From the perspective of wellbeing performance of ecological input,this paper constructs a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation model with wellbeing performance of carbon emissions as the measurement standard,and uses...From the perspective of wellbeing performance of ecological input,this paper constructs a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation model with wellbeing performance of carbon emissions as the measurement standard,and uses the LMDI factor decomposition method to decompose the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness changes into technology effect and service effect.And then it conducts positive analysis and comparison of the low-carbon competitiveness and its effect contribution of G20 countries from1990 to 2018.The results are as follows:Firstly,in 2018,the UK,France,Argentina,Brazil,and Germany had higher low-carbon competitiveness.From 1990 to 2018,the low-carbon competitiveness of the UK,Turkey,Germany,Italy,and Brazil increase rapidly.Secondly,from 1990 to 2018,the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness of G20 member states was all positive,that is to say,the overall wellbeing performance of carbon emissions increased,technology effect and service effect are positive in 17 countries and negative in 2 countries respectively.Thirdly,China's low-carbon competitiveness is low,lacking static and dynamic advantages,although the technology effect is the highest,but the service effect is the lowest,resulting in a low total effect,which indicates that the wellbeing performance of economic growth is the main bottleneck of China's low-carbon development.Finally,the policy recommendations for China's future low-carbon transition and sustainable development are put forward.展开更多
As one of the largest global emitters of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),China faces increasing pressure to achieve sustainable economic and social development.Using panel data of 58 prefecture-level cities in North China betw...As one of the largest global emitters of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),China faces increasing pressure to achieve sustainable economic and social development.Using panel data of 58 prefecture-level cities in North China between 2003 and 2017,this paper considers the dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics of industrial SO_(2) emissions in the"2+26"in North China and extended cities in North China and decomposes the determinants of industrial SO_(2) emissions into eight effects using the Generalized Divisia Index Model(GDIM).The contributions of each effect on changes in emissions are assessed on regional,provincial,and prefectural levels,as well as according to various stages.The results indicate the following.First,industrial SO2 emissions in the"2+26"cities in North China and extended cities in North China exhibit spatial autocorrelation and agglomeration effects.Cities with high-high(HH)and low-low(LL)agglomeration patterns were concentrated in Shanxi and Henan provinces,respectively.Second,industrialization,energy consumption,and economic development were the main factors that increased industrial SO2 emissions,while technology,energy sulfur intensity,and economic sulfur intensity were the key factors that reduced them.Third,13 cities,induding Tangshan,were the most important regions where further emissions regulations need to be implemented.These cities were divided into three types and different corresponding measures for reducing their emissions are suggested.Based on the conclusions of this study,this paper puts forward some targeted policy recommendations for reducing industrial SO_(2) emissions according to different categories of cities.展开更多
China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and struct...China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency.展开更多
Since the Grain for Green(GFG)program was implemented in 1999,most steeply sloping farmlands in the Loess Plateau of China have been returned to forestland and grassland.To understand its impact on the food production...Since the Grain for Green(GFG)program was implemented in 1999,most steeply sloping farmlands in the Loess Plateau of China have been returned to forestland and grassland.To understand its impact on the food production,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of food crop production(FCP)in the plateau and quantified the contribution of sown area and yield changes to the total FCP during 1998–2014 using factor decomposition models,and then discussed the impact of GFG program on the FCP based on literature data.With the implementation of GFG program,total sown area in the Loess Plateau quickly deceased by 17.3%from 1998 to 2003,and then gradually restored to 1.03×107 hm2 in 2010.Thereafter,it slightly decreased to 1.02×107 hm2(94.6%of the area in 1998)in 2014.By contrast,total FCP generally showed an apparent growth trend,averagely increased by 1.71%per year in the whole plateau during 1998–2014.This increase was jointly contributed by the improved yield of individual crops,and the adjustment of cropping structure,i.e.,the expansion of high yield maize crop.The factor decomposition analysis results indicate that the sown area shrinkage only reduced the growth rate of total FCP by 0.29%per year during 1998–2014,although a significant impact was found for the early stage of 1999–2003.The results suggest that the implementation of GFG program would not induce an obvious risk of the food security.Therefore,it is suggested that the GFG program should be set as a long-term strategic policy,by not only supporting the conversion of slope farmlands,but also helping local farmers to seek sustainable ways of land use to improve the income and livelihood.It can be combined with the poverty eradication program,to simultaneously achieve the national goals of ecological civilization building and the livelihood improvement of rural people in the Loess Plateau.Considering rainfall limitation,the conversion of slope farmlands should be prioritized to grasslands.展开更多
