Research on Water-Filling Patterns and Countermeasures──A case study of Xiaotun Coal Mine

There are many water-filling factors in Xiaotun Coal Mine, such as effective precipitation, goaf water, mining-induced fissure zone, surface water system, aquifers and tectonics. For different mining levels, the relative importance of these factors is different, and the water-filling condition is changed accordingly. So it is urgent to make it clear for mining. To ensure the safety of mining, we build a system of preventing mine water-filling using detailed AHP (analytical hierarchy process) calculation. This system is based on the analysis of mine water-filling factors in order to define the relative importance of the factors. Decision-makers use it as a strong scientific basis for Xiaotun Coal Mine.The method offered in this paper has been proved to be very applicable.

Influential factors and control of water inrush in a coal seam as the main aquifer

In this paper, a combination of field measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to study the main control factors of coal mine water inrush in a main aquifer coal seam and its control scheme. On the basis of revealing and analyzing the coal seam as the main aquifer in western coal mine of Xiao Jihan coal mine, the simulation software of PHASE-2D was applied to analyze the water inflow under different influencing factors. The results showed that water inflow increases logarithmically with the coal seam thickness, increases as a power function with the permeability coefficient of the coal seam, and increases linearly with the coal seam burial depth and the head pressure; The evaluation model for the factors of coal seam water inrush was gained by using nonlinear regression analysis with SPSS. The mine water inrush risk evaluation partition within the scope of the mining field was obtained,through the engineering application in Xiao Jihan coal mine. To ensure the safe and efficient production of the mine, we studied the coal mine water disaster prevention and control measures of a main aquifer coal seam in aspects of roadway driving and coal seam mining.

Study on Filling Cross-Roadway in Fully-Mechanized Coal Faces with High Water-Content Material

A new method using high water content material to mechanically fill cross roadways to form artificial bottom for coal faces was introduced. The reasonable determination of filling range, the optimization of the compounding ratio of high water content material, and the filling technique were discussed in detail. This new method has been spread after industrial testing in Baodian Colliery. Compared with the traditional method, the manual wooden chock method, the new one decreases about 40% of the filling range and cost in dealing every one set of cross roadway in the testing condition.

RESEARCH ON DEEP COAL SEAM MINING FLOOR STARTA WATER BURSTING INFLUENCED FACTORS BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERACHY PROCESS

Deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting is a complicate nonlinear system, whose factors are coupling and influencing themselves. It built the analytic structure model for deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting, the judgment matrix was found by the expert scoring method, the contribution weights of the influenced factors were given out by the equation analytic process. The thirteen controlling factors and five main controlling factors were put award by analyzing weights, so the result was basically conform to the field practice. The expert scoring method and analytic process can convert the objective fact to the subjective cognition, so it is a method that can turn the qualitative into the quantitative. This can be relative objectively and precisely to study the question of many factors and grey box.

Influence of rainfall infiltration on the stability of unsaturated coal gangue accumulated slope

The slope instability is associated with increasing rate of rainfall infiltration which cause shear strength reduction and suction loss and the slope tend to failure. The influences of rainfall infiltration on the stability of clayey and sandy slopes have been analyzed but the effect of rainfall infiltration on the stability of unsaturated coal gangue accumulated slope was needed to study. Therefore, a coal gangue accumulated slope prone to failure in Fuxin area of Northeast China was considered to evaluate its failure mechanism under different rainfall events. The effects after five different rainfall events on slope stability were physically analyzed, numerically investigated and the results from both uncoupled(hydraulic) and coupled(hydromechanical) responses were compared using finite element analysis. It was observed that the decisive soaking and leaching under different rainfall conditions caused maximum deformation at the crest of slope due to maximum value of permeability coefficient of coal gangue. The critical duration of moderate intensity(147 mm/day) of rainfall for the instability of coal gangue accumulated slope is declared as five days. The results from finite element analysis in this paper further clarifies that increase in duration of rainfall infiltration process cause hysteretic change in positive pore-water pressure causing decrease in factor of safety and increase in deformation. It is concluded that the stability of unsaturated coal gangue accumulated slope is greatly influence by the coupled effect of stress and porewater pressure in comparison of uncoupled(hydraulic) analysis as the obtained factor of safety values after five days of rainfall infiltration were 0.9 and 1.1 respectively.

