An Investigation Into the Needs and Challenges of County-Level Family Education Guidance Services and Corresponding Improvement Measures

The delivery of targeted family education guidance services is essential for establishing a three-in-one education model that encompasses families,schools,and communities.It is also the key to creating a favorable educational environment that promotes the comprehensive and healthy development of individual students.To gain a comprehensive understanding of family education characteristics and trends in Chinese counties,accurately tap into the educational needs of parents,and effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in family education guidance services,this paper employed a quantitative research method based on a questionnaire survey and interview data from J district of C city after years of continuous monitoring of the quality of family education in the area,aiming to explore these issues and put forward several suggestions for improvement.The results indicate that the family learning environment and atmosphere in the district are generally favorable,while parental educational competence requires further improvement.Parents express a strong desire for interactive,systematic,and fragmented family education guidance from schools.Most parents acknowledge the significance of receiving guidance on family education,yet they are disinclined to actively engage in learning-related activities.While the operational mechanisms of county-level family education guidance services have been continuously improved,there is a need for greater overall coordination.Furthermore,the potential of school-led family education guidance services has yet to be fully tapped,and the scientific and professional standards of such guidance need to be further enhanced.Based on the aforementioned findings,we propose recommendations for improvement.Using J district’s effective improvement practices in management,curriculum,and teams as an example,we intend to explore practical ways to promote county-level family education guidance services and provide a valuable reference for the establishment of a comprehensive and effective system to improve such services.

Training of clinical pharmacists in psychiatric pharmacy services during the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment plans suitable for psychiatric departments,popular science of pharmacy,medical order review,real-time intervention,and medication education are summarized here.Due to the sudden public health incident,the service model of psychiatric clinical pharmacists should be addressed,as clinical pharmacists are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric diseases.Among the majors currently available in the clinical pharmacy training base curriculum,no psychiatry major has been set up in China yet;therefore,in this paper,we provide guidance in psychiatry pharmacy for those who wish to integrate clinical teams.

A family nurse-led intervention for reducing health services’utilization in individuals with chronic diseases:The ADVICE pilot study

Objectives:Intensive health services'utilization is common in older individuals affected by chronic diseases.This study assessed whether a structured family nurse-led educational intervention would be effective in reducing health services'use(readmissions and/or emergency service access)among older people affected by chronic conditions.Methods:This is a non-randomized before-after pilot study.A sample of 78 patients was recruited from two general practices in Italy and 70 among them were followed for 8 months.Standard home care was provided during the first four months'period(months 1-4),followed by the educational intervention until the end of the study(months 5-8).The intervention,based on the teach-back method,consisted of by-weekly 60-min home sessions targeting aspects of the disease and its treatment,potential complications,medication adherence,and health behaviours.Rates of health services'use were collected immediately before(T0),and after the interventions(T1).Differences in utilization rates were examined by the McNemar's test.Potential factors associated with the risk of health services'use were explored with a Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The sample(n=78)was predominantly female(n=50,64.1%),and had a mean age of 76.2(SD=4.8)years.Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent disease(n=27,34.6%).McNemar's test indicated a significant reduction in health services'use at T1(McNemar χ^(2)==28.03,P<0.001).Cox regressions indicated that time and patient education,as well as their interaction,were the only variables positively associated with the probability of health services'use.Conclusion:A teach-back intervention led by a family nurse practitioner has the potential to reduce health services'use in older patients with chronic diseases.

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion.Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning,and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.

It’s Not Just the Money: Why Consumers Do Not Purchase Pharmacist-Provided Services

The reimbursement model for pharmaceutical care remains a barrier to successful widespread implementation of pharmacist-provided services. In some instances, community pharmacists have been successful in obtaining direct compensation for services from patients;however, evidence suggests that lack of patient demand for pharmacist-services may ultimately undermine the campaign for widespread third-party payment. The purpose of this study is to conduct a secondary analysis of data indicating consumer/patients’ rationale for not purchasing pharmacist-provided disease management services when offered the opportunity to do so in community pharmacies. Our review of the data indicates that while financial concerns are clearly important in consumer demand for pharmacist-provided services, other considerations exist. The consumer/patient belief that pharmacist-provided services are duplicative or that these services are not needed are significant barriers to overcome. Intensive education and marketing campaigns are needed to sway consumer opinion on the value of pharmacist-provided services.

Perceived barriers on mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness

Background:Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to improve mental health services.In 2014,the government established Law no 18,which is about mental health and the treatment of people with mental illness covered by the universal health coverage.However,many people still experience difficulty in accessing mental health services.In Indonesia,family plays the role ofa caregiver to people with mental illness.Objective:This study aims to identify the perceived barriers on mental health services by families whose members suffers from mental illness.Methods:This study is a qualitative research study with a phenomenological approach.Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling with a sample size of 12 participants.Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews.Thematic analysis was performed using Colaizzi steps.Results:The obtained results presented three themes.Theme 1,mental health service affordability;theme 2,mental health service availability;and theme 3,negative attitudes (stigma).Conclusion:Families whose members suffered from mental illness still experienced barriers in relation to mental health services even with universal health coverage,Improved mental health services are related to the health insurance coverage,affordability,availability of mental health services and stigma reduction in the health professionals and wide community.

