Stress Transfer and the Impact of the India-Eurasia Collision and the Western Pacific Subduction on the Geodynamics of the Asian Continent

The interaction between the India-Eurasia collision and the Western Pacific subduction and their contribution to recent geodynamics of the Asian continent are discussed. We perform a comparative analysis of the data available from world literature and new data on the slow strain and earthquake migration from the India-Eurasia collision and the Western Pacific subduction zones. Based on the concepts of wave dynamics of the deformation processes, a localization scheme is constructed illustrating the migration of slow strain fronts in central and eastern Asia, and the wave geodynamic impact of collision and subduction on the Asian continent is shown.

Coupling between the Cenozoic west Pacific subduction initiation and decreases of atmospheric carbon dioxides

At the beginning of the Cenozoic,the atmospheric CO_(2)concentration increased rapidly from~2000 ppmv at 60 Ma to~4600 ppmv at 51 Ma,which is 5–10 times higher than the present value,and then continuous declined from~51 to 34 Ma.The cause of this phenomenon is still not well understood.In this study,we demonstrate that the initiation of Cenozoic west Pacific plate subduction,triggered by the hard collision in the Tibetan Plateau,occurred at approximately 51 Ma,coinciding with the tipping point.The water depths of the Pacific subduction zones are mostly below the carbonate compensation depths,while those of the Neo-Tethys were much shallower before the collision and caused far more carbonate subducting.Additionally,more volcanic ashes erupted from the west Pacific subduction zones,which consume CO_(2).The average annual west Pacific volvano eruption is 1.11 km~3,which is higher than previous estimations.The amount of annual CO_(2)absorbed by chemical weathering of additional west Pacific volcanic ashes could be comparable to the silicate weathering by the global river.We propose that the initiation of the western Pacific subduction controlled the long-term reduction of atmospheric CO_(2)concentration.

Geophysical signatures of fluids in a reactivated Precambrian collisional suture in central India

The Central India Tectonic Zone （CITZ） marks the trace of a major suture zone along which the south Indian and the north Indian continental blocks were assembled through subduction-accretion- collision tectonics in the Mesoproterozoic. The CITZ also witnessed the major, plume-related, late Cretaceous Deccan volcanic activity, covering substantial parts of the region with continental flood basalts and associated magmatic provinces. A number of major fault zones dissect the region, some of which are seismically active. Here we present results from gravity modeling along five regional profiles in the CITZ, and combine these results with magnetotelluric （MT） modeling results to explain the crustal architecture. The models show a resistive （more than 2000 Ω. m） and a normal density （2.70 g/cm3） upper crust suggesting dominant tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite （TTG） composition. There is a marked correlation between both high-density （2.95 g/cm3） and low-density （2.65 g/cm3） regions with high conductive zones （〈80 Ω. m） in the deep crust. We infer the presence of an interconnected grain boundary network of fluids or fluid-hosted structures, where the conductors are associated with gravity lows. Based on the conductive nature, we propose that the lower crustal rocks are fluid reservoirs, where the fluids occur as trapped phase within minerals, fluid-filled porosity, or as fluid-rich structural conduits. We envisage that substantial volume of fluids were transferred from mantle into the lower crust through the younger plume-related Deccan volcanism, as well as the reactivation, fracturing and expulsion of fluids transported to depth during the Mesoproterozoic subduction tectonics. Migration of the fluids into brittle fault zones such as the Narmada North Fault and the Narmada South Fault resulted in generating high pore pressures and weakening of the faults, as reflected in the seismicity. This inference is also supported by the presence of broad gravity lows near these faults, as well as the low velocity in the lower crust beneath regions of recent major earthquakes within the CITZ.

