Monitor and Acceptance among Couples in Romantic Relationships:Actor-Partner Interdependence Models Based on the Monitor and Acceptance Theory

Communication could be an essential part of couples in their daily life.Based on Monitor and Acceptance Theory(MAT),the present study explored the mediating role of communication in the relationship between mindfulness and relationship quality among college-student couples.The research examined the dynamic relationship of monitoring and acceptance to relationship satisfaction in the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM),and the mediating effect of positive or negative communications in these relationships.A total of 96 pairs of couples in the universities in Nanjing,China participated in the research.Momentary measurements were used to measure the momentary levels of their monitor,acceptance,positive/negative communication,and relationship satisfaction.A Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM)was used to deal with the APIM.Results showed that the women’s monitor facet of state mindfulness negatively predicted men’s relationship satisfaction through women’s negative communication,and the women’s acceptance facet of state mindfulness positively predicted women’s relationship satisfaction through women’s positive and negative communication at the within-person level.The study highlights the importance of cooperation in monitoring and acceptance for couples to own and hold high levels of relationship satisfaction.

Exploring the Association between Adult Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships, Perceptions of Parents from Childhood and Relationship Satisfaction

Little research has examined how attachment styles in childhood are related to current romantic relationship experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the association between perceptions of childhood experiences with parents, attachment styles in romantic relationships, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of young adults. The sample consisted of 227 participants, 153 of which were university students and the remaining 69 were members of the general population. Of these, 177 (78%) were female and 50 (22%) were male, with an age range of 18 - 39. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures assessing their attachment style in romantic relationships, satisfaction in their current romantic relationship, and an adjective checklist describing their parents and their parent’s relationship with each other. The majority of males had an avoidant-fearful style, while females tended to have an avoidant-fearful or secure style. Findings were that participants’ descriptions of their mother, father, and parental relationship were associated with their attachment style. In terms of a current romantic relationship, those with a secure attachment style were much more likely to be in a relationship whereas those with an avoidant-fearful style were not. Secure participants were more satisfied in their relationships than the insecure styles of attachment. Finally, chi-square tests revealed that there was no association between gender and attachment style. Results were discussed in terms of methodological limitations such as the use of self-report measures;theoretical weaknesses for example the variability in the approaches used in attachment research;and future research, which included the use of longitudinal studies which may offer insight into how early parenting behaviours act as predictors of later relationship functioning.

Endorphins, oxytocin, sexuality and romantic relationships: An understudied area

Endorphins are the body's natural opioids that are created and released by the central nervous system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endorphins have a reputation for pain reduction, enhancing excitement or satisfaction, boosting confidence, enabling control of emotions and generating feelings of euphoria, and are involved in the natural reward cycle. There is also evidence in the literature suggesting the role of endorphins in sexuality(including sexual function and sexual behaviours), as they may regulate the release of sex hormones, prolactin and growth hormone, which are involved in sexual function and love. Endogenous oxytocin is another intrinsic hormone whose role in inducing labour contractions, the delivery of the baby and stimulating lactation has been well studied. However, the potential impact of endorphins and oxytocin on sexuality and romantic relationships is not well understood. This article reviews the research on endorphins and endogenous oxytocin and how they relate to human sexuality and romantic relationships. Some animal studies report the effect of endorphin and oxytocin on sex hormones and mating behaviours, but these findings have not been supported by research into human behaviour, indicating many gaps in knowledge relating to the association between these hormones and human sexuality.

Motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use during adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study

Background: Engaging in sexual activities at a younger age is associated with higher risk of substance misuse among adolescents. It could be hypothesized that substance misuse and certain romantic relationship related behaviors may be influenced by similar hormone and other inner physiological factors that are affected by related motives. This study investigated the association between motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use from adolescence through to early adulthood. Method: A population-based longitudinal study using data collected from Wave I and Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Characteristics of romantic relationship ideals (as the proxy of motives) measured in Wave I (mean age: 16 yrs) were applied to predict substance use indicated at Wave III (mean age: 22 yrs) using multivariate analyses. Results: Adolescents who included sexual activities as part of their romantic relationship ideals were at significantly higher risk of cannabis use among males and heavy alcohol use among females. Romantic ideals that included, gift giving (female) or receiving (male), declaration of love (male), marriage (male) and becoming pregnant (female) were associated with reduced risk of one or more types of substance use. Conclusion: In adolescence, sexual motives for romantic relationships were associated with higher risk of substance use and misuse, while motives related to intimacy and commitment in romantic relationships were associated with lower risk.