Water-filling algorithm based approach for management of responsive residential loads

Integration of large number of electric vehicles(EVs)with distribution networks is devastating for conventional power system devices such as transformers and power lines etc.This paper proposes a methodology for management of responsive household appliances management and EVs with water-filling algorithm.With the proposed scheme,the load profile of a transformer is retained below its rated capacity while minimally affecting the associated consumers.When the instantaneous demand at transformer increases beyond its capacity,the proposed methodology dynamically allocates demand curtailment limit(DCL)to each home served by transformer.The DCL allocation takes convenience factors,load profile and information of flexible appliances into account to assure the comfort of all the consumers.The proposed scheme is verified by modeling and simulating five houses and a distribution transformer.The smart appliances such as an HVAC,a water heater,a cloth dryer and an EV are also modeled for the study.Results show that the proposed scheme performs to reduce overloading effects of the transformer efficiently and assures comfort of the consumers at the same time.

大宗煤基固废膏体充填材料少水化配比优化研究

为解决西部采煤区固废多、处理难的问题,以宁东矿区的脱硫石膏、粉煤灰、水泥为主要原料,对原料的微观形态及少水配比的煤基固废膏体充填材料的成分进行分析,以初期流动性、脱模后7 d和28 d的抗压强度为指标进行充填材料配比优化。设计了3因素3水平17组配比方案,建立响应面回归模型,分析单因素及多因素交互作用对少水充填材料强度和流动性的影响。研究结果表明,粉煤灰与水泥质量比是影响少水充填材料强度的重要因素,料浆质量分数是影响少水充填材料流动性的重要因素。少水配比的煤基固废膏体充填材料的最优配合比:脱硫石膏质量分数53%,粉煤灰与水泥质量比2∶1,料浆质量分数74%。波速与强度的响应关系表明,可以利用充填体的波速来预测其强度。

煤矿生产区周边水体环境重金属污染分析与治理技术

水体环境受污染会严重影响生态平衡,利用物理化学技术与生物治理技术相结合的方式,治理煤矿生产区水体环境重金属污染。在分析重金属污染情况后,考虑到重金属污染物进入水体后会出现降解、沉淀、氧化以及吸附反应,根据水体环境实时变化特征,利用物理与化学治理技术实施过滤、物理吸附、土壤淋漓以及化学固化操作。同时,利用水中微生物种群,通过生物治理的方式,消纳、转移重金属污染物。实验结果表明,该技术对水中的锰、铁以及铬等重金属元素均能高效地治理、去除。

煤岩体突水通道骨料灌注运移堆积机制试验

为揭示突水通道中骨料运移堆积的演化规律,开展了动水条件下骨料灌注试验,得到了骨料的初始沉积位置、堆积体形成方向以及堆积体极限堆积高度与水流速、骨料灌注速度等影响因素的内在关联。结果表明:在1.0 m/s高流速动水环境中,骨料堆积体形成方向为先逆水流方向生长至投料孔底后转为顺水流方向生长;在0.3 m/s低流速条件下,采用口径36 mm漏斗投料同口径18 mm相比,骨料灌注总量相同时,其堆积体的极限高度提升了41%。基于数值力学模型——计算流体动力学-离散元方法(computational fluid dynamics and distinct element method,CFD-DEM),研究了骨料灌注期间突水通道内流场的时空分布特征以及骨料堆积体的过水阻力作用对突水通道内静水压力的影响机制。