Numerical Modeling of Basin-Range Tectonics Related to Continent-Continent Collision

Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision, especially its four-dimensional temporal-spatial evolution, is a subject that geological communities have long been concerned about and studied. Continent-continent collision is mainly manifested by strong underthrusting (subduction) of the underlying block along an intracontinental subduction zone and continuous obduction (thrusting propagation) of the overlying block along the intracontinental subduction zone, the occurrence of a basin-range tectonic framework in a direction perpendicular to the subduction zone and the flexure and disruption of the Moho. On the basis of numerical modeling, the authors discuss in detail the couplings between various amounts and rates of displacement caused by basin subsidence, mountain uplift and Moho updoming and downflexure during obduction (thrusting propagation) and subduction and the migration pattern of basin centers. They are probably indications or criteria for judgment or determination of continent-continent collision.

THE CENTRAL PAMIR—AN ALPINE COLLISION ZONE

The Alpine zone of Central Pamir is elongated in sublatitudinal direction between the Hercynians of Northern Pamir and the Cimmerians of Southern Pamir south of the Vanch\|Akbaital thrust. Its western continuation is overthrusted by the Herat fault and its eastern continuation is cut by the Karakoram strike\|slip fault.. The Central Pamir is a mainly S\|vergent (at the southern part N\|vergent) Alpine nappe stack then folding in antiform. It comprises deposits from Vendian to Neogene which have a thickness of 10km. Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic activity was poorly displaied in its limits. Rifting took place in Early and probably Upper Paleozoic. Pre\|Upper Cretaceous unconformity is known only in southern (autochthonous) part of the Zone as a result of closing of Bangong\|Nu Jiang ocean. In northern (allochthonous) part of the zone the sequence of Mesozoic and Paleogene rocks has no unconformities. Alpine endogenous processes were developed very intensively. They implied nappes and imbricate structures, linear folding, different igneous activity, zonal metamorphism. Slices of pyroxenites and gabbroids occured. Calc\|alkaline lavas and tuffs constitutes the major part of Paleocene to Miocene sequence (andesites\|ryolites\|in Paleogene, alkaline basalts in Oligocene—Miocene). Oligocene—Miocene zonal metamorphic belt of the intermediate type of high pressure including series of granitegneiss domes can be traced along the Central Pamir. Cores of domes include migmatites and remobilized bodies of the Early Paleozoic gneissic granites. The decompression took place at a later stage and rocks were overprinted by the andalusite\|sillimanite type metamorphism.. Syenite and leucogranite bodies, pegmatite and aplite veins were emplaced.

Integrated geophysical evidence for a new style of continent-continent collision beneath the western Kunlun in the northwestern China

Along the western Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan geoscience transect in the northwestern China, an integrated geophysical investigation was carried out. Owing to the abominable natural conditions there, the sounding profile could not cross the whole transect, consequentially, a variety of velocity structures in the transverse and vertical orientations beneath the whole transect were not obtained, such as the case within the western Kunlun orogenic belt. To supply a gap of deep seismic soundings within the western Kunlun orogenic belt, we used the Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the relationship between the compressive wave and the density to obtain the density structure of the crust beneath the western Kunlun and the southern Tarim basin by a forward fitting of gravity anomalies within the two-dimensional polygonal model of uniform medium. The crust of the Tarim basin with a rigid basement was like an asymmetrical arc, whose surface feature was the Bachu uplift in the middle of the Tarim basin. Beneath the conjoint area between the Tarim basin and the western Kunlun belt, there was a V-shape structure located just up to the top of the uplifted Moho. The multi-seismological structures jointly revealed that the face-to-face continent-continent collision beneath the western Kunlun is a new structural style within the continent-continent collision zone, which is a real model proved by the numerical modeling.

