Compression Properties and Energy Absorption of A Novel Double Curved Beam Negative Stiffness Honeycomb Structures

This paper presents the design of a novel honeycomb structure with a double curved beam.The purpose of this design is to achieve vibration isolation for the main engine of an offshore platform and reduce impact loads.An analytical formula for the force-displacement relationship of the honeycomb single-cell structure is presented based on the modal superposition method.This formula provides a theoretical basis for predicting the compression performance of honeycomb structures.The effects of structural geometric parameters,series and parallel connection methods on the mechanical and energy absorption properties are investigated through mathematical modeling and experimental methods.Furthermore,the study focuses on the vibration isolation and impact resistance performance of honeycomb panels.The results show that the designed honeycomb structure has good mechanical and energy absorption performance,and its energy absorption effect is related to the geometric parameters and series and parallel connection methods of the structure.The isolation efficiency of the honeycomb with 4 rows and 3 columns reaches 38%.The initial isolation frequency of the isolator is 11.7 Hz.

Unraveling the hydraulic properties of loess for landslide prediction:A study on variations in loess landslides in Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,China

Loess has distinctive characteristics,leading to frequent landslide disasters and posing serious threats to the lives and properties of local re sidents.The involvement of water repre sents a critical factor in inducing loess landslides.This study focuses on three neighboring cities sequentially situated on the Loess Plateau along the direction of aeolian deposition of loess,namely Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,which are densely populated and prone to landslide disasters.The variations in hydraulic properties,including water retention capacity and permeability,are investigated through Soil Water Characteristic Curve(SWCC)test and hydraulic conductivity test.The experimental findings revealed that Tianshui loess exhibited the highest water retention capacity,followed by Dingxi loess,while Lanzhou loess demonstrated the lowest water retention capacity.Contrastingly,the results for the saturated permeability coefficient were found to be the opposite:Tianshui loess showed the lowest permeability,whereas Lanzhou loess displayed the highest permeability.These results are supported and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.In addition,the water retention capacity is mathematically expressed using the van Genuchten model and extended to predict unsaturated hydraulic properties of loess.The experimental results exhibit a strong accordance with one another and align with the regional distribution patterns of disasters.

Investigating Stability Properties for Transition Metal Carbonate Precursors Using Universal Cluster Expansion Technique(UNCLE)as Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

The universal cluster expansion technique was used in this study to determine the binary phase diagrams for the transition metal carbonate precursors MCO3(M:Mn,Ni,Co).The use of mixed cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries such as NMC(Ni,Mn and Co)formulations,is a strategic approach to optimize performance,enhance safety and address cost and environmental considerations in the rapidly evolving field of energy storage.This study focuses on the cost issue related to lithium ion batteries by investigating the manganese rich NMC since manganese is more abundant and cost-effective.We doped MnCO3 with nickel and doped MnCO3 with cobalt then ran cluster expansion calculations to generate binary phases.The binary phase diagrams generated indicated that doping MnCO3 with nickel favours the Mn-rich side,while doping MnCO3 with cobalt favours 50%Mn-rich and 50%Co-rich.We further extracted the most stable structures from both binary diagrams and determined their electronic,mechanical and vibrational stabilities using DFT(density functional theory)calculations within the LDA(local gradient approximation)with Hubbard parameter(U).The electronic properties revealed that both materials are semiconductors due to their narrow energy band gap obtained while the mechanical properties showed that structures are mechanically stable since their necessary conditions for trigonal and triclinic systems were satisfied.

Potential Energy Curves &Material Properties

Potential energy curves govern the properties of materials. A critical analysis of the potential energy curve helps better understand the properties of the material. Potential energy curve and in turn the properties of any material depend on the composition, bonding, crystal structure, their mechanical processing and microstructure. The type, strength, and directionality of atomic bonding controls the structure and material properties viz., melting temperature, thermal expansion, elastic stiffness, electrical properties, ductility and toughness etc. This paper attempts to bring out the correlation between the potential energy curves with the properties of materials.