近距离煤层垂向采空区高静储瞬态充水模式与解危技术

榆神府矿区侏罗纪煤田垂向层序上赋存多个煤层,当下层煤开采时,面临上部近距离采空区积水威胁,基于垂向采空区充水模式的综合解危技术是下层煤安全回采的关键。通过分析煤层顶板岩性组合、含隔水层以及导水裂缝带发育高度特征,形成了近距离煤层垂向采空区高静储瞬态充水模式,认为基岩风化带水、火烧区水、第四系萨拉乌苏组松散层潜水以及大气降水是浅层采空区的直接或间接补给水源,在上部煤层采空区中形成较高水位的静储量;近距离煤层下层煤开采时,导水裂缝带沟通上部采空区,高静储积水以瞬间溃入形式进入下层煤回采工作面。针对高静储采空区积水威胁,提出了“近距离煤层充水模型建立—采空区积水范围探测与积水量预计—垂向采空区积水解危—疏控效果评价”4阶段解危模式,形成了解危成功的判别标准,即当钻孔疏放量等于动态补给量时,可认定采空区静储量积水已基本疏放完毕,采空区积水威胁解除。该成果在神木惠宝煤矿成功应用,对类似条件下的矿井具有借鉴意义。

煤矿充水因素评价及涌水量预测

含水层、老窖水以及采空区积水等水源对煤矿安全生产带来威胁。以山西省某煤矿为例,分析充水因素,并对采用富水系数比拟法对涌水量进行预测,有利于煤矿防治水工作开展,对井下安全生产具有重要意义。

生态脆弱煤矿区水体中微生物群落特征及矿井充水指示

我国生态脆弱矿区水资源整体匮乏,但局部地区矿井涌水却异常巨大。对生态脆弱矿区异常矿井充水水源识别,对矿区生态环境保护意义重大。研究以涌水量超过1 000 m^(3)/h的榆树湾煤矿为背景,在分析矿井涌水量特征的基础上,采集了研究区主要含水层和矿井涌水点的30个水样,开展了水样高通量微生物测序研究。对测序结果采用Alpha多样性分析、Beta多样性分析及微生物构成差异分析,系统研究了矿井水体中微生物群落特征,分析了矿井充水来源。研究结果表明:高通量测试结果通过了Coverage指数检验,验证了其用于矿井充水识别的可行性。但人类活动密切接触的水样显示出微生物更加丰富,需要在取样中有效规避。榆树湾煤矿浅表松散含水层中微生物丰富度和多样性都较高,以新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)和硫属(Sulfuricum)等微生物丰度最高;直罗组为代表的基岩含水层微生物丰富度较低,但微生物多样性较高,以丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)、蛲虫属(Vermiphilaceae)和巴氏杆菌(Paeniglutamicibacter)等微生物丰度最高。所有水样中最为优势的门类为变形菌门,占比达到35.5%~89.7%。Alpha多样性、PCoA和NSDM分析揭示了榆树湾矿井充水水源主要来自松散含水层和直罗组含水层。但Beta多样性分析发现,随着直罗组静储量的释放,松散层中离石组黄土充水比例进一步增大。综合分析显示,榆树湾煤矿目前为基岩含水层快速释水+离石组含水层持续释水模式的充水模式,矿井涌水统计分析结果验证了这一结论。研究为相似化学成分含水层充水识别,提供了新的方法。

