Will the perceptions to incentive policies have any effect on users' willingness to participate in Mobility-as-a-Service?

With the increasing severity of urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution issues,Mobility-as-a-Service(MaaS)has garnered increasing attention as an emerging mode of transportation.Thus,how to motivate users to participate in MaaS has become an important research issue.This study first classified the incentive policies into four aspects:financial incentive policy,non-financial incentive policy,information policy,and convenience policy.Then,through online questionnaires and field interviews,456 sets of data were collected in Beijing,and the data were analyzed by the structural equation model and latent class model.The results show that the four incentive policies are positively correlated with users'participation in MaaS,among which financial incentive policy and information policy have the greatest impact,that is,they can better encourage users by increasing direct financial subsidies and broadening the information about MaaS.In addition,Latent Class Analysis was performed to class different users and it was found that the personal characteristics of users had some influence on willingness to participate in MaaS.Therefore,incentive policies should be designed to consider the needs and characteristics of different user groups to improve their willingness to participate in MaaS.The results can provide theoretical suggestions for the government to promote the widespread application of MaaS in urban transportation.

Research on Incentive Policies for Chinese Innovative Drug R&D - Taking Innovative Anti-tumor Drugs as an Example

Objective To provide reference for improving Chinese innovative drug research and development incentive policies.Methods Based on investigating the incentive policies for innovative drug research and development in clinical research,evaluation and approval in China,anti-tumor drugs were taken as the research object to discuss relevant policies from the perspective of clinical trials and registration approval based on data statistics and current situation analysis.Results and Conclusion Driven by a series of incentive policies for innovative drug R&D,great achievements have been made on anti-tumor drugs.However,there are problems such as concentration of drug targets,homogenization of clinical trials,and gaps in some drugs with large clinical needs.To improve incentive policies for innovative drug R&D,China should adhere to the orientation of clinical value,focusing on basic research and translational research,improving evaluation and approval capabilities,and establishing a sound ecosystem for innovative drugs.

Analysis and Innovative Strategies of Tax Preferential Policies to Promote the Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Individual Businesses

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the current tax preferential policies for small-scale individual businesses and compared them with similar policies both domestically and internationally,aiming to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the current system.After examining the impact of these tax preferential policies on the economic status of individual business owners and the broader social economy,this article proposes a set of innovative tax preferential strategies based on theoretical foundations.By developing these innovative strategies and clarifying their implementation paths,the aim is to promote the sustainable and healthy development of small-scale individual businesses,thereby fostering comprehensive socio-economic progress.The conclusion of this study not only summarizes policy recommendations with practical significance but also provides theoretical support for the optimization and innovation of future related systems.

Studying of Government's Incentive Policies for Reducing the Enterprises' Emissions in the Perspective of Recycle Economy

Economic development brings the great matedal wealth in China, and lays great risks to our life at the same time. The number of people who died of respiratory diseases is also increasing year by year as the increased air pollution, especially the haze. Air pollution is mainly caused by enterprises. Though many incentive measures to reduce the emission has already been targeted to make by government, and there are some game spaces to achieve the goal of emission reduction between central and local governments, enterprises and governments, and among various local governments. Thus the result of policy implementation is greatly reduced. We think that the index of enterprise emission reduction will be fundamentally achieved to return the people a blue sky, only if the relevant rights with emission reduction between central and local governments can fully be taken into account to reasonably divide in the process of policy formulation and implementation; the local governments are guided from zero-sum game to non-zero-sum game in emission reduction; the collaborative model of the emission reduction is established between governments and enterprises.

Construction of building energy conservation incentive policies under government regulation: Based on the subjects' behavior analysis

Building energy efficiency is a long-term strategy to achieve sustainable development, but the inconsistencies of main interests during the implementation lead to the need for government regulation in building energy conservation. Implementation of building energy efficiency of government regulation covers three aspects of construction and involves relevant participators, so the paper analyzes interests and roles of the related subjects in building energy saving, explore the motivations and its conversion mechanism of each player, and dissect the game relationship of associated earnings of developers' and consumers' behaviors selection under government control. Finally, the paper proposes basic requirements of building incentive policies for related subjects under government control to regulate the main behaviors of subjects in building energy efficient buildings and achieve energy efficiency goals and balance of all parties' benefits.