Biological properties of differently-aged human keratinocytes:population doubling time growth curve and cell cycle analysis

Objective To explore the biological properties of keratinocytes from differently-aged healthy human beings. Methods Keratinocytes from fetus,teenager and middle-aged groups were separated and cultured. The population doubling time (PDT) and cell growth curve in different cells were compared,and the cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results ① In primary culture of keratinocytes,the adherence time in middle-aged group was longer than that in fetus and teenager groups. However,all cell morphology showed no obvious differences. In subculture of keratinocytes,with donator’s age increasing,time of cell adherence prolonged,passage number decreased and differences in cell morphology were obvious. ② The average PDT of keratinocytes was shorter in fetus group than in teenager and middle-aged groups. But difference in cell growth curve between different passages was not observed. ③ Keratinocytes showed G2/M period in fetus group but G0/G1 period in teenager and middle-aged groups mainly. Conclusion As age increases,the biological properties of keratinocytes change obviously.

Estimation of Single-fibre Tensile Properties from the Bundle Tensile Curve of Polyester Fibres

Fibre bundle tensile curves can be used to characterise fibre processing properties and end-use performance directly and to predict single-fibre properties in theory. In this paper, the tensile behaviour of polyester fibre-bundles has been analysed in characteristic values and diagramming. The characteristic distributions which include the symmetry distribution on right part, SRBS′ (e), on left part, SLBS′(e) and the curve on base-line modification, MBS′ (e),based on the modulus distribution, BS′ (e), as well as the frequency density function of broken fibres, B′ (e), have been derived from the tail of bundle tensile curves. The theoretical and measured results show that the most important curves are MBS′ ( e ) and B′ ( e ) and can be used to estimate the breaking-extension distribution of single fibres. Especially for MBS′(e), the modulus distribution can accurately characterize single-fibre tensile properties and is no limitation as the calculation of B′(e) because the bundle specific stress Y(e) of no fibre breaking at extension e should be found at first.

Properties of intermediate-frequency vacuum arc in sinusoidal curved contact and butt contact

In this report,two new contact structures of a vacuum interrupter with a sinusoidal curved surface are proposed to improve the capability by increasing the surface area.The experimental investigation of vacuum arc at intermediate frequency(360-800 Hz)was conducted and the results were compared with a butt contact with the same contact diameter(41 mm)and the same material.By analyzing the arc behavior,arc voltage characteristics,arc energy,current interrupting capacity,ablation of the anode contact and condensation of the arc products at a 3 mm gap,the differences in their vacuum arc characteristics were determined.The correlations of their arc energy with the amplitude and the frequency of the current were also achieved.Analysis suggests that the ruled curved contact has strong application potentiality because of its low arc energy,low arc voltage noise and arc voltage peak,light ablation on the surface of the anode contact and high interrupting capacity.

FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF HYPERBOLIC CURVES

In this paper, we study the fractal properties of the hyperbolic curve introduced by J. Belair ([Be]). We obtain some conditions of nowhere-differentiability of this kind of curves and its Bouligand dimension, and find a class of curves which are almost everywhere differertiable and have Bouligand dimensions being greater than one simultaneously.

