Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well understood.In the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were discussed.The results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM pores.The pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,respectively.The methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,respectively.Compared with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption capacity.The GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas potential.Considering the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation and preservation,the deep-water shelf facies is the most favorable target for the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration and development in the western Hubei area,South China.

A Calculation Method of Double Strength Reduction for Layered Slope Based on the Reduction of Water Content Intensity

The calculation of the factor of safety(FOS)is an important means of slope evaluation.This paper proposed an improved double strength reductionmethod(DRM)to analyze the safety of layered slopes.The physical properties of different soil layers of the slopes are different,so the single coefficient strength reduction method(SRM)is not enough to reflect the actual critical state of the slopes.Considering that the water content of the soil in the natural state is the main factor for the strength of the soil,the attenuation law of shear strength of clayey soil changing with water content is fitted.This paper also establishes the functional relationship between different reduction coefficients.Then,a USDFLD subroutine is programmed using the secondary development function of finite element software.Controlling the relationship between field variables and calculation time realizes double strength reduction applicable to the layered slope.Finally,by comparing the calculation results of different examples,it is proved that the stress and displacement distribution of the critical slope state obtained by the improved method is more realistic,and the calculated safety factor is more reliable.The newly proposedmethod considers the difference of intensity attenuation between different soil layers under natural conditions and avoids the disadvantage of the strength reduction method with uniform parameters,which provides a new idea and method for stability analysis of layered and complex slopes.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Fine-Grained Soil Content on the Freezing Strength of Aeolian Sand-Cement Interface

In cold regions,understanding the freezing strength of the interface between soil and structure is crucial for designing frost-resistant foundations.To investigate how the content of cement powder in aeolian sand affects this strength,we conducted direct shear tests under various conditions such as different fine-grained soil content,normal stress,and initial moisture content of the soil.By analyzing parameters like soil properties,and volume of ice content,and using the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory to define interface strength,we aimed to indirectly measure the cementation strength of the interface.Our findings revealed that as the particle content increased,the interface stress-strain curves became noticeably stiffer.We also observed a positive linear relationship between freezing strength and silt content,while the initial moisture content of the soil did not significantly impact the strengthening effect of fine-grained soil on freezing strength.Moreover,we discovered that as the powder content increased,the force binding the ice to the interface decreased,while the friction angle at the interface increased.However,the cohesion force at the interface remained relatively unchanged.Overall,our analysis suggests that the increase in freezing strength due to fine-grained soil content is primarily due to the heightened friction between aeolian sand and the interface.

MT_1-MMP和Factor Ⅷ在人脑胶质瘤中表达差异及其意义

目的探讨膜型基质金属蛋白酶-1(MT1-MMP)和FactorⅧ在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及两者之间的关系。方法用免疫组织化学SP法检测45例人脑胶质瘤组织和10例正常人脑组织中MT1-MMP和FactorⅧ的表达。结果正常人脑组织中无MT1-MMP表达,高级别脑胶质瘤组织(Ⅲ、Ⅳ)中MT1-MMP和FactorⅧ的阳性表达率显著高于低级别胶质瘤组织(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),并且两者的表达呈显著正相关性。结论MT1-MMP在高级别脑胶质瘤组织中高表达,其表达与脑胶质瘤的进展和侵袭密切相关,可作为脑胶质瘤恶性表型的有用指标。MT1-MMP可能在脑胶质瘤的血管生成中发挥重要的调控作用。

Available Contents of Trace Nutrient Element and Factors Affecting Their Availability in Western Jilin

Based on the assay of the total content and available content of the trace nutrient elements and the soil pH and organic matter of the soil samples,the characteristic of the available content of the trace nutrient elements and their affecting factors are studied. The results show that the available B in western Jilin is in a middle level,the content in Nong'an is higher than that in the others; the available Mn is extremely abundant; the available Cu in Nong'an is obviously higher than other areas,and the content in Da'an differs greatly; the available Zn is in a middle level; the severe shortage of available Mo differs between different areas; and the available Fe is extremely abundant. The available Mn,Cu and Fe have significantly positive correlation with their total content; the available B has significantly positive correlation with pH,and Zn has obviously negative correlation with pH; the available Mn and Fe had significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter.

