The Application of Newmark’s Metaphor Theory in Novel Translation--A Case Study of“the Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”

This paper examines the metaphorical part of“The Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”,Hoda’s novel,under the guidance of Newmark’s theory of metaphor.Newmark proposes six categories of metaphors,namely Dead Metaphor,ClichéMetaphor,Stock or Standard Metaphor,Adapted Metaphor,Recent Metaphor,Original Metaphor;and seven strategies of metaphor translation,including reproducing the same image in the target language,replacing the image in the source language with a standard target language image,translation of metaphor by simile,translation of metaphor(or simile)by simile plus sense,conversion of metaphor to sense,deletion and same metaphor combined with sense.They can provide a strong theoretical support for analyzing the expressions of metaphors in novels and their translation methods.By deeply analyzing the expressions of metaphor and its translation methods in novels,it not only helps to understand the metaphorical meaning and cultural connotation of the original works,but also helps to explore the cultural differences and challenges faced by English and Chinese bilingualism in the process of metaphor translation,thereby significantly improving the translation level and promoting the development of translation research.

Reestablishing the Significance of“Family”in the Modern World

There are several misunderstandings about“family”in today’s world:first,“individual”and“family”are viewed as two incompatible choices of values;second,the existential experience of“affection towards their relatives(qin qin)”is confused with the institutional expression of“family”in history;third,the asymmetric structure of“family”is wrongly taken as the root of a relationship between superiority and subordination;fourth,there is a false assumption that one’s role and responsibility within the family is incompatible with freedom as an individual in the modern world;fifth,“family”is merely viewed as a social organization,and its identity as a spiritual and cultural existence is largely neglected.In that sense,the inherent value of“family”is overlooked in the modern world.Reestablishing an idea of“family”surrounded by“individual consciousness”in the modern context can clarify the positive value of“family”,make“family”a solid guarantee for the achievements of“individuals”,and effectively relieve the negative consequences of the“individual standard”.Meanwhile,the modern world must also renew the relationship between“cultivating the moral self and regulating the family”and“running the state rightly and making the world peaceful”,and help“family”exert a more universal influence.“Family”must be reinterpreted as a basic pattern of human existence and the modern world must redefine the ontological meaning of“family”as a carrier of“relationships”,an“emotional encounter”,an“ethical principle”,a“way of understanding the world”and a“method to transcend spiritually”.

电视广告的多模态语篇分析——以央视广告“Family”为例

信息技术的发展促使信息传递从单一的文字延伸到图像、声音、动画等多种模态。央视的一则公益广告"Family",主要以克瑞斯和勒文所构建的视觉模态分析框架为基础,从再现意义、互动意义和构图意义三个方面进行多模态分析,指出各模态间如何共同协作进行意义表达。

Key Elements of “Family” Life Style of Old-age Residential Facilities

The problem of old-age care in China is more and more serious. Under the background of continuous promotion of community old-age, the importance of research on the"family" life style of oldage residential facilities has become increasingly prominent. Through field survey of different types of oldage residential facilities and questionnaire interviews, the shortcomings of the old-age residential facilities in Xi’an were compared and summarized, and the key elements of "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities were concluded, which mainly include urban community embeddedness, family structure elements, indoor furnishings and accompanying care system. The "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities can not only maintain the "kinship" living needs, but also conform to the new direction of promoting the "community" of the old-age residential facilities in China.

