and the power of using mass profiles to enhance selectivity and sensitivity has been demonstrated.

In Situ Fabrication of ZnS Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Layered Organic-inorganic Solid Template

Ordered ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles were in situ synthesized in metal halide perovskite organic/inorganic layered hybrids (CnH2n+1NH3)2ZnCl4 (n=10 and 12) by reaction of their spin-casting films with H2S gas. Transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the morphology and the structure of formed nanoparticles. Obtained results indicate an effective way to incorporate functional inorganic nanoparticles into structured organic matrices.

水分对消防灭火防护服织物系统辐射热防护性能的影响

现阶段消防灭火服热防护性能评估中,对水分影响的考虑不足。为研究水分在不同织物层中对其热防护性能的影响差异,在低热辐射暴露下,分别在外层、舒适层、外层与舒适层设置不同含水量水平,分别针对直接热暴露、包含热暴露与蓄热释放全程两种情形进行试验测评。研究发现,无论是直接热暴露还是综合考虑蓄热释放的作用,增加外层织物水分含量有利于提升多层织物整体热防护能力,且随着水分含量的增大而上升;舒适层织物润湿则会削弱多层织物整体热防护能力,提高舒适层的吸湿排汗能力,保持其干燥是保持灭火防护服热防护性能的手段之一。外层与舒适层同时润湿时,二者之间呈现交互影响,未来可进一步深入研究。

光致变色纱线在多层织物设计中的应用

为了丰富织物的多样性,利用光致变色纱线,结合表里换层双层组织,设计与开发了“P”字图案表里换层光致变色面料;并进一步设计与开发了上、中层表里换层结构的“E”字图案三层组织光致变色面料,实现了织物在光线照射下单面变色,而反面不显变色的特殊效果。将光致变色纱线与表里换层结构的双层或多层织物相结合,可以形成新型光致变色功能面料,为此类产品的开发与设计提供了一种新思路。

An Investigation on Water Transmission Through Two-layer Knitted Fabrics

The aim of this paper is to investigate water transmissionproperties of two-layer weft knitted fabrics and somerelated factors.The author prepared some experimentalfabrics with specific yarns and stitch densities,and mea-sured water vapor permeating rate through the fabricsand liquid water transferability from inner to outerlayer.Results show that the permeating rate is closelyrelated to porosity within fabric while the transferabilitydepends mainly upon the water absorbabilities of fiberson two layers and the degree or their difference.

全纤维电容式传感器的结构设计及其性能

由于受柔性电容式传感器介电层弹性模量的限制,目前电容器的性能如灵敏度等难以达到应用要求,为提高传感器的传感性能,以聚吡咯复合蚕丝织物作为织物电极,羊毛纤维集合体作为介电层构建全纤维的电容式压力传感器,对电极的织物结构和纤维集合体高度进行优化分析;对传感器的电学及传感性能进行测试,并进行了应用探索。结果表明:面密度为69 g/m^(2)素绉缎聚吡咯复合织物方阻最小,为42Ω/□;纤维电容器以素绉缎聚吡咯复合织物作为电极,羊毛纤维集合体为介电层,且高度为1.4 cm时传感性能最优,在频率为10 kHz、电容最高为66 pF、压力为0~5 N范围内灵敏度最高为1.08 N^(-1)。该电容式传感器具有良好的稳定性,有望应用于肢体运动监测与公共场合安全监测中。

Liquid-phase epitaxial layer by layer brushing fabrication of metalorganic frameworks films

Development of metal-organic framework(MOF)films is of great importance to expand their applications.Herein,we report a facile and universal method of liquid-phase epitaxial(LPE)layer by layer(LBL)brushing approach for fabricating MOF films on various substrates in a high-throughput fashion.This MOF films preparation method offers a great prospective to cost-effectively construct films with short preparation time and little reagent consumption.Moreover,this LBL brushing approach has been implemented successfully to assemble various MOF films,including HKUST-1,zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8),Cu(bdc),and Cu_(2)(L)_(2)P(L=bdc,ndc,and cam;P=dabco and bipy).Afterwards,the classic MOF HKUST-1 and ZIF-8 films were grown on sensor chip electrode and porous fiber support for good volatile organic compounds(VOCs)selective sensing and water purification applications.This study demonstrates that this LBL brushing preparation method can be employed to synthesize various MOF films with a variety of characteristics to realize their sensing and separation applications.