When Mulan meets Romeo： Cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships

This study examines the cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions, and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships. Ten same-culture and ten cross-culture couples participated in the retrospective account interviews. Reconfirming the prevalent quantitative research findings that the American participants tend to begin dating at a younger age and change dating partners more frequently, this qualitative study finds that most of the American and Taiwan Residents participants perceived their dating and cross-cultural romantic relationships seriously by demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility and consistent support in the face of language difficulties, cultural confusions, and social obstacles.

恋爱期间财产给与的定性及处理

恋爱期间财产给与至少可分为四种类型:彩礼、普通赠与、为履行道德义务之给付以及基于亲密关系之特殊赠与。对于第四种,附解除条件说存在条件过于拟制、条件不适格、恶意促成规则难以适用以及法律效果过于刚性等弊病。在解释论上可通过弹性化其返还后果对其加以改造。在立法论上可借鉴德国无名给与理论,构建我国家事法上基于亲密关系之特殊赠与制度。《婚姻家庭编解释二(征求意见稿)》正式引入“基于婚姻赠与房产”之规则,宜进一步引入“基于亲密关系赠与房产”乃至“基于亲密关系之大额财产特殊赠与”规则。恋爱期间所赠大额财产的返还,应秉持比例原则,返还与否以及返还比例主要取决于恋情时长,并考虑分手原因、双方过错等因素。

恋爱关系中的权力来源、流动和效应

目的:探究恋爱关系中的权力,了解恋爱关系中权力的来源、流动及效应,建构恋爱关系中权力的理论模型。方法:采用质性研究方法,对10个城市的10对恋人进行深度访谈,并运用扎根理论分析访谈资料。结果:恋爱关系中的权力来自于双方关系与环境中的多种因素,会随着时间与场景的改变产生流动,并对认知、行为产生影响。恋爱关系中双方所具有的权力高低并不直接决定其恋爱关系满意度,而是个体实际的权力高低是否符合权力需求,影响了恋爱双方的和谐程度和自身的恋爱关系满意度。结论:恋爱关系中的权力以包含权力来源、流动及效应的权力状态形成模型为发展主要模式,个体的实际权力与自身权力需求是否匹配在恋爱体验中起到重要作用。

浪漫关系中青年个体在冲突情境下的权力应对及叙事特征

目的:探究处于浪漫关系中的青年个体在冲突情境中的权力应对,以及不同权力水平应对者的冲突叙事特征。方法:选取42名处于恋爱关系中的青年个体,进行半结构化访谈,并采用扎根理论对访谈内容进行分析。结果:高权力应对的个体对浪漫关系更具破坏性,容易激化冲突,使自己和/或伴侣经历负面情绪;低权力应对的个体兼具主动性和被动性,以及破坏性和建设性;平等应对的个体对浪漫关系更具建设性,利于解决冲突,修复关系。不同权力水平应对者在叙述冲突情境时有所不同,根据对认知、情绪和干涉成分的叙述有无,共可分为六种情况。结论:浪漫关系中的个体在冲突情境下存在不同水平的权力应对。他们在叙述冲突时也会有特定的倾向和成分缺失;主动性、建设性的行为更有助于解决冲突。

各美其美:中英文读者对“甜宠文”的跨文化解读

“甜宠文”作为中国网络文学中的一种细分类型,不仅受到中文读者的欢迎,在出海过程中也获得众多英文读者的青睐。研究以“甜宠文”成功出海的代表作品为研究对象,采用幻想主题分析方法,剖析中英文读者对该类型网络文学的跨文化解读。由于同一文化群体的读者因为共同的“前见”会产生相对一致的理解,因此,通过抓取各章评论数量和热门评论,划分出“中文读者多评英文读者少评”“英文读者多评中文读者少评”“双方都多评”以及“双方都少评”四种类型的章节,结合热门评论的文本分析,可以发现:中文读者采用过程导向的参与式阅读,充满自我认知的确认与互动交流的愉悦,甜宠由霸总施与,蕴藏着中国男女恩爱式的关系伦理;英文读者则采用目标导向的沉浸式阅读,享受权力的反转和终极目标达成的快感,浪漫由男女双方共同施与,体现出西方女性独立的价值取向。这种“各美其美”的跨文化解读,“一”的作品与“多”的理解,为推动新时代国际传播的转型升级开辟新的有效路径。