英汉语“家／family”的认知社会语言学研究

语言反映了客观世界与认知的互动。对客观世界的认知不仅受到身体经验的制约，还受到文化语境的制约，体现为文化认知，不同语言幕后的文化认知导致语言在用法和语义上的变异。本文关注“家／family”在汉英两种语言中的用法和语义变异，通过概念隐喻和转喻理论的分析工具，对“家／family”不同的意义潜势及其用法作出文化认知的阐释。

“Ernsting’s Family”配送中心

凯斯斐德的这座配送中心坐落在一片特殊的乡村地带．用于“Ernsting's Family”公司纺织品连锁店的销售品准备工作和衣料运输。除了满足普通的运输需求外．大楼还创造了一个复杂多变的工作环境．来创造一个常规需求外的新形象。朝街的一条“羽翼”长56m、宽76m、高16m，包含劳动密集型功能，其中有一所具备大型温室的俱乐部。顶部配置的12根明亮的钢管．面向北面．每根直径长5m．高约7m．照亮走廊的上部地面。

热爱家庭 关爱他人——以“Jill’s Family”一课为例

《牛津英语》4AM2U2的教学主题是“Jill＇s Family”，主要是延续了3A的介绍家庭成员的语言知识，并在此基础上展开一般疑问句的教学。学生通过学习Look and say，能听懂“Do you have…”，并用“Yes，I have…／No，I don’t”等句型作出正确的应答。家庭，这是一个和学生的实际生活有着密切联系的内容，学生对这个话题已很熟悉了。通过本课的学习，学生体会到如何热爱家庭，关心他人。在整个教学过程中深入挖掘家庭意识，将其渗透到每一个环节的教学中，并从家庭成员联想到其他有关的人或物，如：Classmate，teacher等。

苏州市实验小学教育集团：打造学术型教师“Family”

“教师教育学生，不是站在学生前面牵他们着走，而是拉着他们的手，和他们一同成长。”葛戴丹老师面对三位专家导师，表达着自己的学生观。“可是我们都知道，观念和行动之间或多或少会有一些差异。如何证明你是这样践行着你的学生观？”专家直截了当地提出质疑。这是一场针对苏州市实验小学教育集团学术型教师团队培养工程的遴选。

忆童年——贝纳利重庆“龙庭Family”车友欢聚活动圆满举行

你是否还记得儿时最爱的玩具、 曾经在菜花田里追逐的昆虫？ 那些让我们玩得不亦乐乎的简单游戏, 微不足道, 却让我们收获快乐。 童年是最纯真最难忘的岁月, 是回忆时嘴角那一抹会心的笑。

Therapeutic Communication Methods Targeting Families and Family Members: A Literature Review

Background and Purpose: Therapeutic communication is a new term in family health care nursing, defined by Hohashi (2019) as a method of family intervention, and characterized by inclusion of not only verbal conversation but also nonverbal interaction. However, specific therapeutic communication methods have not been systematized. The purpose of this study was to clarify therapeutic communication methods for families/family members from the perspectives of verbal communication and non-verbal communication through a review of existing literature. Methods: We conducted a search using the medical literature databases PubMed and Ichushi-Web using the keywords “therapeutic communication”. Analysis was performed on seven articles from PubMed and 14 articles from Ichushi-Web that described therapeutic communication methods performed by healthcare professionals for families/family members. Through directed content analysis, therapeutic communication methods were subcategorized, and classified into three categories: verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and verbal/non-verbal communication. Results: A total of 23 subcategories were extracted. Verbal communication included 11 subcategories, such as “asking questions using the communicatee’s words as they are”. Non-verbal communication included five subcategories, such as “noticing changes in the content of the communicatee’s story”. And verbal/non-verbal communication featured seven subcategories, such as “making the communicatee aware of one’s own beliefs”. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication methods included basic care/caring in family interviews/meetings, as well as verbal communication and non-verbal communication that act on family/family members’ beliefs. It is believed that changes in family/family members’ beliefs can be used to eliminate, reduce, or improve problematic conditions in the family. .

