多传感器建图与定位SLAM系统(simultaneous localization and mapping)在室外长距离跨度环境中,由于各传感器信息融合不正确、特征匹配错误,或传感器状态信息不可信,导致建图精度不足,轨迹漂移甚至建图崩溃。对此,提出一种基于因子图优...多传感器建图与定位SLAM系统(simultaneous localization and mapping)在室外长距离跨度环境中,由于各传感器信息融合不正确、特征匹配错误,或传感器状态信息不可信,导致建图精度不足,轨迹漂移甚至建图崩溃。对此,提出一种基于因子图优化的多传感器信息紧耦合算法(tightly-coupled lidar-visual-inertial odometry via smoothing,mapping and DBSCAN,LVI-SMAD),将前端点云和视觉信息联合的聚类结果作为因子图优化约束,以一种较低帧的约束形式加入到较高帧的点云地图输出中,加强了点云与视觉信息的紧耦合,解决了激光雷达与相机间信息匹配错误的问题,同时将该约束作为某一传感器信息不可信时的约束补充,减小了传感器信息不稳定情况下的定位漂移,提高了算法一致性。实验证明,在低坡度长跨度的工作环境中,LVI-SMAD与LVI-SAM对比,绝对轨迹误差降低了39.90%,与LIO-SAM对比降低了63.09%;在高坡度工作环境中,与LVI-SAM对比,绝对轨迹误差减少41.08%,与LIO-SAM对比减少64.87%,证明了算法的有效性与可行性。展开更多
针对单一传感器SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping)技术在复杂环境中存在精度低、可靠性差等问题,提出一种基于因子图消元优化的激光雷达、视觉和IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)融合SLAM算法(Multi Factor Graph fusion SLAM...针对单一传感器SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping)技术在复杂环境中存在精度低、可靠性差等问题,提出一种基于因子图消元优化的激光雷达、视觉和IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)融合SLAM算法(Multi Factor Graph fusion SLAM with IMU as the Dominant system,ID-MFG-SLAM).首先,采用多因子图模型,提出以IMU为主系统,视觉与激光雷达为辅系统,通过引入辅系统观测因子约束IMU偏差,并接收IMU里程计因子实现运动预测与融合的全新结构.之后,为降低融合后的优化成本,加入滑窗机制并设计基于Householder变换的QR分解消元法将因子图转换为贝叶斯网络.最后,引入一种球面线性插值与线性插值之间的自适应插值算法,将激光雷达点云投影到单位球体上实现视觉特征点深度估计.实验结果表明,相比其他经典算法,该方法在复杂大、小场景中绝对轨迹误差分别可达到约0.68 m和0.24 m,具有更高的精度和可靠性.展开更多
Based on the high positioning accuracy,low cost and low-power consumption,the ultra-wide-band(UWB)is an ideal solution for indoor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)localization and navigation.However,the UWB signals are eas...Based on the high positioning accuracy,low cost and low-power consumption,the ultra-wide-band(UWB)is an ideal solution for indoor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)localization and navigation.However,the UWB signals are easy to be blocked or reflected by obstacles such as walls and furniture.A resilient tightly-coupled inertial navigation system(INS)/UWB integration is proposed and implemented for indoor UAV navigation in this paper.A factor graph optimization(FGO)method enhanced by resilient stochastic model is established to cope with the indoor challenging scenarios.To deal with the impact of UWB non-line-of-sight(NLOS)signals and noise uncertainty,the conventional neural net-works(CNNs)are introduced into the stochastic modelling to improve the resilience and reliability of the integration.Based on the status that the UWB features are limited,a‘two-phase'CNNs structure was designed and implemented:one for signal classification and the other one for measurement noise prediction.The proposed resilient FGO method is tested on flighting UAV platform under actual indoor challenging scenario.Compared to classical FGO method,the overall positioning errors can be decreased from about 0.60 m to centimeter-level under signal block and reflection scenarios.The superiority of resilient FGO which effectively verified in constrained environment is pretty important for positioning accuracy and integrity for indoor navigation task.展开更多
文摘多传感器建图与定位SLAM系统(simultaneous localization and mapping)在室外长距离跨度环境中,由于各传感器信息融合不正确、特征匹配错误,或传感器状态信息不可信,导致建图精度不足,轨迹漂移甚至建图崩溃。对此,提出一种基于因子图优化的多传感器信息紧耦合算法(tightly-coupled lidar-visual-inertial odometry via smoothing,mapping and DBSCAN,LVI-SMAD),将前端点云和视觉信息联合的聚类结果作为因子图优化约束,以一种较低帧的约束形式加入到较高帧的点云地图输出中,加强了点云与视觉信息的紧耦合,解决了激光雷达与相机间信息匹配错误的问题,同时将该约束作为某一传感器信息不可信时的约束补充,减小了传感器信息不稳定情况下的定位漂移,提高了算法一致性。实验证明,在低坡度长跨度的工作环境中,LVI-SMAD与LVI-SAM对比,绝对轨迹误差降低了39.90%,与LIO-SAM对比降低了63.09%;在高坡度工作环境中,与LVI-SAM对比,绝对轨迹误差减少41.08%,与LIO-SAM对比减少64.87%,证明了算法的有效性与可行性。
文摘针对单一传感器SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping)技术在复杂环境中存在精度低、可靠性差等问题,提出一种基于因子图消元优化的激光雷达、视觉和IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)融合SLAM算法(Multi Factor Graph fusion SLAM with IMU as the Dominant system,ID-MFG-SLAM).首先,采用多因子图模型,提出以IMU为主系统,视觉与激光雷达为辅系统,通过引入辅系统观测因子约束IMU偏差,并接收IMU里程计因子实现运动预测与融合的全新结构.之后,为降低融合后的优化成本,加入滑窗机制并设计基于Householder变换的QR分解消元法将因子图转换为贝叶斯网络.最后,引入一种球面线性插值与线性插值之间的自适应插值算法,将激光雷达点云投影到单位球体上实现视觉特征点深度估计.实验结果表明,相比其他经典算法,该方法在复杂大、小场景中绝对轨迹误差分别可达到约0.68 m和0.24 m,具有更高的精度和可靠性.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62203111)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University(Grant No.21P01)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology,Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.SEU-MIAN-202101)to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘Based on the high positioning accuracy,low cost and low-power consumption,the ultra-wide-band(UWB)is an ideal solution for indoor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)localization and navigation.However,the UWB signals are easy to be blocked or reflected by obstacles such as walls and furniture.A resilient tightly-coupled inertial navigation system(INS)/UWB integration is proposed and implemented for indoor UAV navigation in this paper.A factor graph optimization(FGO)method enhanced by resilient stochastic model is established to cope with the indoor challenging scenarios.To deal with the impact of UWB non-line-of-sight(NLOS)signals and noise uncertainty,the conventional neural net-works(CNNs)are introduced into the stochastic modelling to improve the resilience and reliability of the integration.Based on the status that the UWB features are limited,a‘two-phase'CNNs structure was designed and implemented:one for signal classification and the other one for measurement noise prediction.The proposed resilient FGO method is tested on flighting UAV platform under actual indoor challenging scenario.Compared to classical FGO method,the overall positioning errors can be decreased from about 0.60 m to centimeter-level under signal block and reflection scenarios.The superiority of resilient FGO which effectively verified in constrained environment is pretty important for positioning accuracy and integrity for indoor navigation task.