数字时空与伴侣养成:远距离亲密关系的媒介化实践研究——基于期望违背理论视角

社交媒介在远距离亲密关系中起到举足轻重的作用,但现有研究对远距离亲密关系及社交媒介在其中的作用未予以充分关注。基于期望违背理论,通过深度访谈研究发现:亲密关系双方在期望违背的基础上积极进行互动调适以减少关系不确定性。在“谋求共存期”,常规性和策略性的互动仪式分别建构日常生活和强化伴侣身份;在“双人对垒期”,“媒介使用规范”用以行使合理权力,而“媒介奖惩机制”用以行使奖赏权力;在“颠簸起伏期”,短暂性断连消解环境系统压力,而永久性断连终结亲密伴侣身份。此外,社交媒介以原生的媒介期望违背、基于媒介的期望协商、衍生的媒介期望违背三种形式建构亲密关系中的期望违背,并形成“期望的循环互动”这一媒介化互动模式作用于亲密关系发展。

父亲共同养育对子女抑郁的影响:青少年浪漫关系经历的调节作用

目的探索共同养育中父亲的表现与青少年抑郁之间的关系,以及青少年浪漫关系经历在其中的调节作用。方法采用父母协同教养问卷、青少年浪漫关系经历问卷以及流调中心抑郁量表对1111名14~19岁青少年进行测量。结果有浪漫关系经历青少年的抑郁得分显著高于无浪漫关系经历青少年。相关分析结果表明:父亲消极共同养育、青少年浪漫关系经历、青少年抑郁,两两间均存在显著正相关关系。父亲的消极共同养育表现可显著正向预测青少年抑郁;青少年浪漫关系经历在父亲消极共同养育与青少年抑郁中起调节作用。结论父亲在共同养育中的表现是其子女抑郁的重要预测因素,且这一关系受到青少年浪漫关系经历的调节。

我国高校师生恋的法律规制路径选择

高校师生之间权力、地位的差异使得学生难以对师生恋作出有效承诺。师生恋的存在容易使教师滥用权力、偏袒与其有恋情的学生,对其他学生形成潜在不公,同时给学习环境、学校荣誉等带来负面影响,且师生恋与性骚扰的界限模糊使得师生恋极易转化为性骚扰。美国高校对师生恋规制的不同模式对我国高校规制路径的探索具有启发意义。我国对师生恋的法律规制路径选择应将重点放在高校自治范围内的规制,高校应当在校规中明确禁止存在教学管理、学业指导或考核评价等利益关系的教师与学生之间有师生恋,对不存在此类关系的师生恋高校则应持强烈不鼓励的立场。同时也应对规制师生恋的具体范围、责任主体、事前预防、事后处理和程序设计等具体方面作出完善规定。

青少年恋爱关系内隐倾向发展特点及其与依恋的关系

采用内隐关系评估程序（IRAP）、单类内隐联想测试（SC—IAT）和问卷法，对204名12～18岁青少年进行研究，考察青少年恋爱关系发展特点，探讨内隐态度、父母依恋及同伴依恋对青少年恋爱关系倾向的预测作用。结果表明：（1）青少年恋爱关系发生倾向存在显著的年级差异，高一年级是青少年恋爱关系发展的敏感时期。（2）青少年恋爱关系内隐态度的性别与年级组交互作用显著，相比于男性青少年，女性青少年恋爱关系内隐态度在年级组上发展更平稳。（3）青少年恋爱关系发生倾向与母亲依恋及同伴依恋呈极其显著负相关。青少年母亲依恋在一定程度上可以预测其恋爱关系的发生。

异性交友决策任务上为不同心理距离他人决策的风险偏好

使用中国文化背景下修订的Beisswanger等人的异性交友决策问卷,采用2种方法操纵自我-他人心理距离,考察了男女大学生在后果严重性不同的异性交友决策任务上为不同心理距离他人决策风险偏好的差异。实验1发现,被试为具体和笼统他人决策时的风险偏好无显著差异,在后果不严重任务上比后果严重任务上更冒险,男性比女性更冒险。心理距离与决策者性别的交互作用显著:男性为具体他人决策更冒险,而女性为笼统他人决策更冒险。实验2发现,被试为不相似他人比为相似他人决策更冒险,在后果不严重任务上比在后果严重任务上更冒险,男性比女性更冒险。后果严重性与决策者性别交互作用显著:男性在后果严重和不严重任务上的风险偏好无显著差异,而女性在后果不严重任务上比后果严重任务上更冒险。综合两个实验的结果,可以得出以下结论:相对于具体和笼统他人的区分而言,相似和不相似他人的区分是一种更加稳定和有效的区分自我-他人心理距离的方法。结合相关研究及理论对结果进行了讨论。

