Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems for Single Family Dwellings: Innovation Concepts

Growing consumer interest in distributed Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Systems and industry competition to reduce installation costs are stimulating the development of deploying these materials to the residential sector of the building industry. This emerging market continues to attract the attention of many stakeholders, yet cohesive opportunities to deploy in residential sectors, specifically detached single-family dwellings, is scattered. As a result, this study of literature and implementation strategies through simple examples looks to identify several characteristics related to BIPV. Characteristics that were studied in this initial pilot study were design considerations for system selection, applicability to residential construction, and system and material options and enhancements. A case-study home was analyzed demonstrating opportunity for implementation of BIPV on an existing residence. Strategies for maximizing the energy-generating capacity of the system to achieve net-zero energy performance, including all building surfaces and landscaping were also explored. This body of work provides a state-of-the-art review on common materials as well as the more customizable types.

Generating capacity adequacy evaluation of large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic sys- tems have become an essential part of modem electric power distribution systems. In this paper, a novel approach based on the Markov method has been proposed to investigate the effects of large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems on the reliability of bulk power systems. The proposed method serves as an applicable tool to estimate performance （e.g., energy yield and capacity） as well as reliability indices. The Markov method frame- work has been incorporated with the＇ multi-state models to develop energy states of the photovoltaic systems in order to quantify the effects of the photovoltaic systems on the power system adequacy. Such analysis assists planners to make adequate decisions based on the economical expectations as well as to ensure the recovery of the investment costs over time. The failure states of the components of photovoltaic systems have been considered to evaluate the sensitivity analysis and the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation, and expected energy not supplied. Moreover, the impacts of transitions between failures on the reliability calculations as well as on the long- term operation of the photovoltaic systems have been illustrated. Simulation results on the Roy Billinton test system has been shown to illustrate the procedure of the proposed frame work and evaluate the reliability benefits of using large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic system on the bulk electric power systems. The proposed method can be easily extended to estimate the operating and maintenance costs for the financial planning of the photovoltaic system projects.

面向能源互联网的家庭光伏发电系统经济效益优化调度模型

随着能源互联网的快速发展,越来越多的家庭安装了光伏发电系统。为了使用户已经安装的光伏发电系统发挥出最大效用,达到收益最大化,本文充分考虑了在峰谷分时电价政策下,家庭光伏发电系统的卖电收入、购电成本、政府补贴和系统维护成本等因素,建立了分时电价下家庭光伏发电系统经济效益优化调度模型。模型以剩余电量中上网卖电的分配比例和不足电量部分中从电网买电的分配比例为优化变量,以用户收益最大化为目标函数,并利用粒子群优化算法,完成了对优化调度模型的求解过程。最后通过具体的算例分析,充分验证了所提模型的正确性和优越性。

考虑不确定性的分布式家庭并网光伏系统鲁棒优化能量调度

分布式家庭并网光伏系统是太阳能产业规划的重要组成部分,其能量优化调度模型是一项重要研究课题。针对系统中光伏出力的不确定性,对其采取区间形式表示。以系统运行成本最小为目标,计及系统功率平衡约束等多项必要约束条件,建立分布式家庭并网光伏系统的能量优化基本模型。通过鲁棒优化框架将能量优化调度基本模型中含不确定变量的约束条件转化为确定性约束,从而建立分布式家庭并网光伏系统鲁棒优化能量调度模型。采用改进萤火虫算法对所建立的模型进行求解。仿真算例表明,所建立模型得到的系统运行方案能够在实际运行中具备良好的鲁棒性,降低系统经济风险。

Technical design and environmental analysis of 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant in north-western Iran

Due to the fuel security and environmental concerns of traditional energy resources like fossil fuels,grid operators are tending to use renewable energies as the primary energy supply.This paper presents the study of designing,simulation and analysis of a 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant(PV-PP)in north-western Iran.Accurate meteorological data,satellite images and local knowledge from this region have narrowed down the options to three highly irradiated cities of Maragheh,Mahabad and Khalkhal in this region.PVsyst and MATLAB software are used in this paper to obtain the performance results.Environmental effects and carbon-emission savings from the execution of the proposed PV-PP are also available in this paper.The result of this study shows that PV-PP installation in Maragheh will have higher energy output than the two other cities.This study is insightful for the academics and the grid stakeholders in finding optimal spots in north-western Iran to construct a PV-PP.Also,recommendations are available for future studies.

家用新能源系统经济运行研究

在峰谷分时电价的基础上,研究了家庭光伏发电系统的储能经济调度模型。该系统充分考虑了光伏政策、售电收益、买电成本、系统的运行维护成本和蓄电池的折旧成本5个因素,建立了储能经济调度模型。结合光伏电池模型和蓄电池模型,计及荷电状态、储能充放电功率等约束条件,优化2个决策变量因子(售电比例ω和买电比例λ),以家庭用户收益和环保收益为目标函数,利用遗传算法思想对储能经济调度模型进行寻优求解。在Matlab软件中编程,通过传统调度策略和优化调度策略的对比,充分验证了模型的正确性和有效性。