Transcriptome profiling and RXR gene family identification reveals the molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning of cuttlefish Sepiella japonica

Sepiella japonica is a worldwide marine cuttlefish species of high economic value.S.japonica routinely modifying behaviors in reproductive life,such as rapid aging until death after spawning,has been recognized in artificial breeding.However,reproductive behavior at the level of genes is rarely reported,thus,the research on the genetic basis of behavior,reproduction,and artificial breeding was limited.We applied RNA-seq in different stages of reproduction to investigate the reason of rapid aging after spawning,pre-maturity,pre-spawning after maturity,and post-spawning.The retinoid X receptor(RXR)gene family in S.japonica was identified,and 1343–1452 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in all 3 stages of reproductive life were identified from pairwise m RNA comparisons.Furthermore,through the GO term and KEGG analysis,S.japonica could handle neuronal development and network formation before maturity and have a functional degradation of neural communication,signal transduction,vision,and gene expression after spawning.Eight Sj RXRαs have been identified and they played different roles in growth development or reproduction.Therefore,the regulation of several channels and receptors is the intrinsic molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning in S.japonica.This study revealed the survival strategy and provided fundamental data on the level of genes for understanding the reproductive behavior and the reproduction of S.japonica.

Genome wide investigation of Hsf gene family in Phoebe bournei:identification,evolution,and expression after abiotic stresses

Heat shock transcription factors(Hsfs)have important roles during plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.The identification and func-tion of Hsf genes have been thoroughly studied in various herbaceous plant species,but not woody species,especially Phoebe bournei,an endangered,unique species in China.In this study,17 members of the Hsf gene family were identi-fied from P.bournei using bioinformatic methods.Phyloge-netic analysis indicated that PbHsf genes were grouped into three subfamilies:A,B,and C.Conserved motifs,three-dimensional structure,and physicochemical properties of the PbHsf proteins were also analyzed.The structure of the PbHsf genes varied in the number of exons and introns.Pre-diction of cis-acting elements in the promoter region indi-cated that PbHsf genes are likely involved in responses to plant hormones and stresses.A collinearity analysis dem-onstrated that expansions of the PbHsf gene family mainly take place via segmental duplication.The expression levels of PbHsf genes varied across different plant tissues.On the basis of the expression profiles of five representative PbHsf genes during heat,cold,salt,and drought stress,PbHsf pro-teins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress.This systematic,genome-wide investigation of PbHsf genes in P.bournei and their expression patterns provides valuable insights and information for further func-tional dissection of Hsf proteins in this endangered,unique species.

Exercise-induced irisin in bone and systemic irisin administration reveal new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism

Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domain- containing 5 （FNDC5） protein. Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure, irisin stimulates browning of white adipose tissue （WAT） and uncoupling protein I （UCP1） expression, leading to an increase in total body energy expenditure by augmented UCPl-mediated thermogenesis. It is currently unknown whether irisin is secreted by bone upon exercise or whether it regulates bone metabolism in vivo. In this study, we found that 2 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise induced high levels of FNDC5 messenger RNA as well as FNDC5/irisin protein expression in murine bone tissues. Increased immunoreactivity due to exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin expression was detected in different regions of exercised femoral bones, including growth plate, trabecular bone, cortical bone, articular cartilage, and bone-tendon interface. Exercise also increased expression of osteogenic markers in bone and that of UCP1 in WAT, and led to bodyweight loss. Irisin intraperitoneal （IP） administration resulted in increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness and osteoblasts numbers, and concurrently induced UCP1 expression in subcutaneous WAT. Lentiviral FNDC5 IP administration increased cortical bone thickness. In vitro studies in bone cells revealed irisin increases osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand （RANKL）- induced osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings show that voluntary exercise increases irisin production in bone, and that an increase in circulating irisin levels enhances osteogenesis in mice.