Ripple Tectonics—When Subduction Is Interrupted

Subduction plays a fundamental role in plate tectonics and is a significant factor in modifying the structure and topography of the Earth. It is driven by convection forces that change over a >100 Myr time scale. However, when an oceanic plateau approaches, it plugs the subduction, and causes slab necking and tearing. This abrupt change may trigger a series of geodynamic (tectonic, volcanic) and sedimentary responses recorded across the convergence boundary and its surrounding regions by synchronous structural modifications. We suggest that a large enough triggering event may lead to a ripple tectonic effect that propagates outwards while speeding up the yielding of localized stress states that otherwise would not reach their threshold. The ripple effect facilitates tectonic, volcanic, and structural events worldwide that are seemingly unrelated. When the world’s largest oceanic plateau, Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), choked the Pacific-Australian convergence zone at ~6 Myr ago, it induced kinematic modifications throughout the Pacific region and along its plate margins. Other, seemingly unrelated, short-lived modifications were recorded worldwide during that time window. These modifications changed the rotation of the entire Pacific plate, which occupies ~20% of the Earth’s surface. In addition, the Scotia Sea spreading stopped, global volcanism increased, the Strait of Gibraltar closed, and the Mediterranean Sea dried up and induced the Messinian salinity crisis. In this paper, we attribute these and many other synchronous events to a new “ripple tectonics” mechanism. We suggest that the OJPincipient collision triggered the Miocene-Pliocene transition. Similarly, we suggest that innovative GPS-based studies conducted today may seek the connectivity between tectonic, seismic, and volcanic events worldwide.

深部过程和物质架构对大陆碰撞带Cu-REE成矿系统的控制:以冈底斯和三江碰撞带为例

青藏高原是全球最典型的大陆碰撞带,发育世界级规模的斑岩Cu成矿带和REE成矿带,但目前尚不清楚大陆碰撞如何控制它们的形成。基本问题是:触发碰撞增厚的岩石圈熔融的机制,岩石圈架构与Cu-REE成矿的关系以及Cu-REE和挥发分的来源及成矿机制。利用深反射地震和卫星重力数据的联合反演,结合大地电磁(MT)阵列和地球化学数据,对冈底斯正向碰撞带和三江侧向碰撞带的岩石圈结构进行了成像分析,探讨深部过程和物质架构对于Cu-REE成矿的控制。新生代印度大陆-亚洲大陆碰撞过程中,俯冲的印度大陆岩石圈发生了显著的撕裂,从而为软流圈上升流提供了通道,改造了上覆的岩石圈并引发融熔。这一过程产生超钾质熔体,这些熔体上升并在地壳底部积聚,其高的热流值和挥发分释放诱发了上覆新生下地壳的熔融形成富水岩浆,角闪石分离结晶造成岩浆氧化,这种富水高氧逸度的岩浆有利于Cu的迁移和富集。研究表明,三个关键因素形成了与碰撞相关的斑岩矿床:中等角度板片俯冲,板片撕裂和富硫化物新生下地壳的熔融。在三江侧向碰撞带的扬子克拉通边缘,由印度大陆俯冲或地幔对流驱动的热软流圈的垂直上升流和横向流动导致克拉通大陆岩石圈发生热侵蚀和部分熔融。克拉通边缘的大陆岩石圈先前经历了来自再循环海洋沉积物的富含REE和CO_(2)的流体的交代作用,从而富集了REE,后来又被沿着岩石圈不连续面(例如走滑断层、裂谷)上升的碳酸岩熔体携带,形成大型的碳酸岩型稀土矿床。而缺乏源区交代作用的克拉通大陆岩石圈的熔融可能会产生碳酸岩、超钾质岩和镁铁质岩熔体,但它们形成碳酸岩型稀土矿床的潜力有限。