煤矿防治水“三区”划分方法及其水害防治意义

为系统性认识矿井各类水害问题,规范化管理矿井防治水工作,国家矿山安全监察局于2022年6月将针对老空水防治的“三区”管理工作推广到顶板水害、底板水害以及构造水害等更多水害类型中。然而各地煤矿在防治水“三区”划分过程中暴露出水害致灾因素和水害治理情况等与划分标准结合不紧密,并且技术上未针对不同煤层和采区进行区别划分,同时划分区域范围和划分结果的规范性和时效性存在不统一。据此,结合防治水“三区”划分的目的,对比了新“三区”划分与老空水“三区”划分的异同,明确了以水文地质条件勘查程度、水害隐患分析、水害治理情况为要素的划分原则,理清了“三区”划分的技术路径;结合我国常见的5种煤矿水害类型特征,提出了不同类型水害的划分方法,即:地表水害应根据井田内地表水体的分布发育特征以及大气降水、滑坡等地质灾害对开采的影响程度等进行划分。顶板水害应根据导水裂隙带范围内是否存在富水性强或者富水性中等静储量丰富含水层、松散含水层等对开采造成威胁进行划分。底板水害应根据煤层带压开采区域底板隔水层厚度与矿压破坏带深度之间的关系以及底板突水系数大小进行划分。老空水害应根据矿井及周边矿井老空积水分布范围、积水量情况进行划分,构造水害应根据井田内断层、陷落柱、溶洞等地质构造和不良地质体的富水性、含水性、与水源导通情况进行划分;总结了划分工作的要点和难点,即:明晰划分时空范围、综合分析划分标准、明确“三区”管理职责、动态转换划分结果等;在此基础上,选择水害类型多样和水文地质条件复杂的典型煤矿井,遵循划分原则,根据划分标准,分煤层、分采区划分了可采区、缓采区、禁采区,并加以详细的解释说明;阐明了开展“三区”划分工作具有提升综合探测水平、强化预测预报能力、找准水害治理方向的水害防治意义,以期指导和规范我国煤矿防治水“三区”划分工作。

西南地区急倾斜薄煤层充水采空区地面注浆堵水工艺研究及应用

针对金沙水电站蓄水区南岸的相关煤矿采空区的治理,选择帷幕注浆堵水为治理方案。通过钻孔将水泥浆充填采空区及其上部裂隙,切断金沙江与矿井之间的径流通道,其中帷幕孔注浆采用水泥-水玻璃双液浆注浆工艺,一般注浆孔采用水泥浆单液注浆工艺。室内凝结时间检测试验的结果中,水泥浆的终凝时间随着水灰比的增大而逐渐从500 s以上下降到20 s左右,根据试验结果确定了合适的水泥浆配比。注浆堵水质量检测得到4组水泥芯体的采空区无侧限抗压强度均值分别为1.21、1.21、1.36、1.29 MPa,注浆段波速值为365~384m/s。抗压强度大于1 MPa,横波波速大于350 m/s,表明注浆堵水工艺实施后的质量评价结果整体满足要求,具有可行性与实用性。

连采连充膏体充填工艺系统设计与应用

针对查庄煤矿工业广场下压煤开采问题,设计了连采连充膏体充填工艺系统,给出了参与灰浆制作与矸石破碎处理设备的各项参数,在保证膏体质量的基础上实现了绿色充填。采用充填工业泵对膏体进行泵送,充填巷道上端口采用喷射机进行上三角密封,从而保证了接顶率。在进行采动影响分析时发现,膏体充填后顶板最大离层量为20.5 mm,地表最大下沉量为27 mm,地表建筑在I级建筑物损坏等级之内,证明了方案的可行性,有效解决了该矿“三下”压煤开采问题。

我国煤层水害基本架构及发展情势

为了解决煤炭资源安全高效开发过程中面临的煤层水害问题,基于近20余年间煤层水害事故的统汇分析,提出了“隐蔽突水致灾因素”萌生、煤层水害“三要素”定型、多要素耦合孕灾、突破临界状态激发灾变和灾变后负效应显现等5个煤层水害的主体构成阶段,依据各阶段独立属性特征,将煤层水害概括为顶板水害、底板水害和老空水害3个主类,以及巨厚基岩含水层高势能涌(淋)水、岩溶陷落柱导升突水、同位水平空间侧向涌水等11个子类,并对不同类型煤层水害的孕灾致灾诱因、发育发展过程机理、灾变显现特征等进行阐述。最后,对我国煤层水害的未来发展情势做了简要展望和分析。