Ki-67和Factor Ⅷ在人脑胶质瘤中表达的相互关系及意义

目的探讨Ki-67和FactorⅧ在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及两者之间的关系。方法用免疫组织化学S-P法检测38例人脑胶质瘤组织和7例正常人脑组织中Ki-67和FactorⅧ的表达。结果正常人脑组织中无Ki-67表达,高度恶性胶质瘤(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)中Ki-67和FactorⅧ的阳性表达率显著高于低级别胶质瘤组织(I～Ⅱ级),并且两者的表达呈显著正相关性。结论Ki-67在恶性胶质瘤组织中高表达,与胶质瘤的进展和侵袭密切相关,可作为胶质瘤恶性表型的有用指标。Ki-67可能在胶质瘤的血管生成中发挥重要的调控作用。

Milk fat globule epithelial growth factorⅧ(MFG-E8)sustains survival of cancer cells by prompting tumor angiogenesis and suppressing host immunities

Milk fat globule epithelial growth factor VIII(MFG-E8) is a novel adhesion protein mainly produced by macrophages and dendritic cells; it is expressed in most of the human tissues and functions to prompt cancer progression and survival. MFG-E8 contains a signal sequence for secretion, two epidermal growth factor(EGF)-like domains at the NH2 terminus and two discoidin domains with blood-clotting factor V/factor Ⅷ(C1 and C2) at the COOH terminus. The second EGF domain contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic(RGD) integrin-binding motif that engages α_vβ_5 integrins to facilitate cell adhesion and induce integrinmediated signal transduction. Integrin α_vβ_3 associates with VEGF receptor 2, engagement of integrins can promote angiogenesis, which plays key roles in growth, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. VEGF stimulates the expression of α_vβ_3 and α_vβ_5 integrins on angiogenic vasculature, thereby potentiating effects of VEGF receptor engagement. Mice expressing a mutant form of α_vβ_3 integrin are unable to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation, confirming the important role that this integrin plays in pathological angiogenesis and providing important mechanistic insights. The C-terminus discoidin-like domains promote binding to membrane phospholipids, functioning close to VEGF like angiogenesis. MFG-E8 is an opsonin for apoptotic cells, and it acts as a bridging protein between apoptotic cells and phagocytes. It also influences cell immunities by altering CD4^+ and/or CD8^+ cells. Antibody or small peptide works with MFG-E8 at different functional sites or interacts with EGF-like domains and/or discoidin-like domains may play an important role in anti-angiogenesis or immune restoration. Altering the structures and/or functions of MFG-E8 and/or its domains is promising for development of novel anti-cancer strategies.

Factors Acquisition and Content Estimation of Farmland Soil Organic Carbon Based upon Internet of Things

Aiming at the shortage of sufficient continuous parameters for using models to estimate farmland soil organic carbon(SOC) content, an acquisition method of factors influencing farmland SOC and an estimation method of farmland SOC content with Internet of Things(IOT) are proposed in this paper. The IOT sensing device and transmission network were established in a wheat demonstration base in Yanzhou Distict of Jining City, Shandong Province, China to acquire data in real time. Using real-time data and statistics data, the dynamic changes of SOC content between October 2012 and June 2015 was simulated in the experimental area with SOC dynamic simulation model. In order to verify the estimation results, potassium dichromate external heating method was applied for measuring the SOC content. The results show that: 1) The estimated value matches the measured value in the lab very well. So the method is feasible in this paper. 2) There is a clear dynamic variation in the SOC content at 0.2 m soil depth in different growing periods of wheat. The content reached the highest level during the sowing period, and is lowest in the flowering period. 3) The SOC content at 0.2 m soil depth varies in accordance with the amount of returned straw. The larger the amount of returned straw is, the higher the SOC content.

Change of Coagulation Factor Ⅷ and Antithrombin Ⅲ Activity in Bank-Stored Blood

Coagulation factor Ⅷ and antithrombin Ⅲ activity were detected in 15 health donors. It was found that antithrombin Ⅲ activity decreased obviously 12 h after blood drawing. It lost 56 % of the activity at the 3rd day, and 70 % of the activity at the 7th day. FⅧ:c showed no obvious change after 24 h, until the 3rd day. It lost 40 %-60 % of the activity after 36 h and was reduced to the 30 % of the original activity at the 5th day. Our results suggested that at the 3rd day coagulation factor Ⅷ of bank stored blood can be used to replenish antithrombin Ⅲ, while bank stored blood in one day can be used to replenish FⅧ.