青少年浪漫关系研究的现状与展望

浪漫关系(romantic relationship)是情侣在交往过程中形成的一种心理关系,由亲密、激情和承诺三部分组成。本文对浪漫关系的概念、类型、行为系统,以及发展等方面进行了分析。家庭、同伴、个体沟通手段,以及文化背景等是青少年浪漫关系的主要影响因素。当前浪漫关系的研究方法主要包括自我报告法、访谈法、观察法、叙述法以及实验法。未来研究应着重探讨青少年浪漫关系机制,及其与心理健康的关系和青少年浪漫关系的本土化研究与跨文化研究的比较。

失恋心境和失恋情绪诱发对冒险行为的影响

考察失恋者和控制组在情绪启动后的风险选择特点,探究失恋心境和失恋情绪诱发对冒险行为影响的特征。方法:招募26名失恋被试和26名没有恋爱经历的被试,进行2组别(失恋组,控制组)×2情绪启动(启动,非启动)被试间设计,使用特定领域风险问卷评估冒险行为。结果:(1)情绪启动的主效应在经济、健康、社会、娱乐四个风险领域均显著,情绪启动组的冒险行为高于非情绪启动组;(2)失恋组的风险行为低于控制组,且只在社会和娱乐两个领域显著不同。结论:诱发失恋情绪引起更多冒险行为;而失恋心境状态下对冒险行为有所规避。

人类生存关系的诗意反思——论马丁·布伯的“我—你”哲学对近代主体哲学的批判

马丁·布伯是 2 0世纪声名斐然的犹太教哲学家。他提出了哲学的“关系本体论” ,或者说“我—你”哲学。从我—你关系出发 ,对传统哲学的“我—它”关系进行了批判。马丁·布伯的我—你哲学或关系本体论 ,是对人类生存的神学人本主义意义上的反思 ,同时也是对西方文化和社会危机的浪漫主义的批判。他的神学可以称之为浪漫神学。布伯的哲学思想具有很大的合理性 。

大学生婚姻态度在自尊与恋爱满意度关系中的中介作用

目的:探讨大学生婚姻态度在自尊与恋爱满意度关系中的中介作用。方法:选取恋爱中的大学生342名,使用自尊量表(SES)、婚姻态度量表(MAS)和亲密关系满意度量表(QRI)进行测查,采用Bootstrap法检验婚姻态度在自尊与恋爱满意度间的中介作用。结果:SES得分、MAS总分及2个维度得分、QRI得分两两之间均呈正相关(r=022~0.95,均P<0.01)。Bootstrap法检验结果显示,自尊对恋爱满意度的直接效应为0.45,95%CI(0.27,0.63);以婚姻态度为中介的间接效应为0.17,95%CI(0.08,0.29)。结论:大学生婚姻态度在自尊与恋爱满意度之间起部分中介作用。

大学生的嫉妒体验及与依恋的关系

目的：探讨大学生的嫉妒体验与依恋的关系。方法：在四川某省属高校选取大学生428名（男生225名,女生203名,年龄17~23岁）,采用Bringle自陈嫉妒量表（BSJS,包括爱情嫉妒和社会嫉妒2个维度）、关系问卷（RQ）、亲密关系经历问卷（ECR,包含依恋焦虑与依恋回避2个维度）分别测量嫉妒体验、依恋类型（安全型、恐惧型、专注型、回避型）和依恋风格。结果：大学生BSJS得分为（2.8±0.6）,女生高于男生（P〈0.001）,大二学生高于其他年级学生（P〈0.01）。回归分析显示,性别、依恋回避、依恋焦虑对爱情嫉妒有预测作用（β=-0.24、-0.19、0.32,均P〈0.01）,年级、性别、专业、依恋焦虑对社会嫉妒有预测作用（β=0.24、-0.17、0.19、0.20,均P〈0.05）。结论：嫉妒在大学生中常见,嫉妒与依恋密切相关,爱情嫉妒和社会嫉妒可能是不同类型的嫉妒。

青少年恋爱关系:研究取向、方法与影响因素

青少年恋爱关系是在性吸引基础上建立起来的一种相互认可的、至少持续一段时间的强烈的情感联系和互动关系,其研究取向主要有生物社会取向、认知表征取向和发展背景取向,研究方法主要包括自我报告法、观察法和录像回顾法。影响青少年恋爱关系的有个体因素、人际关系因素和社会因素,未来可在理论的整合、关系品质的稳定性及微观背景作用的机制、样本的代表性等方面进一步研究。