Objective： This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units （NlCUs）. Methods： PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National...Objective： This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units （NlCUs）. Methods： PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang database, and VIP database were searched till November 2017. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and controlled clinical trials （CCTs） examining the effect of parental involvement in the NICU were considered for inclusion. Resulls： We included 10 studies （three RCTs, seven CCTs） with a total of 1,851 participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences on nosocomial infection between two groups （risk ratio [RR] = 0.90, 95% CI 0.63-1.30, P = 0.58）. Compared with no parental involvement groups, parental involvement groups showed more weight gain （mean difference [MD] = 1.47, 95% CI 0.65-2.29, P 〈 0.05）, higher breast-feeding rate （RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.53, P 〈 0.05）, lower readmission rate （RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.80, P 〈 0.05）, and higher satisfaction rate （RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： Parentaiinvolvement in the NICU interventions could not increase the rate of nosocomial infection of neonates, but could improve their weight gain, breast-feeding and parental satisfaction and decrease their readmission. However, since the conclusion of this meta-analysis was drawn based on the limited number of high-quality RCTs, more hioh-quality studies should be conducted in the future to confirm its positive intervention effects.展开更多
The wingless-related integration site(WNT)proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and are believed to be involved in evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates.WNT signaling p...The wingless-related integration site(WNT)proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and are believed to be involved in evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates.WNT signaling pathways may be associated with limb regeneration and development in crustaceans.However,the detail mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,the distribution of WNT4 in the hepatopancreas,muscle,hemocyte,ganglion,heart,eyestalk,gill tissue,and diff erent larvae development stages of the swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)were characterized using immunofl uorescence,real-time PCR,and Western blotting.Signifi cant PtWNT4 expression was detected in heart and eyestalk.In addition,PtWNT4 was expressed in all larval stages of P.trituberculatus with a dynamic expression pattern,especially in the eyestalk and other organs in the carapace area.The injection of WNT4 dsRNA into regenerative limbs signifi cantly decreased PtWNT4 mRNA levels in the eyestalk,heart,and muscle,resulting in 1.9-fold,2.2-fold,and 2.7-fold decreases compared with those detected in the group injected with crab saline(P<0.05),respectively,indicating successful gene silencing.Overall,expression analysis on the WNT4 using RNAi provides an insight to its functional mechanism during limb regeneration in P.trituberculatus.The results not only demonstrated the requirement for WNT4 in limb regeneration of Crustaceans,but also suggested its ability to promote larval development at specifi c stages.展开更多
Suppose X is a Banach space, and A is a closed operator. We give some equivalent conditions between A generating a local integrated cosine functions and the existence of solutions of abstract Cauchy problems.
Family integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minim...Family integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minimizing separation, and supporting parent-infant closeness. FICare incorporates psychological, educational, communication, and environmental strategies to support parents to cope with the NICU environment and to prepare them to be able to emotionally, cognitively, and physically care for their infant. FICare has been associated with improved infant feeding, growth, and parent wellbeing and self-efficacy;important mediators for long-term improved infant neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. FICare implementation requires multi-disciplinary commitment, staff motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness for change as professionals relinquish power and control to instead develop collaborative partnerships with parents. Successful FICare implementation and culture change have been applied by neonatal teams internationally, using practical approaches suited to their local environments. Strategies such as parent and staff meetings and relational communication help to break down barriers to change by providing space for the co-creation of knowledge, the negotiation of caregiving roles and the development of trusting relationships. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability within programs supporting parental presence in neonatal units and the profound impacts of parent-infant separation. New technologies and digital innovations can help to mitigate these challenges, and support renewed efforts to embed FICare philosophy and practice in neonatal care during the COVID-19 recovery and beyond.展开更多
This paper summarizes the design and implementation notes of the CodDdBase system,which is a corn binative distributed database management system family based on an integrated object model.CoDdBase is implemented in C...This paper summarizes the design and implementation notes of the CodDdBase system,which is a corn binative distributed database management system family based on an integrated object model.CoDdBase is implemented in CLUSTER 86,a general purposed object-oriented programming language designed by the authors.The CoDdBase environment is actually a part of the CLUSTER 86 programming environment,which offers various object-based models,supplies miscellaneous building blocks for constructing different distributed DBMS's,and provides integrated programming tools to develop new ways and new models in response to changing application needs.展开更多
Importance:Parent-infant closeness and active parent participation in neonatal care are important for parent and infant health.Objective:To give an overview of current neonatal settings and gain an in-depth understand...Importance:Parent-infant closeness and active parent participation in neonatal care are important for parent and infant health.Objective:To give an overview of current neonatal settings and gain an in-depth understanding of facilitators and barriers to parent-infant closeness,zero-separation,in 19 countries.Methods:Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)professionals,representing 45 NICUs from a range of geographic regions in Europe and Canada,were purposefully selected and interviewed June–December 2018.Thematic analysis was conducted to identify,analyze and report patterns(themes)for parent-infant closeness across the entire series of interviews.Results:Parent-infant separation during infant and/or maternity care is very common(42/45 units,93%),despite the implementation of family integrated care(FICare)practices,including parent participation in medical rounds(17/45,38%),structured education sessions for parents(16/45,36%)and structured training for healthcare professionals(22/45,49%).NICU professionals encountered four main themes with facilitators and barriers for parent-infant closeness on and between the hospital,unit,staff,and family level:Culture(jointly held characteristics,values,thinking and behaviors about parental presence and participation in the unit),Collaboration(the act of working together between and within different levels),Capacities(resources and policies),andCoaching(education to acquire and transfer knowledge and skills).Interpretation:Implementing parent-infant closeness in the NICU is still challenging for healthcare professionals.Further optimization in neonatal care towards zero-separation and parent-infant closeness can be achieved by enforcing the’’four Cs for Closeness’:Culture,Collaboration,Capacities,andCoaching.展开更多