新疆阿尔泰造山带海西期花岗伟晶岩地球化学特征、年代学及地质意义

阿尔泰是我国也是世界上最重要的伟晶岩分布区,伟晶岩作为一种独立的矿床类型,在矿床学研究中具有重要意义。本次研究选择阿尔泰造山带西段布尔津冬格列伟晶岩和青河北伟晶岩为研究对象,获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(343.7±1.7)Ma,为早石炭世海西期运动产物。地球化学特征显示,伟晶岩具富硅、过铝质、中碱、中钙等特征,具低钾系列向高钾钙碱性系列过渡的特征。微量元素具有Ba,Ta,Nb,Sr,Zr,Ti相对负异常,Rb,K,Nb,P,Hf,Y相对正异常特征,接近原始地幔。分布曲线为“海鸥型”分布型式,具“四重效应”特征。稀土含量较低,轻重稀土分馏中等,轻稀土分馏明显,重稀土分馏不明显,分布曲线为右倾型,呈“V”型谷状。成因类型为分异变质成因伟晶岩,为NYF型。形成于俯冲增生阶段,处于挤压环境,构造活动强烈,不利于流动性很强的熔体-流体稳定,不易形成稀有金属伟晶岩矿床。

Tectonic evolution of the Tongbai-Hong'an orogen in central China: From oceanic subduction/accretion to continent-continent collision

The Tongbai-Hong'an orogen is located in a key tectonic position linking the Qinling orogen to the west and the Dabie-Sulu orogen to the east. Because the orogen preserves a Paleozoic accretionary orogenic system in the north and a latest PaleozoicMesozoic collisional orogenic system in the south, it may serve as an ideal place to study the tectonic evolution between the North and South China Blocks. The available literature data in the past 20 years indicate that the tectonic processes of the Tongbai-Hong'an orogen involved four stages during the Phanerozoic:(1) Early Paleozoic(490–420 Ma) oceanic subduction, arc magmatism and arc-continent collision created a new Andean-type active continental margin on the North China Block;(2) Late Paleozoic(340–310 Ma) oceanic subduction and accretion generated separated paired metamorphic belts: a medium P/T Wuguan-Guishan complex belt in the south of the Shandan-Songpa fault and a high P/T Xiongdian eclogite belt in the northern edge of the Mesozoic HP metamorphic terrane;(3) Latest Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic(255–200 Ma) continental subduction and collision formed the Tongbai HP terrane in the west and the Hong'an HP/UHP terrane in the east as a consequence of deep subduction towards the east and syn-subduction detachment/exhumation of the down-going slab;(4) Late Mesozoic(140–120 Ma) extension, voluminous magma intrusion and tectonic extrusion led to the final exhumation of the Tongbai-Hong'an-Dabie HP/UHP terrane and the wedge-shaped architecture of the terrane narrowing towards the west. However, many open questions still remain about the details of each evolutionary stage and earlier history of the orogen. Besides an extensive study directly on the Tongbai-Hong'an orogen in the future, integrated investigation on the "soft-collisional" Qinling orogen in the west and the "hard-collisional" Dabie-Sulu orogen in the east is required to establish a general tectonic model for the whole Qinling-TongbaiHong'an-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt.

Developing plate tectonics theory from oceanic subduction zones to collisional orogens

Crustal subduction and continental collision is the core of plate tectonics theory. Understanding the formation and evolution of continental collision orogens is a key to develop the theory of plate tectonics. Different types of subduction zones have been categorized based on the nature of subducted crust. Two types of collisional orogens, i.e. arc-continent and continent-continent collisional orogens, have been recognized based on the nature of collisional blocks and the composition of derivative rocks. Arc-continent collisional orogens contain both ancient and juvenile crustal rocks, and reworking of those rocks at the post-collisional stage generates magmatic rocks with different geochemical compositions. If an orogen is built by collision between two relatively old continental blocks, post-collisional magmatic rocks are only derived from reworking of the old crustal rocks. Collisional orogens undergo reactivation and reworking at action of lithosphere extension, with inheritance not only in the tectonic regime but also in the geochemical compositions of reworked products(i.e., magmatic rocks). In order to unravel basic principles for the evolution of continental tectonics at the post-collisional stages, it is necessary to investigate the reworking of orogenic belts in the post-collisional regime, to recognize physicochemical differences in deep continental collision zones, and to understand petrogenetic links between the nature of subducted crust and post-collisional magmatic rocks. Afterwards we are in a position to build the systematics of continental tectonics and thus to develop the plate tectonics theory.