A Study on Renewable Power Pricing Mechanism and Price Incentive Policies in China

The basic framework of price policies for promoting renewable power de- velopment in China is introduced. The background, concept and implementation of price policies, focused on wind power, biomass power and solar power, are summarized in the article. The experiences and lessons of implementation of these price policies are analyzed. It is concluded that reasonable price policy is quite effective for promoting re- newable power development. According to the requirement of China's renewable power development, the suggestions for improving renewable power pricing mechanism and price incentive policies are proposed.

Car Sales Service 4s Shop Incentives and Related Competitions

In order to improve the car sales service 4S shop management level,improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises,incentives are used to encourage their own 4s shops.In this paper,throughout the related analysis of the quarterly and annual awards incentive program in large-scale domestic automobile enterprises,entropy method with MATLAB software is applied to establish the dimensional fit function.In the data processing,the multiple linear regression function into Lingo software is employed to get the best solution;and C language is used to run the screening data program through the consistency test program in the sensitivity and error analysis.First of all,consider the company to maximize profits and maximize the amount of complaints in the store to maintain a low target;in terms of staff,we should consider providing more incentives for employees;in the customer,the overall satisfaction,service Attitude,vehicle cleanliness based should be improved.And two programs for the monthly profit and excess profits of progressive incentives should also be improved.

Study on Financial and Taxation Incentives to Promote Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China

Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are the key to the continued economic and social development in China For long,the nation's financial and taxation policies have been playing an active role in promoting innovation,entrepreneurship and overall social and economic growth in China.This paper makes an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the current financial and taxation policies,and explores the opportunities and challenges faced by the current financial and taxation policies.To cultivate a sound environment across China for sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship,it calls for a multi-layered financial and taxation incentive mechanism featuring dynamically monitored taxation policies on hi-tech enterprisos,more favorable tax incentives for medium-and small-enterprises.

Empirical Research on the Influence of Marine High-end Human Resources on Marine Knowledge Innovation——With Organizational Incentive and Technological Innovation as Mediating Variable

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the intermediary role of policy incentives and marine technological innovation in marine high-end human capital promoting marine knowledge innovation.Previous studies on the impact of marine high-end human capital on marine knowledge innovation mainly focused on the direct impact of marine high-end human capital on marine knowledge innovation,while ignoring the role of intermediary variables.Based on 512 sample survey data from 138 organizations in 16 coastal cities of China,this paper uses structural equation model to examine the relationship between high-end human capital and policy incentives,technological innovation and marine knowledge innovation.The research shows that marine high-end human capital has an impact on marine knowledge innovation through policy incentives and marine technology innovation.Policy incentives and marine technology innovation play a full intermediary role in the relationship between marine high-end human capital and marine knowledge innovation.

Design and Selection of Pharmaceutical Innovation Incentive Policies:Subsidy or Inclusion in Health Insurance Plan

A critical problem plaguing regulators in promoting pharmaceutical innovation is to design and select efficient incentive policies. In this study, we develop a stylized model comprising a regulator and two representative drug producers to evaluate the effects of three incentive policies: Innovation subsides, inclusion new drugs in the health insurance plan, and the combination of the above two policies(also called hybrid policy). Our analysis shows that innovation subsidies and inclusion of new drugs in the health insurance plan can both promote pharmaceutical innovation, but their incentive effects vary in different policy objectives. Specifically, if the regulator aims to improve patient welfare, he should incorporate new drugs into the health insurance plan to expand the accessibility of new drug when the copayment level is low. However, if the regulator aims to improve social welfare, he should choose innovation subsidies when the copayment level is high, and the hybrid policy when the copayment level is low. In particular, with a sufficiently low copayment level, the hybrid policy allows the new drug producer, patients and the regulator to achieve Pareto improvement due to a lower regulator’s innovation subsidy expenditure, higher profits of the new drug producer and consumer surplus.