Game analysis on Huaihe River anti-pollution administration mechanism and policy research

Based on the literature review of environmental anti-pollution researches, this paper analyzes the administra- tive mechanism of Huaihe River anti-pollution with game theory. Based on the quantitative analysis on three correspond- ing game models with four players including local residents, enterprises, local governments and competent authorities at higher levels, this paper demonstrates four main shortcomings of current administrative mechanism of Huaihe River anti-pollution system, including low emission cost, low connivance cost, overemphasis on heavy fine of the enterprises, neglect of the punishment on the local departments and intersected administrative mechanism. This paper sets up anti- pollution administrative mechanism, combining economic method with noneconomic method, government control with market mechanism, and introducing public participation. At last, this paper proposes policies, such as implementing emissions trading system, reforming public participation system, and reforming government’s environmental protection mechanism to promote law enforcement.

Exploration on Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Family Farm

Family farm is a new type of agricultural operation,and the research on ecological compensation for its production behavior is conducive to consolidating the basic position of agriculture and protecting agricultural resources and environment.By summarizing and drawing lessons from the domestic research results in related fields,the family farm is selected as the object,and the opportunity cost method is used to analyze the setting of the ecological compensation standard of the family farm.The basic framework of ecological compensation mechanism of family farm is constructed from three aspects:ecological compensation responsibility determination mechanism;compensation object establishment mechanism;compensation standard determination and mode selection mechanism.The operation mechanism of ecological compensation of family farm is analyzed from three aspects:farmer;farm production;resources and environment.The results show that the family farms'pursuit of agricultural products and ecological services is the response mechanism of ecological compensation for their production behavior.On the basis of this,this paper puts forward some measures and suggestions to ensure the ecological compensation mechanism of family farms from three aspects:perfecting the land use system;widening the compensation channels;constructing the green GDP accounting.

Experiences of implementing a coping mechanism for the elderly who face chronic diseases while living with the family: a phenomenology study

Objective: Physical and psychological stress causes harm to the health status of the elderly with chronic diseases. This study aimed to understand coping mechanisms of the elderly with chronic conditions who live with their family. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenology method from the experience of 13 older adults with chronic disease. The study processes were interviewed, tape recorded, transcribed, and explored from the transcripts using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The steps of the descriptive phenomenology process are bracketing, intuiting, analyzing, and describing. Results: The coping mechanisms used by the elderly with chronic diseases are (1) the behavioral focus coping ways by doing sports, and physical activities;(2) Focus on spirituality has been implemented by fasting, chanting, dhikr, and prayer;(3) The cognitive focus by working on hobbies or habitual activities and helping each other;(4) The social interaction focus was by interacting with friends, family, and neighbors. Conclusions: This shows that elderly adults with disease conditions try to adapt various forms of coping mechanisms, which positively affects their psychological state. Families which have elderly with chronic diseases are expected to provide nurturing and psychological support to them so that the elderly can consistently apply coping mechanisms to overcome and tackle chronic diseases. Understanding the coping mechanism implementation of the elderly who have chronic diseases by their family can guide health specialists in designing psychological and spiritual approach interventions.

Requirement of Family Enterprises of Feed and Veterinary Drugs for Improving Professional Manager Mechanism and Recommendations

In the development of family enterprises of feed and veterinary drugs in China,there are many problems,such as lack of organic integration of human capital and social human capital.This paper introduced development thread of family enterprises of feed and veterinary drugs in China,analyzed theories and practical development requirement for improving professional manager mechanism,and came up with recommendations including establishing proper employing system,incentive and restraint mechanism,corporate culture,and professional manager market.

医院合理用药信息化建设创新实践

目的提高医院药事管理效能,促进临床合理用药。方法医院药学部以原有合理用药信息化系统知识库为基础,建立了以问题为导向的双联合工作机制,主要表现为信息药师针对临床药师事后点评发现的用药问题建立管控方案,编写管控规则,不断完善知识库,通过信息化在处方和医嘱前置审核环节进行管控。在此基础上,对重点项目(如门诊适应证、围术期抗菌药物、抗肿瘤药物管理等)建立系统管控方案。结果2020年至2022年,共改进、优化基础知识库规则5266项,建立了具备564项自定义规则的自定义知识库;实现合理用药信息化系统版本升级4次,系统创新与改进32项;门诊/住院次均药品费用增幅、门诊处方合理率、住院医嘱合理率、抗菌药物使用强度等药事管理指标改善明显。结论构建全面的合理用药监管体系,能有效提升医院药事管理水平与药学服务能力,促进临床合理用药水平的提升。