[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the refer...[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the reference for the carbon emission reduction in other provinces.[Method] Based on the carbon emissions formula which was put forward by Johan,three factors(the energy structure,energy efficiency and economy development) which affected the carbon emissions during 1996-2009 in Guangdong Province were studied by using Divisia decomposition method of logarithmic mean weight(LMD).[Result] The economy development was the main reason that caused the continuous significant increase of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.The improvement of energy efficiency was the important manner for decreasing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions.The adjustment and optimization of energy consumption structure had the huge potential for reducing the carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.[Conclusion] The carbon emissions in Guangdong Province would continue to increase in the future for a long time.When formulated the development strategy in the future,it needed pay special attention to keep the accord development of economy and environment.展开更多
In this paper, the well-known Cholesky Algorithm (for solving simultaneous linear equations, or SLE) is re-visited, with the ultimate goal of developing a simple, user-friendly, attractive, and useful Java Visualizati...In this paper, the well-known Cholesky Algorithm (for solving simultaneous linear equations, or SLE) is re-visited, with the ultimate goal of developing a simple, user-friendly, attractive, and useful Java Visualization and Animation Graphical User Inter-face (GUI) software as an additional teaching tool for students to learn the Cholesky factorization in a step-by-step fashion with computer voice and animation. A demo video of the Cholesky Decomposition (or factorization) animation and result can be viewed online from the website: http://www.lions.odu.edu/~imako001/cholesky/demo/index.html. The software tool developed from this work can be used for both students and their instructors not only to master this technical subject, but also to provide a dynamic/valuable tool for obtaining the solutions for homework assignments, class examinations, self-assessment studies, and other coursework related activities. Various transportation engineering applications of SLE are cited. Engineering educators who have adopted “flipped classroom instruction” can also utilize this Java Visualization and Animation software for students to “self-learning” these algorithms at their own time (and at their preferable locations), and use valuable class-meeting time for more challenging (real-life) problems’ discussions. Statistical data for comparisons of students’ performance with and without using the developed Java computer animation are also included.展开更多
In this paper we obtain a Douglas type factor decomposition theorem about certain important bounded module maps. Thus, we come to the discussion of the topological continuity of bounded generalized inverse module maps...In this paper we obtain a Douglas type factor decomposition theorem about certain important bounded module maps. Thus, we come to the discussion of the topological continuity of bounded generalized inverse module maps. Let X be a topological space, x →Tx : X→L(E) be a continuous map, and each R(Tx) be a closed submodule in E, for every fixed x C X. Then the map x→ Tx^+: X→L(E) is continuous if and only if ||Tx^+|| is locally bounded, where Tx^+ is the bounded generalized inverse module map of Tx. Furthermore, this is equivalent to the following statement: For each x0 in X, there exists a neighborhood ∪0 at x0 and a positive number λ such that (0, λ^2)lohtatn in ∩x∈∪0C/σ(Tx^+Tx), where a(T) denotes the spectrum of operator T.展开更多
文摘From the perspective of wellbeing performance of ecological input,this paper constructs a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation model with wellbeing performance of carbon emissions as the measurement standard,and uses the LMDI factor decomposition method to decompose the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness changes into technology effect and service effect.And then it conducts positive analysis and comparison of the low-carbon competitiveness and its effect contribution of G20 countries from1990 to 2018.The results are as follows:Firstly,in 2018,the UK,France,Argentina,Brazil,and Germany had higher low-carbon competitiveness.From 1990 to 2018,the low-carbon competitiveness of the UK,Turkey,Germany,Italy,and Brazil increase rapidly.Secondly,from 1990 to 2018,the total effect of low-carbon competitiveness of G20 member states was all positive,that is to say,the overall wellbeing performance of carbon emissions increased,technology effect and service effect are positive in 17 countries and negative in 2 countries respectively.Thirdly,China's low-carbon competitiveness is low,lacking static and dynamic advantages,although the technology effect is the highest,but the service effect is the lowest,resulting in a low total effect,which indicates that the wellbeing performance of economic growth is the main bottleneck of China's low-carbon development.Finally,the policy recommendations for China's future low-carbon transition and sustainable development are put forward.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.72074183,Grant number.71403120]the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education[Grant number.20YJC630104]+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant number.18ZDA052]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant number.JBK2007186].