多层蜂窝孔状填充机织物结构设计及其抗冲击性

提出了一种新的多层蜂窝孔状填充机织物的结构设计方法,并研究了填充的织物支撑载体在多层蜂窝孔状机织物上的相关抗冲击性能。从织造工艺角度分析了参与织造的织物支撑载体内填充的纱线纤度、支撑载体表层结构和多层织物表层结构这3个因素对织物的抗冲击性能的影响,并根据正交试验方案对每个因素确定了3个水平设计并织造出9种不同的织物。讨论了上述因素对织物的传递力峰值的影响。结果表明,支撑载体表层结构对织物的传递力峰值有显著影响。上述因素组合的最佳织造参数为绳状芯材纤度(22.22 tex)>多层织物表层结构(经纬交织比2/2)>绳状芯材表层结构(经纬交织比3/1)。

双层纳米孔的制造与应用

由于具有孔径可调节、物理化学性质稳定、极端环境适应性强、集成度高等优点,固态纳米孔逐渐成为最具潜力的单分子测序工具。在固态纳米孔发展过程中,提高其单分子检测精度一直是研究人员关注的重点。近年来,双层纳米孔受到了广泛关注。与传统的单层纳米孔相比,双层纳米孔具有的孔-腔-孔结构提供了2个分子识别位点和纳米受限空间。双孔提供的2个分子识别位点可以在单次过孔事件中获得2次目标信号,所获得的双重检测信号不仅丰富了检测信息,也为信号分析提供了最为直接的对比信息源。此外,双层孔中的空腔还可作为单分子化学反应器。因此,双层纳米孔的出现拓宽了纳米孔传感器的应用范围,在单分子检测方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了纳米孔的发展历程,并重点介绍了双层纳米孔的制造方法及其在单分子检测领域的应用。

四道沟Ⅷ矿体铁矿石磁化焙烧-磁选试验研究

目前四道沟选矿厂选矿工艺为干选-磨矿-湿式磁选,因矿石中赤铁矿、菱铁矿、褐铁矿等弱磁性矿含量较高,精矿回收率仅为34.87%,金属流失较为严重。为提高精矿回收率,增加经济效益,对四道沟Ⅷ矿体原矿进行磁化焙烧-磁选试验研究,原矿经焙烧后,精矿回收率可达64.07%,较原矿直接磨选回收率提高29.2个百分点,该工艺产业化后有望大幅提高选矿厂经济效益。

低含毛泡泡四面弹多组分织物的设计和开发

为了开发新型毛型面料,设计了一种含涤纶、羊毛、棉、粘胶、氨纶5种成分的低含毛泡泡四面弹织物。织物组织结构为双层,表层经纱为14 tex×2羊毛股线,表层纬纱为14.7 tex×2长绒棉股线,里层经、纬纱线均采用涤纶/粘胶14.7 tex×2和4.4 tex氨纶股线的混纺弹力包覆纱。通过表、里层合理设计和原料使用,面料具有表层毛型感强、里层贴身舒适等特点,面料厚实,保暖性好。整经采用低速工艺,速度为同规格棉纱的85%~90%;穿综采用分区穿综法,表层非弹力经纱穿在综框前区,里层弹力经纱穿在综框后区。上机织造使用双轴织造,早开口、低后梁、喷气大压力等工艺措施,保障了织造的顺利进行,同时采用混纬工艺,避免色档,保证了产品质量。

