Functions of nuclear factor Y in nervous system development,function and health

Nuclear factor Y is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric transcription factor complex conserved across eukaryotes that binds to CCAAT boxes,one of the most common motifs found in gene promoters and enhancers.Over the last 30 years,research has revealed that the nuclear factor Y complex controls many aspects of brain development,including differentiation,axon guidance,homeostasis,disease,and most recently regeneration.However,a complete understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks,including how the nuclear factor Y complex binds to specific CCAAT boxes to perform its function remains elusive.In this review,we explore the nuclear factor Y complex’s role and mode of action during brain development,as well as how genomic technologies may expand understanding of this key regulator of gene expression.

Recovery of the injured neural system through gene delivery to surviving neurons in Parkinson’s disease

A critical unaddressed problem in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of therapy that slows or hampers neurodegeneration.While medications effectively manage symptoms,they offer no long-term benefit because they fail to address the underlying neuronal loss.This highlights that the elusive goals of halting progression and restoring damaged neurons limit the long-term impact of current approaches.Recent clinical trials using gene therapy have demonstrated the safety of various vector delivery systems,dosages,and transgenes expressed in the central nervous system,signifying tangible and substantial progress in applying gene therapy as a promising Parkinson’s disease treatment.Intriguingly,at diagnosis,many dopamine neurons remain in the substantia nigra,offering a potential window for recovery and survival.We propose that modulating these surviving dopamine neurons and axons in the substantia nigra and striatum using gene therapy offers a potentially more impactful therapeutic approach for future research.Moreover,innovative gene therapies that focus on preserving the remaining elements may have significant potential for enhancing long-term outcomes and the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we provide a perspective on how gene therapy can protect vulnerable elements in the substantia nigra and striatum,offering a novel approach to addressing Parkinson’s disease at its core.

Plasma circulating cell–free DNA integrity and relative telomere length as diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy:a cross-sectional study

In clinical specialties focusing on neurological disorders,there is a need for comprehensive and integrated non-invasive,sensitive,and specific testing methods.Both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy are classified asα-synucleinopathies,characterized by abnormal accumulation ofα-synuclein protein,which provides a shared pathological background for their comparative study.In addition,both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy involve neuronal death,a process that may release circulating cell–free DNA(cfDNA)into the bloodstream,leading to specific alterations.This premise formed the basis for investigating cell–free DNA as a potential biomarker.Cellfree DNA has garnered attention for its potential pathological significance,yet its characteristics in the context of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy are not fully understood.This study investigated the total concentration,nonapoptotic level,integrity,and cellfree DNA relative telomere length of cell-free DNA in the peripheral blood of 171 participants,comprising 76 normal controls,62 patients with Parkinson's disease,and 33 patients with multiple system atrophy.In our cohort,75.8%of patients with Parkinson's disease(stage 1–2 of Hoehn&Yahr)and 60.6%of patients with multiple system atrophy(disease duration less than 3 years)were in the early stages.The diagnostic potential of the cell-free DNA parameters was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis,and their association with disease prevalence was examined through logistic regression models,adjusting for confounders such as age,sex,body mass index,and education level.The results showed that cell-free DNA integrity was significantly elevated in both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy patients compared with normal controls(P<0.001 for both groups),whereas cell-free DNA relative telomere length was markedly shorter(P=0.003 for Parkinson's disease and P=0.010 for multiple system atrophy).Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that both cell-free DNA integrity and cell-free DNA relative telomere length possessed good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy from normal controls.Specifically,higher cell-free DNA integrity was associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease(odds ratio[OR]:5.72;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.54–24.19)and multiple system atrophy(OR:10.10;95%CI:1.55–122.98).Conversely,longer cell-free DNA relative telomere length was linked to reduced risk of Parkinson's disease(OR:0.16;95%CI:0.04–0.54)and multiple system atrophy(OR:0.10;95%CI:0.01–0.57).These findings suggest that cell-free DNA integrity and cellfree DNA relative telomere length may serve as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy,potentially reflecting specific underlying pathophysiological processes of these neurodegenerative disorders.

Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm

In order to protect copyright of digital images,a new robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on chaotic system and QR factorization was proposed.The host images were firstly divided into blocks with same size,then QR factorization was performed on each block.Pseudorandom circular chain(PCC) generated by logistic mapping(LM) was applied to select the embedding blocks for enhancing the security of the scheme.The first column coefficients in Q matrix of chosen blocks were modified to embed watermarks without causing noticeable artifacts.Watermark extraction procedure was performed without the original cover image.The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked images have good visual quality and this scheme is better than the existing techniques,especially when the image is attacked by cropping,noise pollution and so on.Analysis and discussion on robustness and security issues were also presented.