血友病A患者凝血因子Ⅷ抑制物产生机制及相关遗传因素研究进展

血友病A是一种发病率为1/5000的出血性疾病,目前主要的治疗方式仍为替代治疗,治疗过程中产生凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)的中和性抗体(FⅧ抑制物)是本病最大的并发症之一,将大大影响疾病治疗效果。抑制物的产生是多因素共同作用的结果,包括遗传因素和非遗传因素,遗传因素是主要因素,非遗传因素为次要因素。遗传因素包括FⅧ基因突变、免疫应答基因多态性、种族、家族史、血型。本文综述血友病A患者FⅧ抑制物产生机制及相关遗传因素的最新进展。

Analysis of Intron 22 Inversion Mutation of Factor Ⅷ Genein the Patients with Hemophilia A in J&K State of India

Objective Hemophilia A,an X-linked bleeding disorder,affecting 1 in 5 000 males is caused by heterogeneous mutations in factor Ⅷ gene.Inversion mutation in intron 22 of F8C gene remains its leading cause.The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of the intron 22-inversion mutation in the patients and in the family members in the region.Methods 29 hemophilia A patients from Jammu and Kashmir(20 severe,8 moderate and 1 mild) were analyzed for intron 22-inversion mutation.Results 11(38%) were positive for the distal type of inversion mutation.The mutation was found in 9/20(45%) patients with severe factor Ⅷ deficiency and 2/8(25%) with moderate severity hemophilia A,whereas the patient with mild hemophilia A was found to be negative for inversion mutation.Evaluation of twenty-six female relatives from 11 families of inversion mutation positive patients identified one mother and one sister from one family to be the carrier,suggesting its origin in the mother. Conclusion The present study confirms the intron-22 inversion mutation in F8C gene as the major cause of hemophilia A in the population from Jammu and Kashmir with a higher frequency of inversion mutation in sporadic cases compared to the familial cases.

Influencing factors of gas content evaluation for shale gas:a case study of Lower Paleozoic Wuling fold belt in Upper Yangtze Basin

Factors of shale gas accumulation can be divided into the external and internal factors,according to accumulation mechanism and characteristics of shale gas. The internal factors mainly refer to parameters of organic geochemistry,mineral components and physical parameters. Six factors were presented in this study,i. e.organic matter,maturity,quartz,carbonate,clay mineral and pore. The external factors mainly refer to geologic environment of shale gas reservoir,including four factors: temperature,pressure,depth and thickness.Based on the experiment results of 26 samples of drilling cores from Wuling fold belt in Lower Paleozoic Silurian of the Upper Yangtze Basin,combined with the integrated analysis of geology,logging and test,the correlation of the gas content of shale gas to the above-mentioned ten factors was concluded. Six important evaluation indicators were preliminarily established in the gas-bearing core area of marine shale in the Upper Yangtze Basin.

基于内容分析法的城镇雨水系统碳排放核算研究进展

采用内容分析法,从核算对象、核算范围、核算方法及排放因子等方面,对现有城镇雨水系统碳排放核算研究情况进行了系统回顾。结果表明:现有研究基本明确了雨水系统碳排放核算公式,为开展多尺度雨水系统碳排放核算奠定了方法基础;现有研究核算了部分雨水设施部分阶段的碳排放因子,但存在核算范围不一致、方法不统一、排放因子不透明等问题,不同研究结果之间可比性较差,核算结果具有很大不确定性;雨水设施碳排放因子完整性较差,与形成统一规范的雨水系统碳排放核算体系存在一定的差距。为规范雨水系统碳排放核算体系,未来研究应重点关注截留式排水体制下雨水系统核算边界划分、直接碳排放精准测度和水能利用的碳抵消效应,逐步构建适用于雨水系统碳排放核算的综合因子数据库。