文摘As one of the largest global emitters of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),China faces increasing pressure to achieve sustainable economic and social development.Using panel data of 58 prefecture-level cities in North China between 2003 and 2017,this paper considers the dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics of industrial SO_(2) emissions in the"2+26"in North China and extended cities in North China and decomposes the determinants of industrial SO_(2) emissions into eight effects using the Generalized Divisia Index Model(GDIM).The contributions of each effect on changes in emissions are assessed on regional,provincial,and prefectural levels,as well as according to various stages.The results indicate the following.First,industrial SO2 emissions in the"2+26"cities in North China and extended cities in North China exhibit spatial autocorrelation and agglomeration effects.Cities with high-high(HH)and low-low(LL)agglomeration patterns were concentrated in Shanxi and Henan provinces,respectively.Second,industrialization,energy consumption,and economic development were the main factors that increased industrial SO2 emissions,while technology,energy sulfur intensity,and economic sulfur intensity were the key factors that reduced them.Third,13 cities,induding Tangshan,were the most important regions where further emissions regulations need to be implemented.These cities were divided into three types and different corresponding measures for reducing their emissions are suggested.Based on the conclusions of this study,this paper puts forward some targeted policy recommendations for reducing industrial SO_(2) emissions according to different categories of cities.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant number:14AZD085],“Research on the Evolution Trend and Countermeasures of China's Economic Growth Quality under the New Normal Condition”the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number:71373106],“Research on the Transformation Dynamics of Industrial Added Value Rate and Policy Simulation:A Case Study of Manufacturing Industry in Yangtze River Delta.”。
文摘China's 40-year history of reform and opening-up includes rapid economic development as well as pollution and environmental governance.Using a four-stage division,this study explores the evolution trend and structural decomposition of China's green value-added by constructing a non-competitive input-output table for environmental pollution from 1978 to 2017.The results indicate that pollution production coefficients increased continuously,and the green value-added index decreased.Additionally,the structural decomposition showed that investment and export were critical for economic growth during the period,though they were accompanied by serious pollution problems.The pollution generated by the raw material(represented by coal mining)and processing industries(represented by the textiles)were not controlled effectively.Pollution treatment for these industries should be strengthened in the future.The study has implications for government officials,policy makers,and academics.First,China should make green development a core concept for economic development,increase environmental pollution governance,develop a“green GDP,”incorporate the external costs of environmental pollution into the national economic accounting system.Second,it must change the investment and export structure as well as the traditional economic development pattern that exacerbates pollution.Specifically,the country should develop industries with low pollution and promote the export of industries producing high value-added products and increase green GDP per capita.Third,it should closely monitor the development of highly polluting industries.Upgrading technology to reduce pollution and strengthening pollution treatment will reduce the number of polluting industries and improve environmental governance efficiency.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671093)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604701,2012CB955304)