长期施肥对旱作雨养农田土壤水分特性的影响

[目的]探究长期不同施肥下农田土壤水分特性的变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系,为关中地区旱作雨养农田科学施肥提供科学依据。[方法]选取旱作雨养农田长期施肥定位试验的5个处理:不施肥(CK),单施氮肥(N),氮磷肥配施(NP),氮磷钾肥配施(NPK),有机肥与氮磷钾肥配施(MNPK)。采样测定土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、塑性、容重和水分特征曲线,通过V-G模型获得土壤水分特性参数和孔径分布,分析了长期施肥对土壤水分特性变化的影响。[结果]与CK相比,单施N处理仅显著提高土壤有机质(增幅6.8%)、容重(8.7%)和降低塑性指数(3.0%);其他施肥处理显著提高了土壤有机质(31.4%~78.4%)、阳离子交换量(1.5%~7.7%)、上塑限(8.1%~14.8%)、下塑限(7.9%~18.7%)和塑性指数(8.3%~10.4%),其中,MNPK处理增幅最大。所有处理土壤水分特征曲线的变化趋势基本相同,均可用V-G模型很好地进行模拟。与CK处理相比,MNPK处理显著提高了土壤田间持水量(39.0%)、凋萎系数(64.7%)、有效含水率(22.5%)、速效含水率(18.1%)和迟效含水率(37.5%),而其他施肥仅提高部分土壤水分特性指标。施肥处理均降低了土壤大孔隙比例,MNPK,NPK和N处理提高了土壤中、小孔隙比例提升。土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、容重和塑性指数对土壤水分特性指标变异的总解释度达99.99%(p<0.05),其中土壤有机质(55.2%,p=0.034)和阳离子交换量(40.7%,p=0.022)贡献显著。[结论]有机无机肥配施可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、土壤饱和含水率、田间持水量、有效含水率,更好地改善土壤持水和供水性能,是适合干旱半干旱地区雨养农业的施肥模式。土壤有机质和阳离子交换量是影响土壤水分特性的两个重要因素,土壤有机质与阳离子交换量越高,土壤持水性越强和有效水越多,提升土壤有机质水平是提高旱作雨养农田水分保蓄和利用效率的首要途径。

Gleeble高温拉伸样品标距段的选定对拉伸曲线的影响

Gleeble热模拟试验机是目前测定金属材料在高温条件下力学性能的主要设备之一。利用该设备进行高温拉伸试验时,样品属于局部加热,中间温度最高,向两侧随距离增大温度呈现递减状态,因此常选用温差在50~100℃范围内的区域作为标距段长度来获取最终的拉伸曲线。该文选取了两种棒材和两种板材,对其分别进行600、800和1000℃的高温处理,获得不同样品的加热区域温度分布情况,进而给出推荐的标距段长度。随后对4种样品分别进行800℃、应变速率0.1/s下的高温拉伸试验,获得不同标距长度下样品的高温拉伸曲线。通过对曲线结果进行分析,给出利用该设备进行高温拉伸时的样品选用和标距范围的建议。

底部双排配筋单孔空心预制梁力学性能试验研究

为了研究新型装配式单孔空心预制梁的抗弯承载力和变形性能,并提高其工作性能。试验共设计并制作了3根单孔空心预制梁和1根实心预制梁,通过试验和理论计算相结合的分析手段,重点研究单孔空心预制梁和实心预制梁的破坏机理、裂缝发展、荷载-挠度曲线、变形性能及抗弯承载力等。结果表明:单孔空心预制梁与普通实心预制梁的破坏特征相似,且其裂缝分布较均匀、间距小,延性好;在相同荷载作用下,单孔空心预制梁挠度大于实心预制梁,其整体受力变形性能相对优越。提出了截面有效面积等效法和混凝土轴心抗压强度等效法2种计算方法,通过对比分析发现,混凝土轴心抗压强度等效法计算值误差仅为0.82%,满足工程要求,而且单孔空心预制梁与实心梁相比还可节约材料8.72%。因此,单孔空心预制梁具有良好的应用前景。

分级动荷载下土石混合体滞回曲线形态特征试验研究

城市回填区地层多以松散土石混合体形式存在,自身结构孔隙率大、强度低、工程性能较差,对隧道施工扰动和地铁列车运行等动载作用十分敏感。滞回曲线可反映土体在动荷载作用下的变形、刚度及能量耗散等特征,研究土石混合体滞回曲线对回填区地铁的施工和运营安全具有重要意义。利用KTLDYN伺服电机控制式动三轴试验系统,采用分级加载的方式对回填区土石混合体试样进行了循环荷载试验,研究了含石量P、含水率ω、固结应力比k_(c)和加载频率f对滞回曲线的形态特征(包括中心间距d、长轴斜率k、滞回曲线包围面积S和不闭合程度ε_(p))和骨干曲线的影响。研究结果表明:土石混合体的典型滞回曲线整体呈长梭形,两端呈尖叶状。d、S、ε_(p)随着振级的增加呈非线性增大,k随着振级的增加呈对数关系衰减。同一振级下,d和ε_(p)随着P、k_(c)和f的增大而减小,随着ω的增大先减小后增大;k随着P、k_(c)和f的增大而增大,随着ω的增大先增大后减小;S与P呈正相关,随着ω的增大先增大后减小,随着k_(c)和f的增大而减小。当动应变相同时,动应力和骨干曲线斜率均随P、k_(c)和f的增大而不断增大;随ω的增大先增大后减小。