尕斯高盐油藏污水配聚阳离子对聚合物溶液黏度影响的主控因素

根据青海油田尕斯区块回注污水矿化度较高的特点,以山东宝莫生产的聚合物为研究目标,系统探讨了从聚合物驱采出水中的Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(^(2+))、Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)等6种离子对聚合物溶液的黏度和稳定性影响的变化规律,并提供了回注污水配聚主要研究方法。结果表明:导致聚合物黏度降低的主要控制因素是高价阳离子,其影响顺序从大到小的次序是Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Mg^(^(2+))、Ca^(2+)、Na+、K+;而高价阳离子对聚合物溶液黏度稳定性影响顺序从大到小的次序则是:Fe^(2+)、Ca^(2+)(Mg^(^(2+)))、Fe^(3+)、Na^(+)(K^(+))。研究结果展示了回注污水配聚中阳离子对聚合物溶液黏度的响应机理,为聚合物驱技术提供了理论指导。

祁连山典型植被土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素

探讨祁连山典型植被土壤有机碳空间分布特征及其影响因素,可为评估该地区森林土壤固碳效应提供科学依据。以退耕地为对照,以草地、天然乔木(青海云杉、祁连圆柏)、人工乔木(落叶松)和灌木5种典型植被为研究对象,测定0~100 cm深度土壤有机碳含量、有机碳密度、土壤粒度、pH、电导率、全氮、全钾和全磷含量,比较分析不同植被土壤有机碳组分的分布差异及其主要影响因素。结果表明:1)不同植被类型平均土壤有机碳含量排序为青海云杉(5.99 g/kg)>祁连圆柏(5.59 g/kg)>落叶松(2.91 g/kg)>灌木(1.83 g/kg)>草地(1.66 g/kg)>退耕地(1.16 g/kg);平均土壤有机碳密度排序为青海云杉(3.43 kg/m^(2))>祁连圆柏(2.76 kg/m^(2))>落叶松(2.16 kg/m^(2))>灌木(2.08 kg/m^(2))>草地(2.00 kg/m^(2))>退耕地(1.33 kg/m^(2))。2)随着土层的加深,不同植被土壤有机碳含量整体上呈减小的趋势,土壤有机碳密度呈先增后减的趋势。3)不同植被类型土壤C/N为9.30~15.73,均值表现为青海云杉(14.96)>草地(11.66)>退耕地(11.54)>灌木(10.83)>落叶松(10.69)>祁连圆柏(10.63)。4)不同植被类型土壤有机碳和全氮含量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),有机碳与全磷、黏粒、粉粒呈极显著或显著正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),有机碳与砂粒含量呈极显著或显著负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),有机碳与pH均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。祁连山自然生长的乔木土壤有机碳固持能力较好,在建设碳汇林时应充分考虑土壤有机碳的影响,优先选择乔木植被。

加工因素对HDPE基木塑复合材料静曲强度的影响

为了研究木塑复合材料加工因素对复合材料力学性能的影响,采用正交实验法以静曲强度为评价标准,利用极差分析和方差分析法分析了螺杆转速、造粒温度、偶联剂质量分数和木粉含量等加工因素对力学指标静曲强度影响的顺序及各因素的最佳水平,确定了木塑复合材料静曲强度的各加工因素的最佳参数组合;系统地分析了各加工参数对木塑复合材料力学性能指标静曲强度的影响。结果表明,影响木塑复合材料静曲强度的主要加工因素由大到小依次为偶联剂质量分数>木粉含量>转速>造粒温度;得到最佳静曲强度的加工因素参数组合为转速150 r/min、造粒温度145℃、偶联剂质量分数为5%、木粉含量为60%;木粉含量及偶联剂质量分数对材料的静曲强度具有显著性影响,转速和造粒温度对材料静曲强度影响的显著性较低,其中,随着偶联剂含量的增加,静曲强度呈明显上升的趋势;当木粉含量从30%增大至70%时,材料的静曲强度呈先增加后减小的趋势。

基于关键气象因子的油茶种仁含油率预测模型构建

含油率是油茶重要的经济性状,构建油茶含油率预测模型对于茶油产量预报有重要的意义。本研究以普通油茶为研究对象,通过分析油茶种仁含油率与不同气象因子的关系,确定影响油茶种仁含油率的关键气象因子,然后用回归分析法构建基于关键气象因子的油茶含油率预测模型,并用独立资料检验预测模型效果。结果表明:8月平均气温、8月最高气温、9月最高气温、油脂转化积累高峰期最高气温与含油率呈显著的负相关关系。通过逐步回归分析法拟合得到了3个油茶含油率预测模型,用独立资料检验后,发现基于9月降水量(x_(1))、9月最高气温(x_(2))和油脂转化积累高峰期最长连续无降水天数(x3)的油茶种仁含油率(y)预测模型(y=79.46-0.03x_(1)-0.86x_(2)-0.30x3)效果好,平均相对误差为4.6%,可应用于普通油茶种仁含油率预测。