A review on the numerical geodynamic modeling of continental subduction,collision and exhumation

Continental subduction and collision normally follows oceanic subduction,with the remarkable event of formation and exhumation of high-to ultra-high-pressure(HP-UHP)metamorphic rocks.Based on the summary of numerical geodynamic models,six modes of continental convergence have been identified:pure shear thickening,folding and buckling,one-sided steep subduction,flat subduction,two-sided subduction,and subducting slab break-off.In addition,the exhumation of HP-UHP rocks can be formulated into eight modes:thrust fault exhumation,buckling exhumation,material circulation,overpressure model,exhumation of a coherent crustal slice,episodic ductile extrusion,slab break-off induced eduction,and exhumation through fractured overriding lithosphere.During the transition from subduction to exhumation,the weakening and detachment of subducted continental crust are prerequisites.However,the dominant weakening mechanisms and their roles in the subduction channel are poorly constrained.To a first degree approximation,the mechanism of continental subduction and exhumation can be treated as a subduction channel flow model,which incorporates the competing effects of downward Couette(subduction)flow and upward Poiseuille(exhumation)flow in the subduction channel.However,the(de-)hydration effect plays significant roles in the deformation of subduction channel and overriding lithosphere,which thereby result in very different modes from the simple subduction channel flow.Three-dimensionality is another important issue with highlighting the along-strike differential modes of continental subduction,collision and exhumation in the same continental convergence belt.

Developing the plate tectonics from oceanic subduction to continental collision

The studies of continental deep subduction and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism have not only promoted the development of solid earth science in China, but also provided an excellent opportunity to advance the plate tectonics theory. In view of the nature of subducted crust, two types of subduction and collision have been respectively recognized in nature. On one hand, the crustal subduction occurs due to underflow of either oceanic crust (Pacific type) or continental crust (Alpine type). On the other hand, the continental collision proceeds by arc-continent collision (Himalaya-Tibet type) or continent-continent collision (Dabie-Sulu type). The key issues in the future study of continental dynamics are the chemical changes and differential exhumation in continental deep subduction zones, and the temporal-spatial transition from oceanic subduction to continental subduction.

Continental subduction channel processes: Plate interface interaction during continental collision

The study of subduction-zone processes is a key to development of the plate tectonic theory.Plate interface interaction is a basic mechanism for the mass and energy exchange between Earth’s surface and interior.By developing the subduction channel model into continental collision orogens,insights are provided into tectonic processes during continental subduction and its products.The continental crust,composed of felsic to mafic rocks,is detached at different depths from subducting continental lithosphere and then migrates into continental subduction channel.Part of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle wedge,composed of peridotite,is offscrapped from its bottom.The crustal and mantle fragments of different sizes are transported downwards and upwards inside subduction channels by the corner flow,resulting in varying extents of metamorphism,with heterogeneous deformation and local anatexis.All these metamorphic rocks can be viewed as tectonic melanges due to mechanical mixing of crust-and mantle-derived rocks in the subduction channels,resulting in different types of metamorphic rocks now exposed in the same orogens.The crust-mantle interaction in the continental subduction channel is realized by reaction of the overlying ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle wedge peridotite with aqueous fluid and hydrous melt derived from partial melting of subducted continental basement granite and cover sediment.The nature of premetamorphic protoliths dictates the type of collisional orogens,the size of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terranes and the duration of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism.