110 kV干式空心并联电抗器振动台试验与易损性研究

电抗器是变电站的重要设备之一,上部线圈由底部陶瓷绝缘子支撑,整体尺寸大、重心高。由于结构形式的特殊性,其在地震作用下的动力响应较为复杂。本文对110 kV干式空心并联电抗器进行了振动台试验研究,通过白噪声测定了电抗器的自振频率和阻尼比;在0.15g和0.5g人工地震动输入下,测量了电抗器关键部位的应变、加速度和位移响应,分析了电抗器在地震作用下的动力响应规律,探讨了电抗器的可能破坏模式,进一步计算了电抗器的地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明:电抗器的动力特性近似于单自由度体系,一阶自振频率为3.3 Hz,阻尼比为3.9%;电抗器在地震作用下的变形主要发生在绝缘子以及绝缘子-线圈连接部位,上部线圈可认为是刚体;与绝缘子相比,绝缘子-线圈连接部位的刚度较小,变形更集中,是电抗器的薄弱部位;0.15g人工地震动试验后,电抗器自振频率下降3.6%,0.5g人工地震动试验后,电抗器自振频率下降6.3%;根据绝缘子实测应变,考虑地震作用与其他荷载产生的总应力,电抗器的安全系数为2.14,仍然具有一定的安全储备;基于试验结果计算电抗器的地震易损性,抗震能力中值为0.965g,对数标准差为0.4。

变刚度复合材料层合板研究进展

变刚度复合材料层合板由纤维曲线铺放而成,可以实现刚度分布的变化设计,与传统固定铺层角的复合材料层合板相比,变刚度复合材料层合板在减少重量和成本的同时,也提高了结构性能。随着铺放设备的发展,目前已经能够利用自动铺放技术实现纤维的曲线铺放。同时,为提高复合材料构件的结构性能和满足不同的工程实际需求,铺层设计方法也从单一角度的直线铺层逐渐向变角度曲线铺层发展。本文首先介绍了变刚度复合材料层合板设计制造方法与有限元建模,接着在刚度分布、屈曲特性、失效行为等方面阐述了变刚度复合材料层合板力学性能的研究进展,然后结合南京航空航天大学复合材料工程自动化技术研究中心在变刚度复合材料层合板振动特性方面的研究,对变刚度复合材料层合板振动特性进行了分析和概括,最后对变刚度复合材料层合板未来的研究趋势进行了论述与展望。

超高性能海水海砂混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系

为研究超高性能海水海砂混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Seawater Sea-sand Concrete,UHPSSC)轴压应力-应变关系,探究钢纤维体积掺量对UHPSSC轴压力学性能和轴压应力-应变全曲线的影响,使用Instron 1346万能材料试验机测得UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线,借助Pycharm曲线拟合程序与已有混凝土应力-应变全曲线模型进行拟合与修正.结果表明:钢纤维掺量越高,轴压作用下UHPSSC的破坏程度越小,抗压强度和峰值应变也随之增加;已有模型拟合的UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线上升段与试验曲线比较相近,下降段后期差距较大;通过修正下降段形状参数,得到了更适用于描述UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线的修正模型,并验证该修正模型的适用范围.