个人养老金税收优惠政策何以可为?——来自美国、德国和澳大利亚的经验与启示

发展个人养老金是健全养老保险体系和积极应对人口老龄化挑战的重要举措,而灵活高效的税收优惠政策则是推动个人养老金制度高质量发展的关键要素。虽然近年来我国制定了个人养老金税收优惠政策,但是仍存在诸多问题,严重掣肘个人养老金制度的高质量发展。基于文献研究法、比较分析法对美国、德国和澳大利亚等典型国家个人养老金税收优惠政策的主要实践、基本特征、实施效果以及对中国的启示等重要问题进行深入探讨。研究发现,经过数十年的积极探索,美国、德国和澳大利亚逐步建立了灵活高效的个人养老金税收优惠政策,主要体现在激励方式灵活多样、政策制定立法先行、政策调整循序渐进、关注低收入群体的需求以及鼓励以家庭为参保对象等五个方面,有效推动了其个人养老金制度的发展与成熟。不过,这些典型国家个人养老金税收优惠政策在取得瞩目成就的同时,仍然面临对低收入群体的吸引力不足等现实困境。结合典型国家的有益经验和深刻教训,对我国个人养老金税收优惠政策存在的主要问题进行剖析,并提出更具针对性的见解,认为我国个人养老金税收优惠政策应当从四个方面作出改进:一是引入多种税收优惠模式,增强政策的吸引力;二是凸显税收优惠政策的精准性,助推优惠资源向低收入群体倾斜;三是提升税收优惠政策的灵活性,鼓励个人合理配置税收优惠额度;四是税收优惠政策应支持以家庭形式参保。

住院医师规范化培训师资队伍能力提升路径探讨

住院医师规范化培训(简称“住培”)指导医师的综合能力和素质是培养优秀住院医师的重要保障,也是影响住培质量的关键要素。随着我国住培管理制度的不断完善,住培师资队伍能力提升最主要的途径已不仅限于师资培训,骨干师资培育计划也逐渐成为高效提升住培师资能力的创新途径。骨干师资培育计划将住培师资培养目标进行了更加细致的划分,指导医师以自身教学业绩及教学能力水平等为基础,通过开展一系列的教学活动逐步提高综合教学能力。教学管理部门组织专家通过遴选体系、培训体系、考核体系对骨干师资培育对象进行严格的三级培育体系管理,严把入口、过程、出口三个关键环节,强调过程管理和目标考核,并引入住培督导反馈机制,同时配套资助及激励政策。骨干师资培育计划的开展探索了住培师资队伍建设的新途径,对逐步分层次提升住培师资能力提供新的思路。

“双碳”目标下新能源基础设施发展的投资激励政策研究

我国能源事业发展的重要任务是构建以高比例新能源为主体的新型能源体系,新能源基础设施发展是实现能源转型的重要基础。本文基于新能源基础设施发展现状,对近年来国家层面新能源基础设施发展的投资激励政策进行了梳理。在我国新能源产业迅速发展的同时,在新能源基础设施发展领域仍存在一些问题和挑战,本文从多个不同领域提出激励新能源基础设施发展的政策构想,以期促进新能源产业的高质量发展。

泰国、马来西亚和印度天然橡胶产业支持政策及启示

天然橡胶是重要的战略物资和战略资源,2023年中央一号文件要求完善天然橡胶产业扶持政策。为了更好地借鉴天然橡胶主产国的经验,从生产、市场、贸易等角度对泰国、马来西亚和印度天然橡胶产业政策进行了较为系统的梳理,并进行对比分析,对完善我国天然橡胶产业政策提出了建议。

基于演化博弈的新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展研究

全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国,必须统筹兼顾培育新型农业经营主体和扶持小农户。政府激励、新型农业经营主体带动和小农户参与是促进新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展的有效路径。构建“政府-新型农业经营主体-小农户”三方博弈主体的演化博弈模型,揭示政府激励政策、新型农业经营主体带动成本和小农户收益等关键决策变量对协同演化路径的影响机理。研究发现:①当政府消极激励时的固定监管成本大于其积极激励时的固定监管成本,且新型农业经营主体与小农户单方愿意合作的情形下,政府补贴不能弥补这两类主体各自所付出的额外成本,此时系统将趋于政府积极激励、新型农业经营主体不带动、小农户不参与的(1,0,0)均衡状态;②当政府积极激励时对两类主体的补贴与监管成本之和小于政府消极激励时的固定监管成本,且新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展时均可取得相应收益增值,此时系统将趋于政府积极激励、新型农业经营主体带动、小农户参与的(1,1,1)均衡状态。数值仿真发现,政府采取不同激励政策下的固定监管成本之差、新型农业经营主体的带动成本及小农户标准化生产成本,这3类重要参数变化将显著影响各主体的最优策略选择。因此,在政府积极激励的政策背景下,有效控制博弈主体的重要成本参数可实现新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展。