Clinical and Familial Characteristics of Ten Chinese Patients with Fatal Family Insomnia

Objective Fatal familial insomnia （FFI） is an autosomal dominant prion disease characterized clinically by inattention, sleep loss, dysautonomia, and motor signs. This study is aimed to investigate clinical and familial characteristics often Chinese Patients with FFI. Methods We identified ten FFI cases from the surveillance network for Creutafeldt- Jakob disease （CJD） in China.Final diagnosis of FFI cases was made in accordance with the WHO criteria for CJD.The main clinical features and family histories of these ten FFI cases were analyzed. Results The median age of ten cases at onset was 38 years （from 19 to 55）. The foremost symptoms seemed to be various, including sleep disturbances, vision disorder, dizziness and anorexia. Sleep disturbances appeared in all cases and lasted in the whole clinical courses. Progressive sympathetic symptoms, memory loss, movement disturbances, myoclonus and hypertension were also frequently observed. The median duration of the disease was 9.5 months. EEG and MRI did not figure out special abnormality. 14-3-3 protein in CSF was positive in five out of eight tested patients. Clear family histories were identified in 8 patients. Conclusion The data from our study confirm that the Chinese FFI cases have similar clinical characteristics as that of the Caucasian cases. Compared with other genetic CJD associated mutations, the genetic frequencies of D178N in PRNP are apparently high among the Chinese cases.

Family empowerment and quality of life of parents raising children with Developmental Disabilities in 78 Japanese families

Objectives: The families of these children experience distress both at the time of diagnosis and afterward.A top priority is to understand family empowerment,family function,and family members' quality of life (QoL) and to effectively support these families in Japan.The objective of this study was to assess the actual conditions of families living with children having DDs and to explore the factors associated with family empowerment and parents' QoL.Methods: We surveyed ninety-three parents (78 mothers,15 fathers) from 78 families which lived with children with DDs in the capital region of Japan.We assessed two main outcomes using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: Family Empowerment Scale (FES),World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26),and other six outcomes.Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: No medication,cooperation with child rearing,assistance from a developmental support center,solved problems related to child rearing,and higher scores in Problem Solving contributed to higher FES scores.Higher WHOQOL26 scores were related to being a full-time housewife,higher self-esteem,no developmental support,a broad emotional support network,higher scores in Problem Solving and Role Function,and lower scores in Affective Reaction and General Function.Conclusions: We revealed that family empowerment and QoL of parents rearing children with DDs in Japan were affected by various subscales of family function and other family attributes.Effective interventions for improving family empowerment and QoL should be researched in the future.

Family empowerment and associated factors in Japanese families raising a child with severe motor and intellectual disabilities

Objectives:Family caregivers raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities(SMID)experience the enormous burden of care.The concept of family empowerment is one of the important assessment indexes of family nursing from the perspective of providing comprehensive support for these families.The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the empowerment of families raising a child with SMID in Japan.Methods:We conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey involving 1659 primary caregivers raising a child with SMID through 89 special schools.We assessed the main outcomes using the Family Empowerment Scale(FES).We then conducted a multiple linear regression analysis to reveal the factors associated with family empowerment.Results:In total,1362 primary caregivers were included in our study.Our results show that factors contributing to high FES scores are higher age of the primary caregiver,higher education,greater recognition of regional support,lower childcare burden,higher utilization of home visit services,higher usage of a childcare institution,higher household income,and stronger family bonding.Conclusion:Healthcare professionals should carefully assess the state of family empowerment of the primary caregivers who are younger and those who have low education,low household income,high childcare burden,and fragile bonding with the family.Second,they should encourage such families to use regional support resources for childcare.That is,policy makers should consider ways to promote home visits and institutional services for the care of children with SMID,aiming especially for the provision of well-coordinated care and services.

Assessment of Quality of Life, Family Function and Family Empowerment for Families Who Provide Home Care for a Child with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities in Japan

Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID child) and the recognition of family function as a whole. Thus, to improve family members’ QoL, we should focus on individuals and also approach the family as a whole.