Robust Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Feedback Systems Using Operator-based Right Coprime Factorization

The robust control issue for uncertain nonlinear system is discussed by using the method of right coprime factorization. As it is difficult to obtain the inverse of the right factor due to the high nonlinearity, the proving of the Bezout identity becomes troublesome. Therefore, two sufficient conditions are derived to manage this problem with the nonlinear feedback system as well as that with the uncertain nonlinear feedback system under the definition of Lipschitz norm. A simulation of temperature control is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases:the effect of cytokine regulation

Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.

Health risk assessment of trace metal(loid)s in agricultural soils based on Monte Carlo simulation coupled with positive matrix factorization model in Chongqing, southwest China

This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.

Best performance analysis for stochastic perturbation systems with spectral factorization

We investigate the best performance for linear feedback control systems in the case that plant uncertainty is to be considered. First, we define an average integral square criterion of tracking error over a class of stochastic model errors. By utilizing spectral factorization to minimize the performance index, we derive an optimal controller design method and further study best performance in the presence of stochastic perturbation. The results can be used to evaluate optimal performance in practical control system designs.

Regulatory potential of soil available carbon,nitrogen,and functional genes on N_(2)O emissions in two upland plantation systems

Dynamic nitrification and denitrification processes are affected by changes in soil redox conditions,and they play a vital role in regulating soil N_(2)O emissions in rice-based cultivation.It is imperative to understand the influences of different upland crop planting systems on soil N_(2)O emissions.In this study,we focused on two representative rotation systems in Central China:rapeseed–rice(RR)and wheat–rice(WR).We examined the biotic and abiotic processes underlying the impacts of these upland plantings on soil N_(2)O emissions.The results revealed that during the rapeseed-cultivated seasons in the RR rotation system,the average N_(2)O emissions were 1.24±0.20 and 0.81±0.11 kg N ha^(–1)for the first and second seasons,respectively.These values were comparable to the N_(2)O emissions observed during the first and second wheat-cultivated seasons in the WR rotation system(0.98±0.25 and 0.70±0.04 kg N ha^(–1),respectively).This suggests that upland cultivation has minimal impacts on soil N_(2)O emissions in the two rotation systems.Strong positive correlations were found between N_(2)O fluxes and soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC)to NO_(3)^(–)in both RR and WR rotation systems.Moreover,the presence of the AOA-amoA and nirK genes were positively associated with soil N_(2)O fluxes in the RR and WR systems,respectively.This implies that these genes may have different potential roles in facilitating microbial N_(2)O production in various upland plantation models.By using a structural equation model,we found that soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA gene accounted for over 50%of the effects on N_(2)O emissions in the RR rotation system.In the WR rotation system,soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA and nirK genes had a combined impact of over 70%on N_(2)O emissions.These findings demonstrate the interactive effects of functional genes and soil factors,including soil physical characteristics,available carbon and nitrogen,and their ratio,on soil N_(2)O emissions during upland cultivation seasons under rice-upland rotations.

A Fast LDL-factorization Approach for Large Sparse Positive Definite System and Its Application to One-to-one Marketing Optimization Computation

LDL-factorization is an efficient way of solving Ax = b for a large symmetric positive definite sparse matrix A. This paper presents a new method that further improves the efficiency of LDL-factorization. It is based on the theory of elimination trees for the factorization factor. It breaks the computations involved in LDL-factorization down into two stages： 1） the pattern of nonzero entries of the factor is predicted, and 2） the numerical values of the nonzero entries of the factor are computed. The factor is stored using the form of an elimination tree so as to reduce memory usage and avoid unnecessary numerical operations. The calculation results for some typical numerical examples demonstrate that this method provides a significantly higher calculation efficiency for the one-to-one marketing optimization algorithm.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt:A promising therapy for recompensation in cirrhotic patients

This is a retrospective study focused on recompensation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)procedure.The authors confirmed TIPS could be a treatment for recompensation of patients with cirrhosis according to Baveno VII.The paper identified age and post-TIPS portal pressure gradient as independent predictors of recompensation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis after TIPS.These results need to be validated in a larger prospective cohort.

Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review

In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.

