Retrieval Single-Doppler Radar Wind with Variational Assimilation Method-Part I: Objective Selection of Functional Weighting Factors

In variational problem, the selection of functional weighting factors (FWF) is one of the key points for discussing many relevant studies. To overcome arbitrariness and subjectivity of the empirical selecting methods used widely at present, this paper tries to put forward an optimal objective selecting method of FWF. The focus of the study is on the weighting factors optimal selection in the variation retrieval single-Doppler radar wind field with the simple adjoint models. Weighting factors in the meaning of minimal variance are calculated out with the matrix theory and the finite difference method of partial differential equation. Experiments show that the result is more objective comparing with the factors obtained with the empirical method.

Adjuvant radiochemotherapy for gastric cancer:should weuse prognostic factors to select patients?

Radiotherapy has a not well-established role in the pre-operative and in the post-operative setting in gastric cancer(GC) patients. Randomized trials report controversial outcomes and impact on survival. In the D2 loco-regional node resection era, after a wellperformed radical surgery, local treatment using radiotherapy combined to chemotherapy should be considered for locally advanced GC. Prognostic factors could help the better selection of subgroups that present high risk of loco-regional recurrence. Then, the addition of radiotherapy could improve the diseasefree survival and also quality of life. There are no large prospective studies that have assessed specific factors predicting for recurrence or survival, but only retrospective series, some of them including high number of patients with homogeneous characteristics. In locally advanced GC adding radiotherapy to the postoperative chemotherapy seems to improve outcomes and quality of life. Prognostic factors such as T-stage, N-status, nodal ratio, and other histological factors should be considered to submit patients to postoperative combined treatment. Larger prospective series are necessary to investigate the role of combined chemoradiation after radical D2-resection, especially in locally advanced GC. Further prospective investigations are needed to suggest prognostic factors that have significant impact on survival and recurrence, improving the management and outcomes, particularly in locally advanced GC patients.

Selection Factors for Market Subjects of Agricultural Industrial Development

The paper firstly analyzes selection factors for market subjects of agricultural industrial development in China. From the political aspect, it is required to take account of features of subjects of agricultural industrial development at current stage. From economic aspects, we should adheres to the two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management in the countryside, and cultivate and foster subject enterprises according to features of most important market subjects in market economy. From natural aspects, it is proposed to consider features of agricultural industry and inherent advantages of agricultural resources in China. From social aspects, it is essential to draw on successful experience of developed countries in developing market subjects of agricultural industry.

Backflow of Migrant Workers in Urbanization: Place Selection and Influencing Factors

Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng,Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors were discussed. The study indicated that in backflow migrant workers,43. 16% returned to counties and towns,while 56. 84% returned to rural areas. Place selection was significantly influenced by years of migrant work,training,times of migration,migration distance,age,land area in hometown,and living preference.

Selective deletion of the soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 isoform in vivo prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss in mice

Neutralizing CSF1 in vivo completely prevents ovariectomy （OVX）-induced bone loss in mice. There are two isoforms of CSF1, soluble （sCSF1）, and membrane-bound （mCSF1）, but their individual biological functions are unclear. It had been previously reported that mCSF1 knockout （K/O） and wild type （Wt） female mice experience the same degree of bone loss following OVX. In Wt mice the expression of sCSF1 was elevated fourfold in skeletal tissue following OVX while expression of mCSF1 was unchanged. To examine the role of sCSF1 in OVX-induced bone loss, mice were engineered in which sCSF1 was not expressed but expression of mCSF1 was unaffected （sCSF1 K/O）. Isoform-specific reverse transcription PCR confirmed the absence of transcripts for sCSF1 in bone tissue isolated from these animals and no circulating CSF1 was detected by ELISA. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density （BMD） between sCSF1 K/O mice and Wt controls as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. However, one month after OVX, femoral, spinal and total BMD had declined by 11.2%, 8.9%, and 8.7% respectively in OVX-Wt animals as compared to Sham-OVX. In contrast OVX sCSF1 K/O mice showed changes of ＋0.1%, - 2.4%, and ＋2.3% at the same 3 sites compared to Sham-OVX sCSF1 K/O mice. These data indicate important non-redundant functions for the two isoforms of CSF1 and suggest that sCSF1, but not mCSF1, plays a key role in estrogen-deficiency bone loss.

Factor-graph-based iterative channel estimation and signal detection algorithm over time-varying frequency-selective fading channels

The problem of soft-input so,output （ SISO ） detection for time-varying frequency-selec- tive fading channels is considered. Based on a suitably-designed factor graph and the sum-product al- gorithm, a low-complexity iterative message passing scheme is proposed for joint channel estima- tion, equalization and decoding. Two kinds of schedules （parallel and serial） are adopted in message updates to produce two algorithms with different latency. The computational complexity per iteration of the proposed algorithms grows only linearly with the channel length, which is a significantly de- crease compared to the optimal maximum a posteriori （MAP） detection with the exponential com- plexity. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of bit error rate performance.