我国高校院系治理的演进、困境与进路探赜

院系治理是大学治理能否实现现代化的关键。在协调党政关系主基调下,我国高校院系治理大致历经了“探索初创期”、“调适定型期”和“提质增效期”等三个演进阶段。当前,我国院系治理面临领导体制不健全、制度体系不完备、运行机制不通畅、治理主体权责失衡、党组织功能“悬浮化”等瓶颈和困境。推动院系治理现代化,应在遮蔽与澄清、守正与创新的动态调适中科学规避“制度移植陷阱”,创造性地推进党委领导下的校长负责制向院系层面的制度移植。在实践中,明晰院系党政共同领导下的分工负责制、完善党政联席会议制度、构建党政学协商共治模式、充分发挥党组织功能作用,是加快推进院系治理现代化的应然路径。

新时代我国行政区划的制度设计、目标指向与优化策略

新时代在完善优化行政区划制度设计过程中,坚持发展与治理并重的新理念是认识前提,加强党对行政区划工作的集中统一领导是根本保障,持续推动法治建设是关键支撑,健全论证评估机制与方法是基本路径。在目标导向方面,应重点关注三项新课题:以优化基层行政区划为主要着力点,提升超大特大城市的资源承载能力;通过优化乡镇行政区划设置,推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化;通过优化收缩型城市和“小县”的行政区划设置,助推区域协同高质量发展。作为完成上述目标的保障机制,要在充分发挥党的全面领导、协调各方作用基础上强化党政部门协同,在明确价值导向前提下健全论证与评估体系,系统总结我国行政区划设置的历史经验,提升调整方案的明确性,减少调整的“后遗症”。

民政部门担任遗产管理人的困境与法律对策研究

遗产管理人是《民法典》规定的新制度,民政部门作为兜底主体担任遗产管理人是我国法律制度上的一项创新。自《民法典》实施以来,各地都在积极探索民政部门担任遗产管理人的做法与经验,但由于缺乏配套性、操作性、实施性的具体规定,导致民政部门工作中产生许多困惑与问题,影响民政部门遗产管理职能的发挥与落地。应当通过制定立法解释,完善司法解释和相关规范性文件,从源头上解决裁判依据问题,进一步明确民政部门在遗产管理实务中独立的法律地位和诉讼主体地位,细化指定遗产管理人确认和启动程序在内的各项具体规则,制定遗产管理人工作操作指引,明确承担遗产管理职能的内设机构、职责、人员、编制和经费,并加快专业人才的培养步伐,使这一新制度能够落地落实,实现《民法典》的立法宗旨。

民办高校行政管理人员激励机制优化研究

民办高校高质量发展离不开专业化行政管理队伍的支撑。优化激励机制,激发行政管理人员的工作积极性、主动性和创造性,是民办高校深化改革应重视和思考的新课题。当前,民办高校行政管理人员激励中还存在一些不足:对行政管理人员激励的重要性认识不足,行政管理人员考核指标不明确,对基层行政管理人员重使用轻培训,一线行政管理人员薪酬待遇相对较低。对此,应构建科学化的绩效考核体系、系统化的奖励激励体系、多元化的培训激励体系、畅通化的晋升激励体系,充分释放人才活力,助力民办高校科学发展、提质增效。