Systematic review of risk factors,prognosis,and management of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma(CSRCC)is a rare clinical entity which accounts for approximately 1%of all colorectal cancers.Although multiple studies concerning this specific topic have been published in the past decades,the pathogenesis,associated risk factors,and potential implications on treatment are still poorly understood.Besides the low incidence,historically confusing histological criteria have resulted in confusing data.Nevertheless,the rising incidence of CSRCC along with relatively young age at presentation and associated dismal prognosis,highlight the actual interest to synthesize the known literature regarding CSRCC.AIM To provide an updated overview of risk factors,prognosis,and management of CSRCC.METHODS A literature search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted with the following search terms used:‘Signet ring cell carcinoma’and‘colorectal’.Studies in English language,published after January 1980,were included.Studies included in the qualitative synthesis were evaluated for content concerning epidemiology,risk factors,and clinical,diagnostic,histological,and molecular features,as well as metastatic pattern and therapeutic management.If possible,presented data was extracted in order to present a more detailed overview of the literature.RESULTS In total,67 articles were included for qualitative analysis,of which 54 were eligible for detailed data extraction.CSRCC has a reported incidence between 0.1%-2.4%and frequently presents with advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis.CSRCC is associated with an impaired overall survival(5-year OS:0%-46%)and a worse stagecorrected outcome compared to mucinous and not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma.The systematic use of exploratory laparoscopy to determine the presence of peritoneal metastases has been advised.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment,although the rates of curative resection in CSRCC(21%-82%)are lower compared to those in other histological types.In case of peritoneal metastasis,cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy should only be proposed in selected patients.CONCLUSION CSRCC is a rare clinical entity most often characterized by young age and advanced disease at presentation.As such,diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approach should be tailored accordingly.

Systemic immune-inflammation index combined with pediatric appendicitis score in assessing the severity and prognosis for paediatric appendicitis

BACKGROUND Pediatric appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain in children and is recognized as a significant surgical emergency.A prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent complications such as perforation and peritonitis.AIM To investigate the predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)combined with the pediatric appendicitis score(PAS)for the assessment of disease severity and surgical outcomes in children aged 5 years and older with appendicitis.METHODS Clinical data of 104 children diagnosed with acute appendicitis were analyzed.The participants were categorized into the acute appendicitis group and chronic appendicitis group based on disease presentation and further stratified into the good prognosis group and poor prognosis group based on prognosis.The SII and PAS were measured,and a joint model using the combined SII and PAS was constructed to predict disease severity and surgical outcomes.RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the SII and PAS parameters between the acute appendicitis group and chronic appendicitis group.Correlation analysis showed associations among the SII,PAS,and disease severity,with the combined SII and PAS model demonstrating significant predictive value for assessing disease severity[aera under the curve(AUC)=0.914]and predicting surgical outcomes(AUC=0.857)in children aged 5 years and older with appendicitis.CONCLUSION The study findings support the potential of integrating the SII with the PAS for assessing disease severity and predicting surgical outcomes in pediatric appendicitis,indicating the clinical utility of the combined SII and PAS model in guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing surgical management strategies for pediatric patients with appendicitis.

Systematic treatment in gastric cancer patients with overt bleeding:A propensity score matching analysis

BACKGROUND Hemorrhage,which is not a rare complication in patients with gastric cancer(GC)/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC),can lead to a poor prognosis.However,no study has examined the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy as an initial therapy for GC/GEJC patients with overt bleeding(OB).AIM To investigate the impact of OB on the survival and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of GC/GEJC patients.METHODS Patients with advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC who received systematic treatment at Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled in this study.Propensity score matching(PSM)analysis was performed.RESULTS After 1:2 PSM analysis,93 patients were assessed,including 32 patients with OB before treatment(OBBT)and 61 patients without OBBT.The disease control rate was 90.6%in the group with OBBT and 88.5%in the group without OBBT,and this difference was not statistically significant.There was no difference in the incidence of TRAEs between the group with OBBT and the group without OBBT.The median overall survival(mOS)was 15.2 months for patients with OBBT and 23.7 months for those without OBBT[hazard ratio(HR)=1.101,95%confidence interval(CI):0.672-1.804,log rank P=0.701].The mOS was worse for patients with OB after treatment(OBAT)than for those without OBAT(11.4 months vs 23.7 months,HR=1.787,95%CI:1.006-3.175,log rank P=0.044).CONCLUSION The mOS for GC/GEJC patients with OBBT was similar to that for those without OBBT,but the mOS for patients with OBAT was worse than that for those without OBAT.

NFA:A neural factorization autoencoder based online telephony fraud detection

The proliferation of internet communication channels has increased telecom fraud,causing billions of euros in losses for customers and the industry each year.Fraudsters constantly find new ways to engage in illegal activity on the network.To reduce these losses,a new fraud detection approach is required.Telecom fraud detection involves identifying a small number of fraudulent calls from a vast amount of call traffic.Developing an effective strategy to combat fraud has become challenging.Although much effort has been made to detect fraud,most existing methods are designed for batch processing,not real-time detection.To solve this problem,we propose an online fraud detection model using a Neural Factorization Autoencoder(NFA),which analyzes customer calling patterns to detect fraudulent calls.The model employs Neural Factorization Machines(NFM)and an Autoencoder(AE)to model calling patterns and a memory module to adapt to changing customer behaviour.We evaluate our approach on a large dataset of real-world call detail records and compare it with several state-of-the-art methods.Our results show that our approach outperforms the baselines,with an AUC of 91.06%,a TPR of 91.89%,an FPR of 14.76%,and an F1-score of 95.45%.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting fraud in real-time and suggest that it can be a valuable tool for preventing fraud in telecommunications networks.