丹参素对CD11b、P-selectin、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E-selectin表达的影响

目的 考察丹参素对血小板、白细胞和血管内皮细胞表达细胞粘附分子CD11b、P selectin、ICAM 1、VCAM 1、E selectin的影响 ,以期探明其抗血栓形成作用的机制。方法 用流式细胞仪测定由TNFα、fMLP和凝血酶诱导细胞表面细胞粘附分子的表达。结果 人粒细胞受到fMLP刺激后 ,细胞表面CD11b表达明显增加。丹参素与粒细胞预孵30min后 ,则剂量依赖性地抑制CD11b的表达。血小板与凝血酶 (1× 10 3U·L-1)共孵 2 0min ,可明显增加血小板表面P selectin的表达。丹参素 (10 0～ 30 0mg·L-1)与血小板预孵 30min ,对凝血酶诱导的血小板表面P selectin的表达未见明显抑制作用。人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC)经TNFα处理后 ,明显增加细胞表面ICAM 1、VCAM 1和E selectin的表达 ,不同浓度的丹参素与HUVEC预孵 2h ,对TNFα诱导HUVEC表面ICAM 1的表达未见明显抑制作用 ,对TNFα诱导的VCAM 1、E selectin表达则可产生明显的抑制作用。结论 丹参素可抑制血管内皮细胞和粒细胞表达细胞粘附分子。这可能是丹参素发挥抗血栓形成作用的机制之一。

考虑人口分布和天气影响的溃坝洪水应急避难选址研究

针对现有选址研究对人口分布差异考虑不充分,以及选址方案难以满足溃坝洪水灾害发生时人口避难需求的问题,可利用土地类型和夜间灯光遥感数据进行人口分布模拟,结合溃坝洪水模拟结果确定受灾人数及分布情况,在筛选合格候选避难场所的基础上,分析量化其在正常天气和极端降雨天气下的有效容量和可达性信息;综合考虑人口转移效率、建设成本、避难场所容量限制等因素构建多目标选址模型,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解得到最终的选址方案。将该方法应用于安徽省合肥市大房郢水库溃坝避难模拟,结果表明:下游35个街道的人口模拟整体平均相对误差为11.16%,拟合精度较高,可真实反映人口的分布情况;正常天气情景筛选得到合格的候选避难场所数量为352个,极端降雨天气下保留的避难场所数量为266个。人口分布和天气因素对避难场所的选择有显著影响。

急性脑梗死患者血清E-selection、ICAM-1、vWF的表达及临床研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血浆中E-选择素(E-selection)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)、vonWillebrand因子(vWF)的表达特点和临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测36例ACI患者血浆中sE-selection、可溶性血浆中细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)和vWF的水平。结果在ACI患者发病24小时内,sE-selection为(57.11±7.31)ng/ml、sICAM-1为(264.35±30.98)ng/ml、vWF为(179.36±23.68)%,水平明显增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论 (1)ACI患者早期存在内皮细胞损伤和血小板活化;(2)E-selection、sICAM-1,和vWF与ACI的发生发展及临床严重程度密切相关。

海上风电场选址研究及未来发展前景

[目的]在“碳中和”的时代背景下,对新能源的开发受到更多国家和区域的关注。海上风电场以丰富的风资源为基础,近年来得到政府的大力开发。掌握海上风电场的研究进展对后期发展新能源具有一定意义。[方法]对Web of Science核心数据库中海上风电场选址相关文献进行检索,基于1177篇检索结果利用CiteSpace软件进行文献分析。[结果]研究结果表明:美国、中国和英国对海上风电场相关研究较为重视,近年来的发文量增长较快。在1997-2010年间,对海上风能、波浪能等资源评估研究较多,以此作为海上风电场宏观选址基础;2011-2020年,对海上风电场微观布局更加重视;2021年至今海上风电场的可持续发展成为研究重点。[结论]整体来看,风资源的分布、海底构造的变化和海洋地质灾害的发生以及政策的发布均会影响海上风电场场址的选择。随着浅海风电场技术的成熟,未来海上风电场逐渐向深海开发,进一步推动漂浮式海上风电基础的发展。除此之外,海上风电场与海上油气开发以及海洋养殖等更多海上项目的合作发展将会得到更多的研究和关注。

Multi-Domain Collaborative Recommendation with Feature Selection

Collaborative f iltering, as one of the most popular techniques, plays an important role in recommendation systems. However,when the user-item rating matrix is sparse,its performance will be degenerate. Recently,domain-specific recommendation approaches have been developed to address this problem.The basic idea is to partition the users and items into overlapping domains, and then perform recommendation in each domain independently. Here, a domain means a group of users having similar preference to a group of products. However, these domain-specific methods consisting of two sequential steps ignore the mutual benefi t of domain segmentation and recommendation. Hence, a unified framework is presented to simultaneously realize recommendation and make use of the domain information underlying the rating matrix in this paper. Based on matrix factorization,the proposed model learns both user preferences of multiple domains and preference selection vectors to select relevant features for each group of products. Besides, local context information is utilized from the user-item rating matrix to enhance the new framework.Experimental results on two widely used datasets, e.g., Ciao and Epinions, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.