高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制构建:意义、问题与路径

高职院校的高质量发展离不开行政教辅人员,其为教学与科研、学校与学生提供了学习和生活的保障,发挥着不可替代的作用。构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制有助于引导其树立正确的教育观、事业观、人才观,坚定理想信念,厚植爱国情怀,涵养崇高师德。当前,高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设存在部分行政教辅人员思想素质有待提高、师德师风建设和育人功能脱节、师德师风典范引领作用不突出等问题,应该通过强化理论学习、素质提升、榜样示范、制度约束等构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制。

miR-192对结直肠癌细胞系增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响

目的 探究微小RNA-192(miR-192)对结直肠癌(CC)细胞系增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。方法 分别设立A组(SW1116 CC细胞转染生理盐水)、B组(SW1116 CC细胞转染miR-192模拟物)及C组(SW1116 CC细胞转染miR-192抑制剂)。分别以MTT法检测各组细胞增殖情况,以流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况,以划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,以Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)检测各组细胞miR-192及WNT家族成员2B(WNT2B)mRNA表达水平。结果 B组SW1116 CC细胞存活率、单克隆形成数目分别为(57.32±6.19)%、(284.59±15.08)个,均低于A组的(76.21±8.23)%、(601.47±23.16)个与C组的(89.52±10.62)%、(2 150.68±34.79)个,而凋亡率为(20.52±2.52)%,高于A组的(13.78±1.62)%与C组的(11.62±1.41)%;C组SW1116 CC细胞存活率、单克隆形成数目均高于A组,而凋亡率低于A组(均P<0.05)。B组SW1116 CC细胞划痕宽度为(785.10±46.18)mm,高于A组的(601.32±33.21)mm与C组的(326.99±17.48)mm,而C组划痕宽度低于A组,B组穿膜细胞数为(624.67±19.05)个,少于A组的(875.23±27.30)个与C组的(1 204.17±34.59)个,且C组穿膜细胞数多于A组(均P<0.05)。B组SW1116 CC细胞miR-192 mRNA相对表达水平为(3.01±0.26),相较于A组的(1.87±0.20)及C组的(0.97±0.23)均更高,且C组miR-192 mRNA相对表达水平低于A组,B组WNT2B mRNA表达水平为(2.16±0.26),相较于A组的(4.11±0.50)与C组的(6.08±0.72)均更低,且C组WNT2B mRNA表达水平高于A组(均P<0.05)。结论 miR-192可抑制CC的恶性演进,其主要作用机制之一可能与调控WNT2B表达有关。

从“法制”到“法治”:改革开放以来我国家庭教育政策的演进逻辑与推进路径

家庭教育政策是规范与支持家庭教育发展的重要工具,是推进我国家庭家教家风建设的重要手段。改革开放以来,我国家庭教育政策经历了以边缘性探索为中心的萌芽发展阶段、以系统性规划为抓手的改革发展阶段和以体系化建设为重点的深入发展阶段。在此过程中,其动力机制、价值取向、实施过程保障及话语规则均有其独特的演进逻辑。家庭教育法治化是我国教育治理现代化的必然要求,在未来的发展中我国家庭教育从“法制”走向“法治”,可采取以下推进路径:形成强化基础建设、优质均衡发展的政策动力机制,秉持兼顾个体与社会、协调多元利益的政策价值取向,深化加强顶层设计、完善组织建设的政策实施过程保障,体现深入了解民情、广泛反映民意的政策话语规则。

家庭代际学习:模式、要素与作用机理

家庭代际学习是代际学习在家庭场域中的具体应用,它贯穿家庭的各个生命阶段,是真正意义上的终身学习实践。当前家庭代际学习存在开放共享、基于尊重的自上而下、基于尊重的自下而上和开放非共享四种典型模式,其与家庭的构成要素,即家庭结构、互动层次、学习目标与内容密切相关。从家庭结构来看,复合家庭、直系家庭、核心家庭三种家庭结构相对传统和稳定,任何家庭代际学习模式都可能发生;不完全家庭多表现为开放共享或非共享家庭代际学习模式。从互动层次来看,基于尊重的自上而下模式和基于尊重的自下而上模式均以家庭内学习为主;开放共享模式和开放非共享模式均存在个体参与形式的家庭外学习,而以家庭为单位参与的家庭外学习只发生在开放共享模式中。从学习目标与内容来看,无论哪种家庭代际学习模式,都包含知识、技能与意识提升等学习目标,以及知识传授、技能传递与意识形态建设等学习内容。家庭代际学习的有效发生受家庭凝聚力、灵活性和沟通三大因素影响。因此,推进家庭代际学习,一是要注重回归家庭深度联结,激发家庭代际学习原生动力;二是要明晰多元构成要素,选择适合的家庭代际学习模式;三是要重视有效调节机制,形成家庭学习可持续性生态。