高含水油藏CO_(2)人工气顶驱油-封存适宜条件研究

针对水驱油藏开发进入高含水阶段后,剩余油常富集在构造高部位或厚油层顶部,井网控制不到的问题,利用油藏自身特点注CO_(2)形成气顶驱,可有效改善开发效果并实现CO_(2)封存,但什么样的油藏适宜开展气顶驱尚待研究。通过剖析典型高含水油藏CO_(2)气顶驱见效特征,分析气顶驱油过程中油气界面移动规律,结合数值模拟、物理模拟,以提高采收率幅度、换油率、到达极限气油比时间、存气率等为主要评价标准,研究地层倾角、原油密度、黏度、油藏封闭性、渗透率、水动力强弱等相关参数对CO_(2)气顶驱油-封存效果的影响。按照到达极限气油比时提高采收率的幅度大小,评价各参数对驱油--封存效果的影响程度,确定高含水期油藏的CO_(2)气顶驱油-封存筛选条件主要受油藏封闭性、地层倾角、原油黏度、油层渗透率及厚度影响,为拓展CO_(2)驱应用范围提供了依据。

血友病A患者因子Ⅷ抑制物的检出率及抑制物产生的环境因素

目的调查血友病A（HA）患者因子Ⅷ（FⅧ）抑制物的检出率,初步探讨抑制物产生的环境因素。方法以2003年4月-2007年4月在北京协和医院就诊的107例HA患者及在院外征集的158例HA患者（共265例）为研究对象,采用一期法检测FⅧ：C活性,Bethesda法检测FⅧ抑制物。结果265例HA患者中,22例（8.3%）抑制物检测为阳性,其中86.4%（19/22）为低反应者（抑制物滴度≤5 000 BU/L）,13.6%（3/22）为高反应者（抑制物滴度〉5 000 BU/L）。年龄〉50岁患者的抑制物检出率为50%,明显高于其他年龄组（P=0.000）。在158例临床治疗资料较完整的新征集患者中,FⅧ制剂输注频率大于12次/年者的抑制物阳性率为12.8%,而输注频率小于12次/年者为5.8%,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.156）。有短时间内持续输注FⅧ史者的抑制物阳性率明显高于无持续输注FⅧ史的患者（28.5%vs.1.6%,P=0.000）。应用多种品牌和单一品牌FⅧ制剂患者的抑制物阳性率分别为9.3%和3.9%,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.229）。结论HA患者抑制物的生成可能与患者年龄、短时间内持续输注FⅧ史等因素有关。

中国血友病A患者因子Ⅷ抑制物形成特征及随访研究

目的随访研究中国血友病A患者因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)抑制物发生率和特征。方法 215例血友病A患者在24月(2007年6月至2009年6月)的连续随访中,监测FⅧ抑制物发生、变化及转归,并观察患者临床特征。结果 215例血友病A患者随访24月FⅧ抑制物累积发病率为11.6%(25/215);其中低滴度者占72%(18/25),高滴度者占28%(7/25);FⅧ抑制物阳性发生时的中位年龄为25岁(6～59岁)、累积中位暴露日为150日;15/25(60%)低滴度阳性者(中位滴度1.25BU/ml)在自然情况下于6～15月(中位10月)转为阴性,5/25(20%)高滴度抑制物者(中位滴度100BU/ml)则随访24月持续阳性,另外5/25(20%)FⅧ抑制物阳性无变化;25例FⅧ抑制物阳性者出血频率较其阴性时显著增加(P=0.025);18/25例继续应用FⅧ者,FⅧ产品用量(IU/kg·月)较前显著增加(P=0.015),但靶关节数目在24月随访期间并无增加(P=0.329)。结论我国血友病A患者FⅧ抑制物发病率和特征与欧美等国家存在差异。