消费者激励政策对低碳产品需求的影响研究——以常温牛奶为例

本文基于新消费者理论构建了低碳购买决策分析框架,设计了一个分组的选择实验方案,在采用混合Logit模型分析消费者对低碳产品需求与偏好的基础上,重点探讨不同激励政策对低碳产品需求的影响效果及其异质性。研究结果表明:第一,消费者对低碳产品的低碳属性具有一定支付意愿;第二,物质激励政策和精神激励政策均能有效提升消费者对低碳属性的支付意愿,且物质激励仍是当前鼓励低碳消费的根本措施;第三,从异质性分析结果来看,激励政策对男性、年龄较高、收入较低、低碳认知较高以及非公职人员消费群体具有更加明显的激励效果。上述研究结论对推进中国碳标签制度发展与低碳产品市场开拓,进而助力“双碳”目标的实现具有一定参考价值。

税收优惠与企业社保缴费:固定资产加速折旧政策的证据

企业社保缴费是社会保障体系的重要组成部分,也是共享改革发展成果的关键。本文以2008—2017年A股上市公司为样本,利用固定资产加速折旧政策的外生冲击,采用双重差分方法,检验了税收优惠对企业社保缴费的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策显著促进了试点行业内企业的社保缴费,平均提升了5.20个百分点。机制分析结果表明,固定资产加速折旧政策通过缓解企业融资约束,提高企业盈利能力和社保缴费基数,进而促进了企业社保缴费。异质性分析结果显示,固定资产加速折旧政策对非国有、资本密集度较大、员工权益保护较好以及位于最低工资标准和市场化水平较高地区企业的社保缴费影响更大。此外,固定资产加速折旧政策通过促进社保缴费显著提升了企业全要素生产率,增强了社保缴费对企业全要素生产率的激励效应。本文的研究结论为探索企业社保缴费的治理机制提供了新的视角,为进一步优化和完善税收优惠政策以及保障社保基金的安全和可持续发展提供了决策参考。

政策激励下皮革企业产教融合的影响因素分析

为了提高职业教育质量,优化和调整职业教育中皮革企业和学校的合作方式十分必要。政策扶持力度的加大和优惠政策的鼓励引导着公司承担起人才培养的重任。在此基础上,本文选择院校产教融合的评价指标,得出在职能上相互独立、有代表性的职业教育培训评估指标,并基于改进卷积神经网络确定其评分等级。之后,采用修正的层次分析方法确定各评估指标的权重。研究发现,部分院校在产教融合各环节上暴露出一定不足,在强化校企协作和培养学生技术能力上有待改进。

政府干预视角下装配式混凝土建筑发展演化博弈研究

我国装配式混凝土建筑发展处于初期阶段,开发商等相关方的参与意愿不高。本文基于政府干预视角,引入政策规制因子和技术进步因子,建立政府、构件生产商和开发商的三方演化博弈模型,利用实际项目数据进行数值仿真,探究政府补贴系数、罚款系数、构件生产商收益提高系数和开发商增量成本降低系数等关键参数对博弈主体行为演化的影响,并求得关键参数的理想区间,最后提出合理分配补贴比例、实行奖惩并举和推动技术进步等政策建议。

技术创新激励政策与劳动收入份额:高新技术企业认定的证据

本文基于高新技术企业认定政策的实施构造准自然实验,采用双重差分模型实证考察技术创新激励政策对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究结果显示,高新技术企业认定政策显著提高被认定企业的劳动收入份额,该正向影响在东部地区、资本密集度及外部融资依赖程度较高、内部控制质量较优的企业中更明显;认定政策带来的生产技术升级效应及外部融资约束缓解效应推动企业人力资本升级,进而提高劳动收入份额;认定政策的劳动收入份额提升效应随着地区市场化水平的提高而增强,随着企业政治关联水平的上升而减弱。此外,认定政策显著提高普通职工而非高管的劳动收入份额。上述结论为新时期进一步实施技术创新激励政策和优化初次收入分配格局提供理论依据和经验支持。