中温环氧/S6级高强玻璃纤维薄层织物预浸料制备及其复合材料性能研究

研制了一种新型中温环氧增韧树脂体系ACTECH■1213,研究其流变性能、固化反应特性及耐热性能。以国产S6级高强玻璃纤维薄层织物为增强材料,通过热熔两步法成功制备了薄层织物预浸料,制备出的预浸料具有良好的工艺性能,显示出该树脂体系与S6级高强玻璃纤维薄层织物有较好的匹配性。采用热压罐法成型工艺制备了复合材料层压板,复合材料层压板固化后单层厚度可达0.048mm。此外,对复合材料层压板的力学性能进行研究,复合材料表现出良好的室温力学性能和冲击后压缩性能,经向拉伸强度达705 MPa,冲击后压缩强度达275 MPa,相比现有中温环氧无碱玻璃纤维薄层织物预浸料复合材料的静强度高出60%以上,成功实现了中温环氧/S6级高强玻璃纤维薄层织物预浸料的国产化研制。

从后现代史学论顾颉刚层累说对中国史学的贡献

顾颉刚在1923年提出“古史是层累地造成的”观点后,在史学界引起两次批判,这两次批判多将顾颉刚视为是“科学主义”与“实证主义”的代表人物。然而,顾颉刚层累说与后现代史学家海登·怀特的观点在理论上有相似性,所以层累说所受到传统史学家的质疑,也常与后现代史学遭受的批判有相同之处。虽然顾颉刚有许多与后现代史学相近的看法,但他相信各个时代所建构的历史能反映那个时代的“历史意识”,由此可以建立一种“近真”的历史,从而也比后现代史学更能维护史学研究的尊严。从当代史学史的发展而言,顾颉刚的观点早于西方的后现代史学,这不但表现了中国史学见解的自主性,也更早地将中国史学带入了当代的研究趋势之中。因此,层累说可说是让中国的史学界比西方更早接受了后现代史观的冲击,也让传统的史学家借之反思而可顺接后现代史观所引发的启示。

芳纶针织面料透气透湿及隔热性能研究

通过棉、蚕丝混纺纱,竹炭纤维、丙纶混纺纱和芳纶纱的科学搭配,由龙星制版系统进行双面针织物结构数字化设计,利用艺术设计方法有效地在结构和空间中进行科学合理的分配和排列,制备了纬编间隔织物和罗纹空气层织物,探讨了芳纶协同高舒适性双面针织物的透气透湿、隔热等性能。结果表明:通过有效的数字化方法所设计的空气层组织中,芳纶与竹炭、丙纶混纺纱搭配织造的空气层织物透气性更好,纬编间隔组织中,芳纶与竹炭、丙纶混纺纱间隔织物比芳纶与蚕丝、棉混纺纱间隔织物的透气性好。蚕丝的透湿性比竹炭纤维更好,更适用于制作服装纤维材料。

基于X型间隔机织物的结构形式分析其织造原理

间隔织物由于两层织物间有垂向连接,且两面层之间形成了间隔空间,使间隔织物不仅可以克服层与层之间的剥离现象,还具有抗冲击性、质地轻等优点。与相同幅宽的三角形、梯形、矩形间隔机织物相比,X型间隔机织物的柱纱和上下面层连接的次数更多,有利于柱纱稳定,不易移位。当织物在受到荷载作用时,X型间隔机织物能承受的最大破坏力更大。从织物结构的对称性上看,X型间隔机织物的稳定性更好。基于X型间隔机织物上下两面层结构及柱纱的交织方式,分析X型间隔机织物的织造原理。

高等级化学防护服用多层膜面料的阻燃性能和热防护性能

以芳纶织物、聚酯织物和腈纶织物为骨架层,聚烯烃膜为成型层,聚卤代烯烃膜为阻隔层,试制高等级化学防护服用多层膜面料。采用电子织物强力机、极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪和热防护性能测试仪,研究织物种类及聚烯烃母粒和阻燃剂种类对多层膜面料力学性能、阻燃性能、燃烧行为和热防护性能的影响。结果表明:以芳纶织物和聚酯织物为骨架层的多层膜面料具有更好的力学性能;以B/C型聚烯烃母粒和Y型阻燃剂为原料的多层膜面料具有更高的阻燃性能;以腈纶织物为骨架层的多层膜面料具有更低的热释放和较高的残炭含量,但是由于在测试过程中会出现严重熔融现象,其热防护性能较差。综上,以芳纶织物为骨架层,C型母粒和Y型阻燃剂制备的聚烯烃膜为成型层,试制的多层膜面料综合性能最佳。