文摘Objective： This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units （NlCUs）. Methods： PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang database, and VIP database were searched till November 2017. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and controlled clinical trials （CCTs） examining the effect of parental involvement in the NICU were considered for inclusion. Resulls： We included 10 studies （three RCTs, seven CCTs） with a total of 1,851 participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences on nosocomial infection between two groups （risk ratio [RR] = 0.90, 95% CI 0.63-1.30, P = 0.58）. Compared with no parental involvement groups, parental involvement groups showed more weight gain （mean difference [MD] = 1.47, 95% CI 0.65-2.29, P 〈 0.05）, higher breast-feeding rate （RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.53, P 〈 0.05）, lower readmission rate （RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.80, P 〈 0.05）, and higher satisfaction rate （RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： Parentaiinvolvement in the NICU interventions could not increase the rate of nosocomial infection of neonates, but could improve their weight gain, breast-feeding and parental satisfaction and decrease their readmission. However, since the conclusion of this meta-analysis was drawn based on the limited number of high-quality RCTs, more hioh-quality studies should be conducted in the future to confirm its positive intervention effects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31602152)the Major Agriculture Program of Ningbo(No.2017C110007)the K.C.Wong Magana Fund in Ningbo University.The funding body had no role in the study design,experimental implementation,interpretation of data,or writing of the manuscript。
文摘The wingless-related integration site(WNT)proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and are believed to be involved in evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates.WNT signaling pathways may be associated with limb regeneration and development in crustaceans.However,the detail mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,the distribution of WNT4 in the hepatopancreas,muscle,hemocyte,ganglion,heart,eyestalk,gill tissue,and diff erent larvae development stages of the swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)were characterized using immunofl uorescence,real-time PCR,and Western blotting.Signifi cant PtWNT4 expression was detected in heart and eyestalk.In addition,PtWNT4 was expressed in all larval stages of P.trituberculatus with a dynamic expression pattern,especially in the eyestalk and other organs in the carapace area.The injection of WNT4 dsRNA into regenerative limbs signifi cantly decreased PtWNT4 mRNA levels in the eyestalk,heart,and muscle,resulting in 1.9-fold,2.2-fold,and 2.7-fold decreases compared with those detected in the group injected with crab saline(P<0.05),respectively,indicating successful gene silencing.Overall,expression analysis on the WNT4 using RNAi provides an insight to its functional mechanism during limb regeneration in P.trituberculatus.The results not only demonstrated the requirement for WNT4 in limb regeneration of Crustaceans,but also suggested its ability to promote larval development at specifi c stages.
文摘Suppose X is a Banach space, and A is a closed operator. We give some equivalent conditions between A generating a local integrated cosine functions and the existence of solutions of abstract Cauchy problems.
文摘Family integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minimizing separation, and supporting parent-infant closeness. FICare incorporates psychological, educational, communication, and environmental strategies to support parents to cope with the NICU environment and to prepare them to be able to emotionally, cognitively, and physically care for their infant. FICare has been associated with improved infant feeding, growth, and parent wellbeing and self-efficacy;important mediators for long-term improved infant neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. FICare implementation requires multi-disciplinary commitment, staff motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness for change as professionals relinquish power and control to instead develop collaborative partnerships with parents. Successful FICare implementation and culture change have been applied by neonatal teams internationally, using practical approaches suited to their local environments. Strategies such as parent and staff meetings and relational communication help to break down barriers to change by providing space for the co-creation of knowledge, the negotiation of caregiving roles and the development of trusting relationships. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability within programs supporting parental presence in neonatal units and the profound impacts of parent-infant separation. New technologies and digital innovations can help to mitigate these challenges, and support renewed efforts to embed FICare philosophy and practice in neonatal care during the COVID-19 recovery and beyond.
文摘This paper summarizes the design and implementation notes of the CodDdBase system,which is a corn binative distributed database management system family based on an integrated object model.CoDdBase is implemented in CLUSTER 86,a general purposed object-oriented programming language designed by the authors.The CoDdBase environment is actually a part of the CLUSTER 86 programming environment,which offers various object-based models,supplies miscellaneous building blocks for constructing different distributed DBMS's,and provides integrated programming tools to develop new ways and new models in response to changing application needs.
文摘Importance:Parent-infant closeness and active parent participation in neonatal care are important for parent and infant health.Objective:To give an overview of current neonatal settings and gain an in-depth understanding of facilitators and barriers to parent-infant closeness,zero-separation,in 19 countries.Methods:Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)professionals,representing 45 NICUs from a range of geographic regions in Europe and Canada,were purposefully selected and interviewed June–December 2018.Thematic analysis was conducted to identify,analyze and report patterns(themes)for parent-infant closeness across the entire series of interviews.Results:Parent-infant separation during infant and/or maternity care is very common(42/45 units,93%),despite the implementation of family integrated care(FICare)practices,including parent participation in medical rounds(17/45,38%),structured education sessions for parents(16/45,36%)and structured training for healthcare professionals(22/45,49%).NICU professionals encountered four main themes with facilitators and barriers for parent-infant closeness on and between the hospital,unit,staff,and family level:Culture(jointly held characteristics,values,thinking and behaviors about parental presence and participation in the unit),Collaboration(the act of working together between and within different levels),Capacities(resources and policies),andCoaching(education to acquire and transfer knowledge and skills).Interpretation:Implementing parent-infant closeness in the NICU is still challenging for healthcare professionals.Further optimization in neonatal care towards zero-separation and parent-infant closeness can be achieved by enforcing the’’four Cs for Closeness’:Culture,Collaboration,Capacities,andCoaching.