Identification of a LMNA (c.646C>T) variant by whole-exome sequencing in combination with a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) related gene filter in a family with familiar DCM

Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）is characterized by the dilated heart chambers and reduced systolic function in the absence of specific aetiology[1].Approximately one third of DCM cases are hereditary.In recent years,DCM concomitant with arrhythmias and sudden death resulting from gene mutation has been widely

FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHY──CLINICAL REPORT OF A FAMILY

This paper reports a familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) family in China. This family being investigated had 69 members of five generations. From the third generation, there have been 16 patients. The age of onset was about 3 to 5 decades. The initial symptoms were autonomic nerve symptoms, such as impotence, dyspepsia and diarrhoea, associated with the sensory loss of lower extremities. As the disease progressed, the upper extremities and motor ability were also involved. The duration of disease course was about 8-10 years, most patients died of infection and cachexia. Sural biopsy in 3 patients had showed positive Congo red staining. From the clinical view, this FAP family is similar to FAP I found in Japan. The true classification, however, should be confirmed by further genetic analysis.

Factors Affecting the Perception of Family Functioning among Couples in Child-Rearing Japanese Families

In family healthcare nursing, the family system unit (i.e., a group in which the members, seen as a whole, mutually interact) is the target of care. As nurses tend to obtain family-related information from particular family members in the clinical setting, when assessing families, they often confront the issue of the differences between the theoretical level and methodological level. Although this issue needs resolving for evidence-based family nursing practice, sufficient research is lacking on the methodology related to family assessment. The present study aimed to clarify the factors that affected evaluation of family functioning among couples. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 child-rearing families (couples) using the Survey of Family Environment (SFE) as a family functioning scale. Content analysis identified 12 factors that affected discrepancies in the couples’ evaluations and eight factors that affected agreement in those evaluations. These factors were classified into three categories: factors concerning family or family members;factors concerning questions related to the SFE;and factors concerning the view of the family as a whole. The results of this study should contribute to the development of family assessment tools and effective methods for evaluation of family care.

Aldo-keto reductase family member C3(AKR1C3)promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by producing prostaglandin F2α

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.

How to Apply Family Education in Little Women to Chinese Families

In recent years in China,family education has become more and more important.Family plays the most crucial role in children's education.So more and more parents begin to pay much more attention to family education than before.However,what ways are best for them to use?Most parents have no idea at all and some are trying to use some education methods learned from books.Little Women is a book from which we can learn a lot of useful things,the obvious one is family education.This novel was written by an American author in 19th century.As a result,both time and place are a little far away from people in China.But at that time,the March's family education did work very well and made far-reaching influence.So in the first part in this paper what will be introduced in is about finding out how the March's family dealt with those unpleasant things,and the second part will discuss some disadvantages of Chinese family education,then the third part will see if March's ways could be used in Chinese families or how to make some changes about their ways so that those ways could work in Chinese families as well as they did in the March's.

Genome wide investigation of Hsf gene family in Phoebe bournei:identification,evolution,and expression after abiotic stresses

Heat shock transcription factors(Hsfs)have important roles during plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.The identification and func-tion of Hsf genes have been thoroughly studied in various herbaceous plant species,but not woody species,especially Phoebe bournei,an endangered,unique species in China.In this study,17 members of the Hsf gene family were identi-fied from P.bournei using bioinformatic methods.Phyloge-netic analysis indicated that PbHsf genes were grouped into three subfamilies:A,B,and C.Conserved motifs,three-dimensional structure,and physicochemical properties of the PbHsf proteins were also analyzed.The structure of the PbHsf genes varied in the number of exons and introns.Pre-diction of cis-acting elements in the promoter region indi-cated that PbHsf genes are likely involved in responses to plant hormones and stresses.A collinearity analysis dem-onstrated that expansions of the PbHsf gene family mainly take place via segmental duplication.The expression levels of PbHsf genes varied across different plant tissues.On the basis of the expression profiles of five representative PbHsf genes during heat,cold,salt,and drought stress,PbHsf pro-teins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress.This systematic,genome-wide investigation of PbHsf genes in P.bournei and their expression patterns provides valuable insights and information for further func-tional dissection of Hsf proteins in this endangered,unique species.