Web Based Supportive Intervention for Families Living with Schizophrenia—An Open Trial

Background: Web based modalities should be explored to support families living with mental illness. A web based tool including a psychoeducative module, a diary and a password protected forum was developed aimed at relatives’ of a person with schizophrenia to alleviate daily life. Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore participants’ use of the web based tool with focus on the forum and its potential health and psychosocial benefits. Methods: Nineteen persons participated in this explorative open trial. The forum posts were analyzed using content analysis. Self-rating instruments assessing caregiver burden, stigma and the tool’s usability were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The qualitative analysis resulted in four main categories and subcategories describing relatives’ situation and interaction in the forum: Caring for a Person with Schizophrenia, Crisis and Care, Secrecy vs Openness, and Interaction and Social Support. Experiences of caregiver burden, but also fulfillment with caregiving tasks were reported. Concealing or hiding the family’s mental illness was common, but also the ability to use inner strength to cope with stigma and discrimination. The mean usability score was 59 (70 = good). Conclusion: Web based support can help address some of the families’ needs of support, although it encompasses certain limitations. Patient rights and the availability of resources, especially in cases of emergency, need to be made easily visible and accessible to alleviate families’ burden.

Study on Plant Diversity of Mountain Areas of Yangmeikeng and Chiao, Shenzhen, China

In this study, Yangmeikeng mountain area with a long-term natural restoration status (communities 1, 2, and 3) and Chiao mountain area with an artificially disturbed status (communities 4 and 5) in Shenzhen in China were subjected to plant community composition and diversity statistical analysis on the basis of the following indices: plant height;density;tree layer DBH;coverage;number of family, genus, and species;calculated diversity indices;richness;similarity coefficients of family, genus and species;and species evenness. The diversity levels of each index in each community were compared, and the relationships of family, genus, and species in the communities with one another were determined. The integrated diversity levels in the two areas were also analyzed. Results showed that the composition status of three communities, especially communities 2 and 3, which were located at high elevation, in Yangmeikeng with the long-term natural restoration status was better. The diversity values were also evidently higher. The vegetation composition in Yangmeikeng was also greater than that in Chiao. The integration status of numerous diversity indices, such as evenness and richness, was higher than that of the latter. These data could be used as a basis for arguments regarding the status of natural and artificial forest biodiversities. Many species in the community in artificial forests were shrubs and herbs. The richness and proportion of tree species were distinctly low. Thus, shrubs and herbs were the main components of the artificial interference community. The number and richness of the tree species in natural or long-term natural restoration forests were higher than those of the former. The family diversity Df of the three communities in Yangmeikeng was slightly lower than that of the two communities in Chiao. By contrast, the genus diversity Dg, family richness, and genus richness in Yangmeikeng were higher than those in Chiao. In terms of α-diversity and similarity coefficient, family, genus, and species were not directly related to one another. Therefore, species, genus, and family composition should be combined with their diversity status in the statistical and biodiversity analysis of a community. Synthetic diversity indices should be further analyzed to evaluate the diversity status of a community objectively.

Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on rehabilitation of community patients with schizophrenia:A short-term randomized control trial

BACKGROUND The efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy(CBGT)for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is established,but more evidence is required.AIM To assess the effectiveness of CBGT combined with mental health education as a treatment for schizophrenia compared with mental health education alone.METHODS In all,120 schizophrenia out-patients were randomized into CBGT combined with mental health education or single mental health education.The primary outcomes were positive and negative symptoms,cognitive function,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptom improvements on the positive and negative syndrome scale score.Secondary outcome measures included social function and drug compliance.RESULTS There were significant differences between CBGT combined with mental health education and single mental health education on measures of positive and negative symptoms,cognitive functions,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptoms,and social functions.No other significant difference in outcomes was observed.CONCLUSION CBGT combined with mental health education may be relevant beneficial treatment method in reducing symptoms,cognitive and social functions of patients with schizophrenia.

Human Capital of Family and Social Mobility in Rural Areas-Evidence from China

This research focuses on the impact of family＇s human capital on social mobility in China＇s rural community.Empirical research is conducted based on data from surveying a typical rural community in the past 20 yr.The study indicates that social mobility in rural area is active in the past 20 yr,and the human capital of family,represented by primary labor＇s education level,has played an essential role in mobility of low social class.Meanwhile,socio-economic development and the change of supply and demand in labor market dims the signaling role of degree education,but the impact of occupational training is increasingly remarkable.Therefore,the change from sole degree education to multi-leveled education including occupational education and training is a main way for China＇s rural families in low class to realize social mobility.

Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第1期重点文章简介

1.Actions speak louder than louds,but words are a start.(行胜于言,但言语,才是开始.)简介:本文为世界家庭医生组织(WONCA)现任主席Amanda Howe教授接受Family Medicine and Community Health(FMCH)的邀请,为2018年10月在韩国首尔举办的WONCA第22届世界会议中代表全世界全科医生发表的对《首尔宣言》的准官方解读以及行动呼吁。在全文的最后,Amanda教授呼吁全世界的全科医生团结起来,为帮助各国实现全民健康覆盖及加强初级健康保健而共同行动。

Pró-Saúde and PET-Saúde in the Context of Reorientation Policy of Health Professions Training

The health education has been a topic discussed throughout Brazil, as the country is experiencing a period of expansion of higher education and it needs to give quality. So they were implanted two federal programs to allow that health students to approach their professional reality to make them capable of full mode. The paper aims to discuss the experience of the participating members of these programs for professional reorientation. The study is exploratory and descriptive conducted with participants of the programs in the city of Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in the year 2014. This study aims to present an experience report from the experience of the mentors in Reorientation National Program for Health Professional Training (Pró-Saúde), associated with the Labor Education Program for Health (PET-Saúde) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)/Sciences College of Trairi (FACISA), with emphasis on the reorientation of professional practice, provided by integrating teaching-service and community as well as exchange of knowledge between tutors, mentors and students participating in the project, from the development of interdisciplinary activities, giving the opportunity to reflect on these actions and services offered based on the epidemiological analysis provided by research, intervening in this reality.

Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年2期目次选登

·An evaluation of a screening programme for immigrant women to Taiwan关于台湾移民妇女筛查项目的评价·Methodological challenges of cross-language qualitative research with South Asian communities living in the UK对生活在英国的南亚移民进行定性研究时在方法学上所遇到挑战·Process engineering for primary care:quality improvement

Family Medicine and Community Health期刊简介

宗旨和内容Family Medicine and Community Health(FMCH,《家庭医学和社区卫生》)(ISSN 2305-6983)是一本同行评议的开放性英文期刊(季刊),主要关注流行病、慢性病管理、社区卫生服务及家庭医学教育和培训。期刊旨在促进家庭医学领域知识和技能的即时沟通,以便为更好的医疗服务作指导。文章内容包括卫生政策、临床研究和实践、教育培训及社区卫生中心管理等。栏目包括但不限于,社论、原创研究、临床技能。

Women’s Perceptions and Attitudes Related to Family Planning Use among Poor Population in Rural Rwanda

INTRODUCTION: In 2012, Rwandan Government has declared family planning (FP) a national priority for poverty reduction and socioeconomic development. However, rural areas still contribute to higher fertility rates. OBJECTIVE: To explore factors to influence FP uptake in rural families. METHODS: This study used mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods consisted of two separate surveys. The first survey (quantitative-based cross-sectional design) determined FP use in households while the second survey (qualitative-based design) identified socio-cultural factors which hindered FP uptake in households. In total, 119 households with women in reproductive age (15 - 45) were targeted in rural areas in Western province, Karongi District. The data collected during door-to-door visits using paper-based-questionnaires and administered through interviews. A database mask was designed under OnaCollect, then processed in SPSS software. The results were presented in tables of frequencies, the difference between proportions assessed using Chi-Square-test, the difference between means assessed using t-tests, significance at p = or <0.05, confidence level at 0.95, and a margin error of 0.09. RESULTS: Socio-cultural norms influenced no use of contraception (32.8%) or only promoted natural methods (12.6%). Social norms were religious in origin (38.5%) where Christianity (91.8%) discouraged modern methods (viewed as killing children) but encouraged using natural methods, preferably abstinence (73.3%). Cultural norms (17.9%) influenced families to have many children as resources of wealth, evidence of productivity, and a way to decrease parents’ workloads including assisting mothers in home-based activities such as cooking, and assisting fathers in farming activities such as keeping cows, goats and pigs. Other attitudes included gender-based issues (2.5%) mainly due to spousal disapproval (men dominated in taking FP decisions in families), whereas other non-users of modern methods (28.2%) feared side-effects. This study was registered with IRB: CMHS/IRB/097/2019. CONCLUSION: Religious, social, and cultural norms affect FP in rural areas. In order to accelerate FP uptake, men and religious leaders should be targeted as key partners who influence women’s choices.

Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年3期目次选登

·An evaluation of a screening programme for immigrant women to Taiwan关于台湾移民妇女筛查项目的评价·Methodological challenges of cross-language qualitative research with South Asian communities living in the UK对生活在英国的南亚移民进行定性研究时在方法学上所遇到挑战·Process engineering for primary care:quality improvement

Does Size Matter？ How Firm Size Affects Social Externalities and Community and Regional Development

This study shows how family firm size affects the extent to which bus and coach operators in Australia interact with and contribute to their community by quantifying the value of eight social externalities and presenting the results, using the number of staff and the number of buses per operator as the denominators. The study highlights how a transaction between the government, as buyer, and the bus operator, as seller of services, can affect an external factor that being community and regional development. The results suggest that the small- and medium-sized family firm bus operators are the governance models most likely to contribute toward achieving community and regional development outcomes, which in turn, highlights the importance placed on the achievement of the non-financial goals of family firms and the socio-emotional wealth of the community in which it is embedded. This study suggests that it is possible that contracting bus-services for social value, rather than just lowest price, would create greater benefit for the community and this would offset any gains in economic efficiency achieved by large and non-family firms.

“三学”视域下家园社协同赋能学前儿童家庭德育的实践研究——以中国儿童中心“家校社共育好儿童”家庭行动计划为例

德育是家庭教育的核心内容。当前我国学前儿童家庭德育存在家长主体意识偏差、德育方式不当、内容体系不完善等问题,且家园社协同不足,未能为家庭开展德育提供有效的制度和资源支撑。学前儿童家庭德育是儿童生活与儿童成长相统一的价值建构活动,家庭应肩负起儿童德育的主体责任,幼儿园和社会应基于儿童道德发展需要以及社会变革现实给予家庭有效的支持。“幼学—家学—女学”协同发展为新时期家园社协同赋能学前儿童家庭德育提供了思想启迪和方法指引,中国儿童中心通过“家校社共育好儿童”家庭行动计划赋能家庭来使学前儿童家长具备良好的道德教育能力,通过制度设计将政府、事业单位、民非企业等主体纳入学前儿童家庭德育协同组织,为学前儿童家庭德育建构一支高质量的人才队伍,加强家园社协同赋能学前儿童家庭德育的资源协同。

家园矛盾场域中幼儿教师情绪劳动的现状及影响因素研究

家园矛盾场域中幼儿教师情绪劳动水平影响着家园矛盾解决的成效。对800名幼儿教师进行问卷调查,探究家园矛盾场域中幼儿教师情绪劳动的现状和影响因素,发现幼儿教师情绪劳动总体水平中等偏上,较多采用深层行为,幼儿教师情绪劳动水平在婚姻状况、园所性质和等级上存在显著差异,在教龄、学历和职务上不存在显著差异。影响因素中的个人、园所和社会因素与幼儿教师情绪劳动总体以及表层行为、深层行为和自然行为三种策略显著正相关。其中,个人因素对情绪劳动总体及三种策略的影响最大;园所因素对深层行为的影响仅次于个人因素并高于社会因素;社会因素对幼儿教师情绪劳动总体、表层行为和自然行为的影响次于个人因素并高于园所因素。建议从幼儿教师自身、园所和社会角度提升幼儿教师情绪劳动水平。

幼儿屏幕暴露问题的家园微系统分析

近年来,长时间屏幕暴露连同久坐行为共同成为幼儿的健康威胁。本研究借助生态系统理论中微系统的分析框架,分析比较了产生幼儿屏幕暴露的家园生态环境:家庭情景的物理环境欠丰富,幼儿和成人分别由于屏幕内容的娱乐性和学习性特征对幼儿屏幕活动有高黏性,成人在幼儿屏幕活动中的多角色联合参与不足,有关屏幕暴露的家园沟通存在关系的非均势。基于此,研究进一步提出优化情景的物理特征和文化特征,设计活动的目标、内容与规则,丰富家长与教师的角色参与,构建家园合作共同体等家园共育建议。