文摘Since the Grain for Green(GFG)program was implemented in 1999,most steeply sloping farmlands in the Loess Plateau of China have been returned to forestland and grassland.To understand its impact on the food production,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of food crop production(FCP)in the plateau and quantified the contribution of sown area and yield changes to the total FCP during 1998–2014 using factor decomposition models,and then discussed the impact of GFG program on the FCP based on literature data.With the implementation of GFG program,total sown area in the Loess Plateau quickly deceased by 17.3%from 1998 to 2003,and then gradually restored to 1.03×107 hm2 in 2010.Thereafter,it slightly decreased to 1.02×107 hm2(94.6%of the area in 1998)in 2014.By contrast,total FCP generally showed an apparent growth trend,averagely increased by 1.71%per year in the whole plateau during 1998–2014.This increase was jointly contributed by the improved yield of individual crops,and the adjustment of cropping structure,i.e.,the expansion of high yield maize crop.The factor decomposition analysis results indicate that the sown area shrinkage only reduced the growth rate of total FCP by 0.29%per year during 1998–2014,although a significant impact was found for the early stage of 1999–2003.The results suggest that the implementation of GFG program would not induce an obvious risk of the food security.Therefore,it is suggested that the GFG program should be set as a long-term strategic policy,by not only supporting the conversion of slope farmlands,but also helping local farmers to seek sustainable ways of land use to improve the income and livelihood.It can be combined with the poverty eradication program,to simultaneously achieve the national goals of ecological civilization building and the livelihood improvement of rural people in the Loess Plateau.Considering rainfall limitation,the conversion of slope farmlands should be prioritized to grasslands.
文摘[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the reference for the carbon emission reduction in other provinces.[Method] Based on the carbon emissions formula which was put forward by Johan,three factors(the energy structure,energy efficiency and economy development) which affected the carbon emissions during 1996-2009 in Guangdong Province were studied by using Divisia decomposition method of logarithmic mean weight(LMD).[Result] The economy development was the main reason that caused the continuous significant increase of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.The improvement of energy efficiency was the important manner for decreasing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions.The adjustment and optimization of energy consumption structure had the huge potential for reducing the carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.[Conclusion] The carbon emissions in Guangdong Province would continue to increase in the future for a long time.When formulated the development strategy in the future,it needed pay special attention to keep the accord development of economy and environment.
文摘In this paper, the well-known Cholesky Algorithm (for solving simultaneous linear equations, or SLE) is re-visited, with the ultimate goal of developing a simple, user-friendly, attractive, and useful Java Visualization and Animation Graphical User Inter-face (GUI) software as an additional teaching tool for students to learn the Cholesky factorization in a step-by-step fashion with computer voice and animation. A demo video of the Cholesky Decomposition (or factorization) animation and result can be viewed online from the website: http://www.lions.odu.edu/~imako001/cholesky/demo/index.html. The software tool developed from this work can be used for both students and their instructors not only to master this technical subject, but also to provide a dynamic/valuable tool for obtaining the solutions for homework assignments, class examinations, self-assessment studies, and other coursework related activities. Various transportation engineering applications of SLE are cited. Engineering educators who have adopted “flipped classroom instruction” can also utilize this Java Visualization and Animation software for students to “self-learning” these algorithms at their own time (and at their preferable locations), and use valuable class-meeting time for more challenging (real-life) problems’ discussions. Statistical data for comparisons of students’ performance with and without using the developed Java computer animation are also included.
基金Project supported by NSF of China"Maximal regularity for vector-valued boundary problems"(10571099)NSF of China(10571003)
文摘In this paper we obtain a Douglas type factor decomposition theorem about certain important bounded module maps. Thus, we come to the discussion of the topological continuity of bounded generalized inverse module maps. Let X be a topological space, x →Tx : X→L(E) be a continuous map, and each R(Tx) be a closed submodule in E, for every fixed x C X. Then the map x→ Tx^+: X→L(E) is continuous if and only if ||Tx^+|| is locally bounded, where Tx^+ is the bounded generalized inverse module map of Tx. Furthermore, this is equivalent to the following statement: For each x0 in X, there exists a neighborhood ∪0 at x0 and a positive number λ such that (0, λ^2)lohtatn in ∩x∈∪0C/σ(Tx^+Tx), where a(T) denotes the spectrum of operator T.