Refined mathematical model for the breaching of concrete-face sand-gravel dams due to overtopping failure

Overtopping is one of the main reasons for the breaching of concrete-face sand-gravel dams(CFSGDs).In this study,a refined mathematical model was established based on the characteristics of the overtopping breaching of CFSGDs.The model characteristics were as follows:(1)Based on the Renormailzation Group(RNG)k-εturbulence theory and volume of fluid(VOF)method,the turbulent characteristics of the dam-break flow were simulated,and the erosion surface of the water and soil was tracked;(2)In consideration of the influence of the change in the sediment content on the dam-break flow,the dam material transport equation,which could reflect the characteristics of particle settlement and entrainment motion,was used to simulate the erosion process of the sand gravels;(3)Based on the bending moment balance method,a failure equation of the concrete face slab under dead weight and water load was established.The proposed model was verified through a case study on the failure of the Gouhou CFSGD.The results showed that the proposed model could well simulate the erosion mode of the special vortex flow of the CFSGD scouring the support body of the concrete face slab inward and reflect the mutual coupling relationship between the dam-break flow,sand gravels,and concrete face slabs.Compared with the measured values,the relative errors of the peak discharge,final breach average width,dam breaching duration,and maximum failure length of the face slab calculated using the proposed model were all less than 12%,thus verifying the rationality of the model.The proposed model was demonstrated to perform better and provide more detailed results than three selected parametric models and three simplified mathematical models.The study results can aid in establishing the risk level and devising early warning strategies for CFSGDs.

某超高面板砂砾石坝面板缝局部失效渗流场有限元分析

为了掌握高水头作用下面板缝止水局部失效时坝体和坝基特别其垫层局部饱和区的渗流特性,针对拟建的某混凝土面板砂砾石坝,采用饱和-非饱和渗流理论,拟定不同失效缝长、缝宽、位置和垫层渗透系数等情况,建立三维有限元模型,计算面板缝失效情况下坝体和坝基的渗流场,分析不同作用水头条件下面板缝不同失效程度对渗流场的影响。计算结果表明,某处面板缝小范围失效只对失效部位附近的渗流场产生较大影响,并导致局部渗透变形,而对坝体渗流场全局的影响不大;随着失效缝长、缝宽的加大,失效缝位置的降低和垫层渗透系数的增大,失效部位附近局部饱和区变大,其中,失效缝位置的影响最大,失效缝长的影响次之,失效缝宽的影响最小;当超高水头作用下面板缝通长失效时,坝体内浸润面显著升高,因此设计时应严格控制面板缝可能失效的范围,避免出现面板缝大范围失效。

新疆玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特水利枢纽工程面板坝设计

肯斯瓦特水利枢纽工程具有地震烈度高、岸坡陡峻、筑坝材料特殊等特点。肯斯瓦特大坝全断面采用砂砾石填筑。介绍了该混凝土面板坝的坝体分区、坝料设计、面板设计、趾板结构设计等,为高寒和高地震烈度区修建混凝土面板砂砾石坝积累了经验。

地震作用下高面板砂砾石坝渗流-应力耦合研究

天然砂砾石料具有级配离散性差、间断性和施工易分离等特性,强震作用下大坝防渗体一旦发生破坏,将会带来不利影响。采用混凝土塑性损伤模型和堆石料广义塑性模型,对弱透水性高面板砂砾石坝进行动力有限元分析,确定面板损伤分布,进而计算坝体非稳定渗流场,建立以混凝土损伤模型和堆石料广义塑性模型为基础的非稳定渗流-应力耦合计算方法,分析在非稳定渗流作用下,大坝应力和变形的变化规律。结果表明:坝体为弱透水时,地震结束后大坝在非稳定渗流作用下,坝体小主应力显著减小,面板产生向上拉伸、向外弯曲趋势的位移增量,面板部分区域损伤值变大。评价大坝极限抗震能力时,除了考虑地震结束时面板的损伤状态,还应进一步考虑面板破坏后非稳定渗流对应力场的影响。

纳子峡水电站大坝面板接缝表面止水结构改进

纳子峡水电站大坝为混凝土面板砂砾石坝,位于青海省门源县,地处高海拔严寒地区,大坝面板接缝表面止水采用SR填料,上敷三元乙丙增强型SR防渗盖片,两侧采用膨胀螺栓固定。经过2015~2017年运行,由于面板接缝表面止水结构不适应抗冰冻要求,出现塑性填料沿两侧压板下部挤出、止水盖片撕裂、防渗保护盖片螺丝松动脱落和压条翘起等缺陷。笔者介绍了冬季水位变化区面板接缝表面止水采用缝口塑性填料与面板平齐+覆涂式(SK刮涂聚脲)盖片止水结构改进方案及施工工艺。通过对纳子峡电站冬季水位变化区大坝面板接缝表面止水结构的改进,提高了抗冰冻能力。

两岔河混凝土面板堆石坝填筑施工

两岔河水库是贵州省兴修的第１座碾压砂砾石混凝土面板堆石坝。本文对两岔河砂砾石的物理力学性能进行分析，认为砂砾石的压实性好、抗剪强度高、压缩性低，不论是颗粒级配还是工程性质均可满足坝体各分区的要求；对坝体分区、设计技术指标、施工参数以及１年来的填筑施工、斜坡碾压、砂浆固坡、质量控制等方面的具体作法，进行了全面的介绍。