Slash-and-burn agriculture is the common practice for upland rice intercropping system in Sierra Leone and it has been blamed for the loss of forest vegetation across the country. Shortening of the fallow period in th...Slash-and-burn agriculture is the common practice for upland rice intercropping system in Sierra Leone and it has been blamed for the loss of forest vegetation across the country. Shortening of the fallow period in the Eastern region of Sierra Leone has implications on agricultural food production and the persistence of the remaining tropical rainforest. This study was therefore undertaken to assess: 1) the extent of reduction of the fallow period in the Nongowa Chiefdom of Kenema District;2) the causes of reduction in the fallow period;3) farmers’ perception of the relevance of fallow period and the implications of reduction of fallow period on crop production. The study revealed a drastic reduction of the fallow period in the chiefdom with a mean of 3.8 years which falls far below the country mean fallow period of 8.8 years as estimated by FAO. Farmers pointed out that the reduction of the fallow period was as a result of land scarcity due to competing land uses such as large scale commercial agriculture, logging, mining, charcoal burning and expansion of settlements. Farmers agreed that a fallow period of at least 10 years is necessary for upland rice production. Farmers were aware of the impact of reduction of the fallow period on upland rice production and were able to estimate rice yields based on the age of the fallow. Also, farmers have attempted to adapt to the constraints posed by shorter fallow periods by selection of rice varieties to suit the length of the fallow periods.展开更多
为充分利用休闲期自然降水,提高旱地麦田土壤的蓄水保墒能力,达到“伏雨春用”的目的,本研究在山西闻喜县旱地麦田将休闲期耕作与覆盖相结合,采用大田试验方法研究了前茬小麦收获后15d 或45d 进行深翻,而后立即采取渗水地膜或液态...为充分利用休闲期自然降水,提高旱地麦田土壤的蓄水保墒能力,达到“伏雨春用”的目的,本研究在山西闻喜县旱地麦田将休闲期耕作与覆盖相结合,采用大田试验方法研究了前茬小麦收获后15d 或45d 进行深翻,而后立即采取渗水地膜或液态地膜覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分、产量及其构成、品质形成的影响效果,试图探索旱地小麦蓄水保墒技术新途径。结果表明,前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻较15 d 可显著提高麦收后65 d 至孕穗期100~300 cm 土壤蓄水量,可显著提高播前至孕穗期0~300 cm 总土壤蓄水量,且覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至开花期,以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻覆盖较15 d 可显著提高穗数、产量、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量,且以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。此外,播前80~200 cm 土壤蓄水量与穗数、产量显著相关;播前和开花期120~300 cm 土壤蓄水量与籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量显著相关,播前80~280 cm 、开花期40~60 cm 、100 cm 、240~300 cm 土壤蓄水量与谷醇比显著相关。总之,休闲期等雨后深翻并采用渗水地膜覆盖有利于提高旱地小麦土壤蓄水量,达到伏雨春用的目的;有利于优化产量结构,提高产量;有利于提高籽粒蛋白质品质,实现优质。展开更多
文摘Slash-and-burn agriculture is the common practice for upland rice intercropping system in Sierra Leone and it has been blamed for the loss of forest vegetation across the country. Shortening of the fallow period in the Eastern region of Sierra Leone has implications on agricultural food production and the persistence of the remaining tropical rainforest. This study was therefore undertaken to assess: 1) the extent of reduction of the fallow period in the Nongowa Chiefdom of Kenema District;2) the causes of reduction in the fallow period;3) farmers’ perception of the relevance of fallow period and the implications of reduction of fallow period on crop production. The study revealed a drastic reduction of the fallow period in the chiefdom with a mean of 3.8 years which falls far below the country mean fallow period of 8.8 years as estimated by FAO. Farmers pointed out that the reduction of the fallow period was as a result of land scarcity due to competing land uses such as large scale commercial agriculture, logging, mining, charcoal burning and expansion of settlements. Farmers agreed that a fallow period of at least 10 years is necessary for upland rice production. Farmers were aware of the impact of reduction of the fallow period on upland rice production and were able to estimate rice yields based on the age of the fallow. Also, farmers have attempted to adapt to the constraints posed by shorter fallow periods by selection of rice varieties to suit the length of the fallow periods.
文摘为充分利用休闲期自然降水,提高旱地麦田土壤的蓄水保墒能力,达到“伏雨春用”的目的,本研究在山西闻喜县旱地麦田将休闲期耕作与覆盖相结合,采用大田试验方法研究了前茬小麦收获后15d 或45d 进行深翻,而后立即采取渗水地膜或液态地膜覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分、产量及其构成、品质形成的影响效果,试图探索旱地小麦蓄水保墒技术新途径。结果表明,前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻较15 d 可显著提高麦收后65 d 至孕穗期100~300 cm 土壤蓄水量,可显著提高播前至孕穗期0~300 cm 总土壤蓄水量,且覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至开花期,以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻覆盖较15 d 可显著提高穗数、产量、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量,且以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。此外,播前80~200 cm 土壤蓄水量与穗数、产量显著相关;播前和开花期120~300 cm 土壤蓄水量与籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量显著相关,播前80~280 cm 、开花期40~60 cm 、100 cm 、240~300 cm 土壤蓄水量与谷醇比显著相关。总之,休闲期等雨后深翻并采用渗水地膜覆盖有利于提高旱地小麦土壤蓄水量,达到伏雨春用的目的;有利于优化产量结构,提高产量;有利于提高籽粒蛋白质品质,实现优质。