Joint Modeling of Citation Networks and User Preferences for Academic Tagging Recommender System

In the tag recommendation task on academic platforms,existing methods disregard users’customized preferences in favor of extracting tags based just on the content of the articles.Besides,it uses co-occurrence techniques and tries to combine nodes’textual content for modelling.They still do not,however,directly simulate many interactions in network learning.In order to address these issues,we present a novel system that more thoroughly integrates user preferences and citation networks into article labelling recommendations.Specifically,we first employ path similarity to quantify the degree of similarity between user labelling preferences and articles in the citation network.Then,the Commuting Matrix for massive node pair paths is used to improve computational performance.Finally,the two commonalities mentioned above are combined with the interaction paper labels based on the additivity of Poisson distribution.In addition,we also consider solving the model’s parameters by applying variational inference.Experimental results demonstrate that our suggested framework agrees and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline on two real datasets by efficiently merging the three relational data.Based on the Area Under Curve(AUC)and Mean Average Precision(MAP)analysis,the performance of the suggested task is evaluated,and it is demonstrated to have a greater solving efficiency than current techniques.

Efficient Clustering Network Based on Matrix Factorization

Contrastive learning is a significant research direction in the field of deep learning.However,existing data augmentation methods often lead to issues such as semantic drift in generated views while the complexity of model pre-training limits further improvement in the performance of existing methods.To address these challenges,we propose the Efficient Clustering Network based on Matrix Factorization(ECN-MF).Specifically,we design a batched low-rank Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)algorithm for data augmentation to eliminate redundant information and uncover major patterns of variation and key information in the data.Additionally,we design a Mutual Information-Enhanced Clustering Module(MI-ECM)to accelerate the training process by leveraging a simple architecture to bring samples from the same cluster closer while pushing samples from other clusters apart.Extensive experiments on six datasets demonstrate that ECN-MF exhibits more effective performance compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.

Information Centric Networking Based Cooperative Caching Framework for 5G Communication Systems

The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content.In light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication,the information-centric network(ICN)paradigm offers hope for a solution by emphasizing content retrieval by name instead of location.If 5G networks are to meet the expected data demand surge from expanded connectivity and Internet of Things(IoT)devices,then effective caching solutions will be required tomaximize network throughput andminimize the use of resources.Hence,an ICN-based Cooperative Caching(ICN-CoC)technique has been used to select a cache by considering cache position,content attractiveness,and rate prediction.The findings show that utilizing our suggested approach improves caching regarding the Cache Hit Ratio(CHR)of 84.3%,Average Hop Minimization Ratio(AHMR)of 89.5%,and Mean Access Latency(MAL)of 0.4 s.Within a framework,it suggests improved caching strategies to handle the difficulty of effectively controlling data consumption in 5G networks.These improvements aim to make the network run more smoothly by enhancing content delivery,decreasing latency,and relieving congestion.By improving 5G communication systems’capacity tomanage the demands faced by modern data-centric applications,the research ultimately aids in advancement.

Risk factors for running-related injuries:An umbrella systematic review

Purpose:This umbrella systematic review(SR) of SRs and meta-analysis seeks to comprehensively synthesize existing literature to identify and consolidate the diverse range of risk factors contributing to running-related injuries(RRIs).Methods:Systematic searches were conducted on June 28,2023,across Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,PubMed,and Cochrane Library.We included SRs,whether accompanied by meta-analyses or not,that focused on investigating risk factors for RRIs within observational studies.The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Ⅱ.To assess the extent of overlap across reviews,the corrected covered area metric was calculated.Results:From 1509 records retrieved,13 SRs were included.The degree of overlap between SRs was low(4%),and quality varied from critically low(n=8) to low(n=5).Two hundred seven outcomes assessed in 148 primary studies were identified as being associated with the occurrence of RRIs.The effect sizes of the associations for which risk measures were reported(n=131) were classified as large(n=30,23%),medium(n=38,29%),small(n=48,37%) or no effect(n=15,11%).Running/training characteristics,health and lifestyle factors,along with morphological and biomechanical aspects,exhibit large effect sizes in increasing the risk for RRIs.Conclusion:Drawing from the outcomes of the low-quality SRs and associations with large effect sizes,our findings indicate that running/training characteristics and health and lifestyle factors,as well as morphological and biomechanical aspects,are all implicated in elevating the risk of RRIs,emphasizing the multifactorial basis of injury incidence in running.Given the low quality and heterogeneity of SR,individual findings warrant cautious interpretation.