以行政协同治理推动区域协同发展——成渝地区双城经济圈协同推进机关事务标准化工作范例

随着区域协同发展政策战略地位的不断提高,区域协同研究正如火如荼,但现阶段学界尚有待阐明区域协同瓶颈之因并提出解决之法及相应的区域协同新机制。本研究试图聚焦于此,在理论层面梳理区域协同瓶颈产生机制与区域协同新机制,并对成渝地区双城经济圈协同推进机关事务标准化工作进行案例分析与问卷调查,在实证层面检验本研究的两个理论框架。案例分析发现,以机关事务为例,成渝地区双城经济圈存在治理尺度差异,这与中央政策调控共同构成协同的内外动机,驱动成渝地区深化合作意愿,卷入区域协同;与此同时,地方保护主义现象在两地机关事务标准化协同工作中亦有所披露,并阻碍了成渝地区双城经济圈建设的协同发展。问卷调查数据进一步验证案例分析结果:推进协同地区加强行政治理协同、推进治理尺度统一具有紧要性,成渝地区双城经济圈建设推进标准化执行助推区域协同发展,标准化的行政治理协同增强了成渝地区双城经济圈协同互信意识,在一定程度上消解行政壁垒和地方保护主义;此外,当前成渝地区双城经济圈建设干部协同卷入的奖惩机制不完善,行政治理协同还需大力推进,两地协同仍有较强的地方本位意识。基于此,本研究认为,地方保护现象是长久以来中国实行区域分治所衍生的治理产物,消弭地方保护主义、强化区域一体化思维成为协同瓶颈破局之必然要求,而基于行政尺度视角出发的行政协同治理则可能通过为地区卷入协同建构与区域空间相适配的治理尺度,从而成为区域协同必然的路径选择。并且,协同是基于时间矢量上不断发展变换的过程,地方政府应当通过牢牢把握不同阶段中区域协同“动机—路径—目的”三核心元素以寻求合理的区域协同合作。

检察机关实质性化解行政争议的系统论研究

以“系统论”和阶层思维为理论基础的检察机关实质性化解行政争议制度建构更具有实践理性。检察机关实质性化解行政争议的职能系统能在明确行政检察与行政复议、行政诉讼等行政争议化解方式的关系的基础上明确检察机关的主体定位及具体职能。在检察机关实质性化解行政争议的过程系统中,检察机关是依权利主体申请或行政主体邀请介入,以实质性化解行政争议为限度,介入方式的选择应遵循合法和比例原则。检察机关实质性化解行政争议的案例系统开发,主要以指导性案例为根据,可以明确其常见难点和突出领域,亦可以提供具体规则和规范意义,进而最终实现“案例之治”。检察机关实质性化解行政争议的制度建构是职能、过程及案例的系统发展。

一体化视野下自由刑执行衔接机制的困境与出路

我国的自由刑执行需要司法机关、执行机关以及安置帮教机构的协同配合。然而,多部门在自由刑的执行过程中呈现出交付执行衔接脱节化、执行变更衔接割裂化、执行完毕衔接滞后化、执行监督衔接形式化的现实表征。自由刑衔接困境的形成是执行理念、执行体制以及刑事治理体系综合形塑刑罚执行机制的结果。为此,应当以习近平法治思想中的系统观念统合多部门之间的工作理念,以特殊预防为目标统筹指挥不同机关的协作配合,以刑罚适应性原则促进自由行执行与刑事治理体系的协同发展。遵循国家的顶层设计,从刑罚执行的管理机制、指挥机制、协调机制三方面入手,促进自由刑执行全链条管理、统一性指挥、适应性协调的现代化转型。