Effects of Crustal Eclogitization on Plate Subduction/Collision Dynamics: Implications for India-Asia Collision

2D thermo-mechanical models are constructed to investigate the effects of oceanic and continental crustal eclogitization on plate dynamics at three successive stages of oceanic subduction, slab breakoff, and continental subduction. Crustal eclogitization directly increases the average slab density and accordingly the slab pull force, which makes the slab subduct deeply and steeply. Numerical results demonstrate that the duration time from initial continental collision to slab breakoff largely depends on the slab pull force. Specifically, eclogitization of subducted crust can greatly decrease the duration time, but increase the breakoff depth. The detachment of oceanic slab from the pro-continental lithosphere is accompanied with obvious exhumation of the subducted continental crust and a sharp uplift of the collision zone in response to the disappearance of downward drag force and the induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially under the condition of no or incomplete crustal eclogitization. During continental subduction, the slab dip angle is strongly correlated with eclogitization of subducted continental lower crust, which regulates the slab buoyancy nature. Our model results can provide several important implications for the Himalayan-Tibetan collision zone. For example, it is possible that the lateral variations in the degree of eclogitization of the subducted Indian crust might to some extent contribute to the lateral variations of subduction angle along the Himalayan orogenic belt. Moreover, the accumulation of highly radiogenic sediments and upper continental crustal materials at the active margin in combination with the strong shear heating due to continuous continental subduction together cause rising of isotherms in the accretionary wedge, which facilitate the development of crustal partial melting and metamorphism.

Multistage exhumation and partial melting of high-T ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in continental subduction-collision zones

High-temperature(HT, >850℃) metamorphism in continental collision orogens, particularly for those ultrahigh-pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks, has become one of the remarkable topics in Earth science. It has bearing on the element and isotope behaviors of UHP rocks, their partial melting and related geodynamic effects during exhumation. In this paper, five representative continental collision orogens with typical HT/UHP rocks, including the Dabie orogen in China, the Kokchetav in Kazakhstan, the Caledonides in Greenland, the Rhodope in Greece, and the Erzgebirge in Germany are introduced, and their HT/UHP metamorphism and evolution processes are summarized. In addition, metamorphic P-T-t paths, multistage exhumation processes, and partial melting and preservation and retrogression of UHP index minerals during exhumation and their possible mechanisms are discussed. On this basis, the forthcoming key fields and scientific subjects of HT/UHP rocks within continental subduction channel are proposed.

甘肃北山地区芦草沟富闪深成岩的成因

富闪深成岩是一类罕见的岩石类型,角闪石含量很高,矿物组合十分罕见,对岩浆作用和地球动力学过程具有敏感的指示意义。本文对甘肃北山地区首次发现的芦草沟二叠纪富闪深成岩开展野外调查、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、全岩主量和微量元素地球化学分析,结果表明,岩石的SiO_(2)含量为45.43%~51.84%,Na_(2)O含量为2.76%~3.98%,K_(2)O含量为0.18%~0.59%,Al_(2)O_(3)含量为16.59%~20.58%,MgO含量为4.18%~6.34%,显示贫钾富钠的特征;岩石的微量元素组成显示富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.81~1.46)。锆石U-Pb年龄为286.7±2.5 Ma,即形成于早二叠世。结合区域地质背景,认为芦草沟富闪深成岩是俯冲碰撞环境壳幔相互作用的产物,而中亚造山带大范围发育中晚二叠世花岗岩是碰撞后构造岩浆事件的产物,暗示北山地区的古亚洲洋在中二叠世才完全消亡,进入陆内演化阶段。

威尔逊旋回中碰撞诱发板块俯冲起始的模型与实例

威尔逊旋回中板块俯冲起始是指一个板块边界下沉并挤入另一个板块底部形成新俯冲带的过程,是地球动力学演化和威尔逊旋回的一个关键点。目前对俯冲起始机制的认识一直是板块构造理论的薄弱环节,而争论主要集中在板块俯冲起始是自发,还是诱导。自发俯冲起始包括转换断层塌陷、被动陆缘塌陷和地幔柱头周缘垮塌,诱发俯冲起始包括俯冲传递和极性反转,这两类诱发俯冲起始过程主要与微陆块、岛弧、大洋高原等碰撞拼贴过程有关。俯冲极性反转通常发生洋内环境,而俯冲传递既可以发生在洋内,也可以在活动大陆边缘。通过实例分析发现碰撞诱发的俯冲极性反转和俯冲传递可能同时发生,比如在加勒比海地区。另外,翁通爪哇和加勒比海地区的俯冲起始在碰撞后10 Ma内启动,对于特提斯构造域,尽管存在多期次的俯冲传递过程,但需要深入研究。