家园共育视域下的智能化幼儿发展评价

在家园共育视域下,研究发现家长参与的幼儿发展评价存在评价观念偏颇、评价参与表浅以及评价沟通不足等现实困境。以幼儿发展评价在智能技术驱动下所面临的智能化升级为契机,构筑智能化幼儿发展评价双向驱动模型。该模型围绕“一个中心、双向驱动、三个阶段以及多次迭代”的内容要旨,依托智能评价系统落实三阶段幼儿发展评价实施流程,具有权责分明、精准施测以及交互充分的应用优势,有助于发挥家园共育的协同育人价值。

家长言行对幼儿劳动价值观的影响——基于农村大班幼儿的NVivo分析

使用NVivo质性研究软件,以24名农村大班幼儿为研究对象,了解家庭教育对幼儿劳动价值观的影响。研究发现,家长不良言行、对劳动的偏见是影响幼儿劳动价值观的主要因素,易使儿童产生消极负面的劳动观。以此建议,帮助家长树立正确劳动观,“内外力”相结合,使幼儿主动参与家庭劳动,采用积极言语塑造幼儿正向劳动认知,培养幼儿良好劳动行为。

家园网络沟通对家庭教育指导成效的影响--父亲卷入的中介作用

以符号互动论为理论基础,基于21665份问卷调查,运用结构方程模型探讨家园网络沟通、父亲卷入与家庭教育指导成效之间的关系。结果表明:“符号在场”的家园网络沟通对家庭教育指导成效具有较强的预测功能,其中适用性影响力最大,而交互性影响最小,丰富性和可视化则具有负向预测功能;父亲卷入在家园网络沟通与家庭教育指导成效之间起到部分中介作用。为此,家园网络沟通的“符号在场”与传统的“具身在场”应兼容并蓄,父亲卷入的“主体自觉”与“外在机制”应双向协同,家庭教育指导的“意义驱动”和“情知交融”应相辅相成。

祖辈-父辈共同养育与学前儿童社会情绪能力的关系:家庭功能及养育倦怠的链式中介作用

为考察祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力的关系及家庭功能和养育倦怠在其中的作用,采用《学前行为与情绪量表》《祖辈-父辈共同养育关系量表》《家庭功能量表》和《简版养育倦怠量表》对524名3~6岁儿童的母亲进行调查。结果显示,祖辈-父辈共同养育可显著正向预测学前儿童社会情绪能力;家庭功能在祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力间的中介作用显著;家庭功能和养育倦怠在祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力间具有链式中介作用,且儿童的性别和年龄在中介模型中不具有群组差异。故建议在共同养育的过程中,可通过提升家庭亲密性和适应性,形成团结一致的家庭教育环境,从而减少父辈的养育倦怠,最终提高学前儿童社会情绪能力发展水平。

以家庭为视角建构家园教育共同体

家园教育共同体是家园双方基于促进幼儿身心健康发展这一价值诉求而建立起来的教育合作组织。传统家园共育多基于幼儿园教育的专业视角,而忽视了幼儿发展以及家长参与家园共育的情感性,导致家长的参与程度不高。为提高家园共育的质量,幼儿园可以以家的情感和责任特征为突破口,以家庭中亲子之间的天然之爱来作为家园教育共同体建构的价值基石,通过确立责任清单和建构互动平台来推动幼儿园和家庭之间的合作,在发挥幼儿园专业引领作用的基础上促进家长和教师的共同成长。

幼儿园家庭教育指导高品质路径构建研究

为落实“立德树人”教育目标,实现家庭和幼儿园在家庭教育指导中的“协作共赢”,首要解决的是幼儿的“养育”和“教育”两个核心问题。幼儿园家庭教育指导高品质路径构建需明晰其价值,并针对其存在的目标实现困境、主体责任困境和实施保障困境,分析提出幼儿园家庭教育指导的高品质路径构建的策略:建立健全的机构设置、规范督导督察制度;完善幼儿园课程和文化建设,家长深度浸润;创建幼儿园家庭教育指导的实践模式;提高幼儿园教师家庭教育指导的专业能力;协同社区和各社会机构力量,提高指导服务质量。