Assessment of Clients Satisfaction in Family Planning Service Delivery in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care service delivery and it is directly related to the utilization of any health services. The family planning clinic remains one of the important health care delivery outlets where client satisfaction guarantees continuation of usage, hence this study. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the determinants of client satisfaction with the family planning (FP) services provided in Port Harcourt. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study conducted between 18th of June 2018 and 18th of July 2018. The target population is women of reproductive age group (15 - 49) who visited 11 randomly selected family planning health facilities in Port Harcourt during the study period. A set of exit interviewer-administered questionnaire (pretested for reliability and validity) was used for data collection from a sample size of 195 respondents;and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Standard deviation was used for continuous variable while categorical variables were presented in simple percentages and frequencies. The P value was set at <0.05 and confidence interval was 95%. Results: Age range 30 - 39 years constituted the largest proportion of 51.3%. A large proportion of the women (87.2%) expressed satisfaction with FP services provided. All respondents said the facilities were easily accessible, clean and were treated respectfully. However, only about half of the clients (51.3%) received their chosen contraceptive product after 1 hour. Conclusion: A huge proportion of family planning clients expressed satisfaction with family planning service delivery in Port Harcourt;not minding the longer waiting time. Implication of this is continued use and by implication improved contraceptive prevalence.

An Analysis of Employment-promoting Effects of Employment Service Policies-Based on Family Development

This paper aims at improving the employmentpromoting effects of employment service policies(ESP) to enhance family development. Based on process evaluation methods of public policy, there are three positive effects of ESP, but despite these effects we cannot overrate the performance of ESP. The problem is the double segmentation between urban and rural areas as well as among different regions, the poor basic fund, and the deviation of positioned policy support objects. Hence, China should regulate ESP as soon as possible to benefit family development.

Problems in Nursing Service in Shanghai Single-Child Families and Countermeasures

It has been 30 years since the family planning policy had been implemented in the last 1970s. Today, the first generation of only child has already reached thirties and their parents have entered into old age so that they may confront such a dilemma situation in which they should not only look after their own child but also take care of their parents. The paper find the different demand of the aging people in different type of family through the site investigation about pension service demand in three different kinds of communities in Cao Hejing. The survey mainly make a statistical analysis in economic situation, life care and emotional solace through the on-site questionnaire and interview, finding the particularity of the only child family, sorting out the best pension service strategy for the one-child family through the analysis research and the reference of international practice.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.

The Matching Status of Community Family-Care Service Supply and Demand in Shanghai

Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in public society. However, with the developing of economic and society, the traditional family＇ s structure and function is gradually being weaken, and the traditional idea of raising children for old age is deeply rooted, elderly people are reluctant to leave their original place. So community family-care is becoming the main endowment way. However, there is a big problem in the quantity and quality of service which is supplied by community, the project that a lot of elderly people really needs, the community does not provide, and some projects are now offered to elderly people, the quality still can not fully to meet the needs of older persons. Those problems are urgently need to be solved. This study aims to know the current status of community family-care in Shanghai, starting from the needs of older persons to allocate the community resources rationally, further improve the quality of the pension service, protect the interests of the elderly.

Reform and Reconstruction of the Rural Elderly Care Service System in the New Era

With decades of hard work,socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era.The transformation of the principal contradiction in the new era has imposed new and higher requirements on the rural elderly care service system.However,the current service system based on welfare-multiplex and urban community environment is often difficult to operate in the rural areas of central and western China.And the urban home care service for the aged is inappropriate to the rural reality;community service for the aged faces difficulties in practice;institution care for the aged develops slowly;the synergy among different elderly care service models is poor.Through observing the rural areas of central and western China in the field for a long time,this paper proposes to build the rural elderly care service system based on family supporting,supported by community mutual assistance care,supplemented by institution care for the aged,combined with medical care,and localized with diversified forms for targeted groups according to different realities.And the system should follow the fundamental guidance of development-oriented family policy,adhere to the governance mode of multiple subjects with one core and respect rural reality,which could provide a feasible way for the reform and reconstruction of the rural elderly care service system.