高原高寒矿区生态修复中的煤炭资源保护技术

【目的】木里煤田地处青藏高原东部高寒地区,长期的煤炭开采对当地生态环境造成了一系列问题,其中主要问题之一是露天采区存在大量已扰动的煤炭资源,因此需研究生态修复与资源保护的协同,探索如何在矿区生态恢复过程中实现煤炭资源的科学、有效保护方法。【方法】以木里煤田聚乎更矿区为例,在分析露天采区煤炭资源破坏特征的基础上,从地质机理分析的角度出发,按照生态地质层构建方法,采用人工方式构建残留煤层顶板及上部保护层,并充分利用矿区地质环境条件,兼顾资源集约利用、经济性、与景观协调性的原则,因地制宜,分区分类施策,将煤炭资源保护有机融合于矿区生态修复过程中,建立了两种煤系矿产资源保护技术,分别为:人造冻土层煤层顶板生态地质层构建技术和“以水代填”煤炭资源保护技术,其中人造冻土层煤层顶板生态地质层构建技术可进一步分为边帮煤层保护技术、采坑底部煤层顶板模拟冻土层技术和自燃煤层治理保护技术。【结果和结论】通过探坑实地测量验证,治理完成18个月后,人工构建的煤炭资源保护层已逐步恢复并初步形成冻土层,热融季消融深度为1.8~2.3 m,形成了新的煤层保护层。“以水代填”兼顾了经济性的同时,实现了煤层保护与景观协调性的统一,取得了良好的应用效果。探索形成了高寒矿区煤炭资源保护与生态修复协同的新思路,为类似地区露天煤矿生态修复治理提供参考。

煤矿矿井水害隐蔽致灾因素识别与危险性分析

为进一步探究煤矿矿井中可能存在的水害隐蔽致灾因素,以某煤矿井田为实际案例,首先通过物探方法对其水害隐患因素进行探查,初步判定该煤矿水害隐患致灾因素类别。而后应用事故树分析法,对煤矿矿井水害隐蔽致灾因素的具体细节进行探究,明确不同致灾因素的重要程度。最后根据分析结果,从采空区水害防治、烧变岩水害防治、排水系统优化等多个层面着手,详细探讨了水害隐蔽致灾因素的治理措施,以期为今后的相关工作提供参考借鉴。

静动载作用下巷道底板突水过程及关键致灾因素模拟

针对静动载联合作用下巷道底板突水问题,结合工程实例采用数值模拟软件FLAC^(3D)构建模型,从应力场、位移场及破坏区共同耦合作用角度出发,分析了动静载叠加作用下的底板突水通道形成过程及作用机制,探讨了关键致灾因素对巷道底板突水的作用程度。研究结果表明:静载与动载应力场叠加,导致底板应力集中程度和范围在深度方向扩大;巷道底板受动载作用后破坏深度和范围加大,有效隔水层厚度减少,底板突水的风险性增加;巷道底板突水通道的形成主要与动载幅值、持时及承压水水压有关,其中动载幅值对突水作用程度较大,当动载幅值超过临界值时,巷道底板破坏深度显著增加;持时的增大使得动载作用的时间特征减弱,更加接近于静载作用,巷道底板发生拉伸破坏的可能性降低;承压水水压的增大,使得作用在巷道底板下岩层的有效应力减小,岩体强度降低,底板破坏深度增加。采用单因素分析法对比发现,各致灾因素对底板突水的影响程度依次为:动载幅值>动载持时>承压水水压。

GE水煤浆气化装置灰水水质影响因素分析与控制

气化灰水可谓是水煤浆气化装置的“血液”,灰水水质超标会导致系统设备和管道腐蚀结垢,制约GE水煤浆气化装置的长周期运行,并严重影响污水处理的效能。对灰水pH值、硬度、碱度、悬浮物含量、浊度、氯离子含量、电导率、氨氮和COD等关键指标对水煤浆气化灰水系统的影响进行分析,并就各影响因素总结出针对性的水质控制措施,以提高气化装置运行的稳定性和经济性。