中亚造山带东南缘从俯冲-增生到碰撞的构造-岩浆演化记录

造山带演化及增生到碰撞的转变是板块构造与大陆动力学研究中的前沿科学问题。中亚造山带被认为是古亚洲洋长期俯冲-增生演化形成的显生宙最大的增生造山带,以发育巨量的面状展布的俯冲-增生相关的弧岩浆岩为特征。并且,由于中亚增生型造山带在潘吉亚最后聚合过程中发生弧弧(陆)碰撞,因此缺乏大规模且跨构造单元的碰撞相关的构造和变质等物质标志。显然,能否识别出大洋闭合期间碰撞作用的岩浆标志成为确定增生造山带增生过程终止的关键之一。本文系统研究确定:中亚造山带东南缘二叠纪到三叠纪钙碱性-碱钙性岩浆在空间分布上显示出由北西向南东迁移演化的特征;在岩浆性质上具有从二叠纪新生地壳来源的弧岩浆向早-中三叠世碰撞挤压背景下古老陆壳组分逐渐增多的高Sr/Y岩浆以及晚三叠世后造山伸展相关的A型花岗岩演化的特征。这些特征提供了俯冲-增生向碰撞造山演变的关键岩浆岩证据。结合区域资料,厘定出增生造山带最后碰撞相关的标志性岩浆为沿缝合带呈零星线性展布的增厚下地壳源区的高Sr/Y花岗岩类,构建了中亚造山带南缘从双向俯冲-增生到增生楔-增生楔碰撞及后造山伸展的三阶段构造-岩浆演化模型。系统对比研究,揭示出增生-碰撞相关的岩浆记录沿横向展布在中亚造山带南缘甘肃北山到吉林中部一带,表明碰撞挤压相关的岩浆作用在中亚造山带南缘具有一定的普适性。中亚造山带南缘从增生到碰撞的岩浆演化记录的厘定,证实显生宙最大的巨型增生造山带演化末期经历了碰撞造山作用,对进一步深入探索增生造山演化末期碰撞相关的标志性岩浆具有重要意义。

海南岛二叠纪—三叠纪构造演化:源自岩浆岩和变质岩同位素年代学和地球化学的约束

本文对海南岛广泛出露的中-酸性花岗质岩体和中—高级变质岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素研究,识别出270~259 Ma和242 Ma两期岩浆事件和251~248 Ma变质-深熔事件。270~259 Ma岩浆岩包括花岗(石英)闪长岩和含石榴子石花岗岩。花岗(石英)闪长岩为准铝质I型花岗岩,锆石εHf(t)值变化较大,Mg#和CaO/Na_(2)O比值较高,Rb/Sr比值较低,起源于玄武质下地壳,并存在少量幔源岩浆的混入;含石榴子石花岗岩为典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩,锆石εHf(t)值为负,CaO/Na_(2)O比值较高,源岩主要为壳源贫黏土的碎屑岩。它们均富集LREEs(轻稀土元素)和LILEs(大离子亲石元素),明显亏损HFSEs(高场强元素),显示出与洋壳俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征,形成于大陆弧背景下。251~248 Ma变质-深熔事件与区域上广泛分布的壳源S型花岗岩和韧性剪切变形同期,推测为一期弧-陆碰撞造山事件。242 Ma花岗岩为A_(2)型花岗岩,具正的锆石εHf(t)值,其源岩为新生的玄武质下地壳物质,标志造山已进入伸展垮塌阶段。海南岛在二叠纪末期到三叠纪初期完成了由洋壳俯冲向弧-陆碰撞造山的转换,该时期构造演化主要受古特提斯构造域控制。