Paying for Environmental Services

The Amazonian economic occupation over the last forty years has been extremely harmful to the environment and to the traditional populations. One of the strategies to overcome this difficulty, dealing with sustainable development, is the development of productive units—starting with non-timber forest products (NTFP)—and the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) for the residents and/or owners of forest areas. The main problem which the literature demonstrates is that the estimated values paid for the PES are rather high, because they use the opportunity cost as reference, not considering the family reproduction social cost. The main aim of this study is to provide an alternative forecast of the value to be paid for the environmental services (PES) for the Amazon forest, based on the real costs of the forest communities maintenance, as based on the real economic needs of rural family production in the “Chico Mendes” Extractive Reserve (RESEX), in Xapuri (Acre state), Brazil. It was used a specific methodology, developed regionally, which measured and provided indicators to evaluate and to analyze the economic evolution of those families over the last decade. Based on the needs of family reproduction, the calculations require that the minimum value for PES should be US$13 per hectare, a far lower and more appropriate value than the literature’s average propositions that is around US$50 per hectare. The present paper estimates that the costs of the PES in the Chico Mendes RESEX would be approximately US$5,767,000 per year—taking into account the average area per family.

The Development of Community-Based Family Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study in Haidian, Beijing, China

The outbreak of Covid-19 affects China’s health delivery system, and the current status of primary health services after the Covid-19 pandemic is not yet clear. To further explore the current status of demands of family health services, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, in the community of Haidian District, Beijing. Chi-square test analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing residents’ demands for family healthcare services. Results show that population of married (OR = 3.108), living with parents (OR = 2.171), degree of Junior high school and above (OR = 7.250) and high school (OR = 7.670), Annual income: 0 - 56,000 (OR = 3.680) and 72,001 - 88,000 (OR = 1.690) have significant demands for family health care. The approach to building primary health services in Haidian District is worth promoting, but it is also important to pay attention to the health inequalities that can occur when patients are moved down to the grassroots level. .

2019—2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床服务现状分析

目的 分析2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床患者服务现状,为基层卫生机构家庭病床服务的可持续发展提供参考依据。方法 选取2019-2021年西安市莲湖区8家基层社区卫生服务中心的家庭病床,了解并分析家庭病床数量、患者基本情况、家庭病床费用、患者病种等相关情况。结果2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心的家庭病床数分别为134、238、360例;家庭病床患者年龄以≥80岁占比最高,为29.2%;2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床患者的性别、年龄、婚姻状况及医保情况无明显差异(P>0.05)。2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床年收入增长率分别为116.3%、71.0%,平均家庭病床费用增长率分别为16.7%、14.3%。2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床患者病种数占比较高的前3位分别是高血压病、2型糖尿病、冠心病。结论 2019-2021年西安市莲湖区基层社区卫生服务中心家庭病床服务需求以高血压病、2型糖尿病、冠心病等慢性疾病为主。基层社区应围绕家庭病床患者病种较为集中的慢性疾病以及其他有需求的病种提供服务。

家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷的开发与应用

目的:开发并应用家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷。方法:选取我国8469名已经或即将从事家庭医生工作的基层卫生机构医生为研究对象,采用自行开发的家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷对其进行调查。结果:基本医疗服务能力7项职责中,家庭医生具备承担常见病、多发病诊治职责能力的比例最高,为94.69%,社区康复服务和合理用药、用械职责能力的比例相对较高,分别为90.94%和90.75%。基层医生具备承担危急重症应急处置、医疗服务协同等职责能力的比例较低,分别为53.74%和56.68%。73.27%的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分,东、中、西部地区的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分者分别占73.72%、77.03%、67.49%。农村地区的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分者占74.62%,高于城市地区(70.63%)。全科医生基本医疗服务能力得分为7分者占比最高(27.48%),执业医师占比为19.99%。结论:本研究构建的家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷可行性和可靠性较高,家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷的应用有利于识别基层医生服务能力短板,能够反映家庭医生实际能力水平,符合基层工作实际情况,城乡家庭医生和不同类别的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力存在差别。

加入合作社对家庭农场适度规模经营的影响

本文在探讨家庭农场适度规模经营两种理论观点之争的基础上,基于中国社会科学院农村发展研究所2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)数据,采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)系统考察了家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应及其作用机制。研究发现:首先,加入合作社能够扩大家庭农场经营规模,推动家庭农场适度规模经营。经测算,当前中国家庭农场最优经营规模为188亩,因而家庭农场经营规模仍有扩大的空间。其次,家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应存在异质性,收入水平高、社会资本水平低和自有机械化水平低的家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应更明显。再次,加入合作社扩大家庭农场经营规模主要来自内部服务获取机制和外部资源获取机制,且合作社所提供的销售服务和金融支持对家庭农场经营规模扩大具有更强的促进效应。最后,耕地细碎化程度负向调节家庭农场加入合作社的规模扩大效应,耕地细碎化不利于加入合作社的家庭农场扩大经营规模。本文的研究为推动家庭农场适度规模经营,促进其与合作社融合发展提供了理论指导和决策依据。