原发性肝癌患者手术前后血清SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF检测的临床意义

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者手术前后血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-Ⅰ(SICAM-1)、L-选择素(L-Se-lection)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化。方法采用双抗体夹心法(ELISA)对35例原发性肝癌患者进行手术前后血清SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF测定,并与30名正常健康人作比较。结果手术前血清SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01)。手术后6个月,复发者血清SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF水平持续异常;未复发者SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF水平恢复正常。结论观察原发性肝癌患者血清SICAM-1、L-Selection和VEGF水平的变化与原发性肝癌患者的病情和预后密切相关。

Correlation between Climatic Factors and Genetic Diversity of Phrynocephalus forsythii

Global climate change is a threat to animals in nearly all biomes and ecosystems, especially for ectotherm whose life activities highly depend on environmental thermal regime. Population genetic diversity which is essential for adaptation to environmental change is a useful index for long-term species survival. In this paper, genetic diversity of eight Phrynocephalus forsythii population which distributed in Tarim Basin, China, were evaluated based on three mtDNA gene and its correlation with environment factors were investigated using RDA. Our result revealed that, the level of genetic diversity of P. forsythii populations was related to its location but there was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances in P. forsythii. However, we find that mtDNA of P. forsythii was subjected to selection pressure during evolution and population genetic diversity was significantly positively related to variation coefficient of rainfall(VCR) and altitude(AL), while significantly negatively related to longitude(N) and annual average temperature(AAT). Our result supported the previous prediction that excessive ambient heat is a threat to P. forsythii.

Nest-site selection pattern of Grus japonensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve of northeast China

Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices：the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats（such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts） can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps（93.15%） are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors：fire,security（concealment /disturbance）,incubation（conditions,nest-material）,and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.

Design of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Imprinted Polymer with High Specificity and Selectivity

A widely used herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was imprinted on poly (4-vinylpyridine) (4-VP) using (40%) ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. The classical imprinting technology makes use of a high degree of crosslinking which does not allow the template molecules to move freely. So the binding sites, located in the central area of the three dimensional polymer matrix are hard to be accessed and the template molecules cannot be extracted totally. But here we propose a low crosslinked system with high specificity and selectivity. The imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The extent of binding was followed by batch equilibration method and compared with the respective non-imprinted polymer. Conditions for maximum specific rebinding were set by altering certain factors like template/monomer ratio, concentration of template solution, rebinding medium, mass of polymer and time of incubation. The selectivity of the imprinted polymer was investigated by comparing the binding with structural analogues of 2,4-D like, phenoxyacetic acid (POA), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPOA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). The imprinted polymer exhibited high affinity towards the template molecule and was selectively rebound to the specific sites. The binding towards the structural analogues depends on the number of chlorine in the benzene ring.

Optimization method of conditioning factors selection and combination for landslide susceptibility prediction

Landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)is significantly affected by the uncertainty issue of landslide related conditioning factor selection.However,most of literature only performs comparative studies on a certain conditioning factor selection method rather than systematically study this uncertainty issue.Targeted,this study aims to systematically explore the influence rules of various commonly used conditioning factor selection methods on LSP,and on this basis to innovatively propose a principle with universal application for optimal selection of conditioning factors.An'yuan County in southern China is taken as example considering 431 landslides and 29 types of conditioning factors.Five commonly used factor selection methods,namely,the correlation analysis(CA),linear regression(LR),principal component analysis(PCA),rough set(RS)and artificial neural network(ANN),are applied to select the optimal factor combinations from the original 29 conditioning factors.The factor selection results are then used as inputs of four types of common machine learning models to construct 20 types of combined models,such as CA-multilayer perceptron,CA-random forest.Additionally,multifactor-based multilayer perceptron random forest models that selecting conditioning factors based on the proposed principle of“accurate data,rich types,clear significance,feasible operation and avoiding duplication”are constructed for comparisons.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are evaluated by the accuracy,susceptibility index distribution,etc.Results show that:(1)multifactor-based models have generally higher LSP performance and lower uncertainties than those of factors selection-based models;(2)Influence degree of different machine learning on LSP accuracy is greater than that of different factor selection methods.Conclusively,the above commonly used conditioning factor selection methods are not ideal for improving LSP performance and may complicate the LSP processes.In contrast,a satisfied combination of conditioning factors can be constructed according to the proposed principle.

A Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for the Selection of Low-Cost Green Building Materials and Components

The necessity of having an effective computer-aided decision support system in the housing construction industry is rapidly growing alongside the demand for green buildings and green building products. Identifying and defining financially viable low-cost green building materials and components, just like selecting them, is a crucial exercise in subjectivity. With so many variables to consider, the task of evaluating such products can be complex and discouraging. Moreover, the existing mode for selecting and managing, often very large information associated with their impacts constrains decision-makers to perform a trade-off analysis that does not necessarily guarantee the most environmentally preferable material. This paper introduces the development of a multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) aimed at improving the understanding of the principles of best practices associated with the impacts of low-cost green building materials and components. The DSS presented in this paper is to provide designers with useful and explicit information that will aid informed decision-making in their choice of materials for low-cost green residential housing projects. The prototype MSDSS is developed using macro-in-excel, which is a fairly recent database management technique used for integrating data from multiple, often very large databases and other information sources. This model consists of a database to store different types of low-cost green materials with their corresponding attributes and performance characteristics. The DSS design is illustrated with particular emphasis on the development of the material selection data schema, and application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concept to a material selection problem. Details of the MSDSS model are also discussed including workflow of the data evaluation process. The prototype model has been developed with inputs elicited from domain experts and extensive literature review, and refined with feedback obtained from selected expert builder and developer companies. This paper further demonstrates the application of the prototype MSDSS for selecting the most appropriate low-cost green building material from among a list of several available options, and finally concludes the study with the associated potential benefits of the model to research and practice.

Variance Inflation Factor: As a Condition for the Inclusion of Suppressor Variable(s) in Regression Analysis

Suppression effect in multiple regression analysis may be more common in research than what is currently recognized. We have reviewed several literatures of interest which treats the concept and types of suppressor variables. Also, we have highlighted systematic ways to identify suppression effect in multiple regressions using statistics such as: R2, sum of squares, regression weight and comparing zero-order correlations with Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) respectively. We also establish that suppression effect is a function of multicollinearity;however, a suppressor variable should only be allowed in a regression analysis if its VIF is less than five (5).

Nest Site Selection of Loggerhead and Leatherback Sea Turtles at the Eastern Coast of Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Nest site selection represents an important reproductive strategy for sea turtles as it can strongly affect the development and survival of the offsprings and the reproductive fitness of the adults. In this study we analyzed the nest site selection of loggerhead and leatherback turtles and the factors correlated with that selection at Inhaca Island. The spatial position of the nests was recorded during sea turtles nests monitoring and six nesting seasons were used. Satellite images of Inhaca were used to characterize some of the beach features that might be correlated with nest site selection. Nest distribution analysis revealed that loggerhead turtles tend to spread their nests along the entire beach, but a higher aggregation of nests was evident at the northern most section of the eastern coast. Leatherback turtles tend to nest in a restricted area, with approximately 40% nests at the central sections of the coast. Beach height was the physical variable significantly correlated to loggerhead＇s nest density （r = 0.309, N = 125, P 〈 0.01） while fin grain particles （specifically 0.125 mm grain size particles） （r = 0.399, N = 125, P 〈 0.01） and organic content （r = 0.218, N = 125, P 〈 0.05） were the variables significantly correlated to leatherback＇s nest density. No other factors investigated affected nest site selection of either species.

Nest site selection of white-naped crane(Grus vipio) at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang, China

White-naped crane （Grus vipio） is a globally threatened spe- cies. It is very important to analyze its nest site selection in circum- stances where there are multiple disturbances, and also helpful to accu- mulate valuable information about this threatened species and supply scientific suggestions for conservation and management. We studied nest site selection and the effects of environmental variables on nesting habits of white-naped crane at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Qiqihar City, Heilongiiang, China, during March-May of 2002-2008. White-naped crane responded and adapted to changes in the quality of the spatial environments of landscape and microhabitat under multiple environ- mental disturbances. Nest site selection included two scales and two choices, namely the choice of nest site habitat type within the macro-habitat scale and nest site micro-habitat selection within the mi- cro-habitat scale. Nest sites were recorded only in reed marshes. The choice of nest site micro-habitat included three basic elements and six factors, namely incubation element （nest parameters factor, incubation temperature factor and incubation humidity factor）, safety element （pro- tection factor and concealment factor）, and food element （water factor）. Water, remnant reed clusters, and fire were major resource management challenges during the breeding period for the white-naped crane in this Reserve.