广州原状花岗岩残积土非饱和力学特性的试验研究

【目的】为了研究原状花岗岩残积土的表观黏聚力和有效内摩擦角随基质吸力的变化趋势,【方法】以广州市白云区某医院在挖基坑的原状花岗岩残积土为研究对象,通过室内试验研究原状花岗岩残积土的矿物成分、颗粒级配曲线、基本物理性质指标和微观结构等,借助变水头试验研究原状饱和花岗岩残积土的渗透性,结合非饱和三轴固结排水试验与原状土的微观试验,解释微观结构在宏观层面上对残积土的渗透系数、崩解及基质吸力等的影响,探讨了不同类型土体土水特征曲线差异的原因。【结果】结果显示,研究对象的花岗岩残积土为残积黏性土,主要由高岭土、石英和云母等组成,土体内部孔隙大小不均匀且相互贯通。饱和状态下原状花岗岩残积土的有效黏聚力和有效内摩擦角分别为29.17 kPa和20.99°。【结论】结果表明,非饱和状态下,随饱和度的减小,基质吸力对花岗岩残积土的表观黏聚力和有效内摩擦角均有着明显的影响;Khalili给出的非饱和抗剪强度方程式对花岗岩残积土较为合适。

大掺量废玻璃混凝土受压基本力学性能研究

废玻璃掺入混凝土中有助于解决直接填埋废玻璃造成的环境污染问题,且具有改善混凝土性能的作用。选取粒径为1072μm的废玻璃颗粒和粒径为13μm的废玻璃粉分别大掺量替代混凝土中的砂和水泥,制备废玻璃细骨料混凝土和废玻璃掺合料混凝土,对两种混凝土进行流动性和抗压强度试验,研究废玻璃混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系变化规律和破坏形态,并利用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟两种废玻璃混凝土棱柱体受压破坏过程。研究结果表明:废玻璃细骨料混凝土和废玻璃掺合料混凝土流动性均随废玻璃取代率的增加而增强;废玻璃细骨料混凝土的力学性能在废玻璃取代率为15%时达到最佳;随着废玻璃取代率的增加,废玻璃掺合料混凝土抗压性能大幅减弱;利用过镇海模型计算得到的两种混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系曲线与试验曲线吻合较好;有限元模型能够较好地模拟两种废玻璃混凝土棱柱体单轴受压破坏过程。

Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze-thaw environment

For understanding the rock microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties subjected to recurrent freeze-thaw cycles, experiments for five groups of homogeneous sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles were conducted. After freezethaw, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) tests and impact loading tests were carried out, from which microscopic damage characteristics of sandstone and dynamic mechanical parameters were obtained. The results indicate that the porosity increases with the increase of cycle number, the rate of porosity growth descends at the beginning of freeze-thaw, yet accelerates after a certain number of cycles. The proportion of pores with different sizes changes dynamically and the multi-scale distribution of pores tends to develop on pore structure with the continuing impact of freeze-thaw and thawing. Dynamic compressive stress-strain curve of sandstone undergoing freeze-thaw can be divided into four phases, and the phase of compaction is inconspicuous compared with the static curve. Elastic modulus and dynamic peak intensity of sandstone gradually decrease with freeze-thaw cycles, while peak strain increases. The higher the porosity is, the more serious the degradation of dynamic intensity is. The porosity is of a polynomial relationship with the dynamic peak intensity.

EPS颗粒掺量对脱硫石膏基轻质复合材料性能的影响

为研究EPS颗粒对脱硫石膏基复合材料性能的影响,将EPS颗粒按50%~300%体积外掺加入脱硫石膏基复合材料中。从工作性能、物理性能、耐久性能、力学性能等方面分析了EPS颗粒掺量对复合材料性能的影响,并对其单轴应力-应变关系进行了拟合。研究结果表明:当EPS颗粒掺量逐渐增大时,除吸水率外,材料表观密度、导热系数,抗压、抗折强度等指标都呈现降低的趋势,而软化系数呈现上下波动的变化趋势,且除300%组外,都大于0.80;当EPS颗粒体积掺量为200%时,材料综合性能最佳,此时材料的密度为972.8 kg·m^(-3),导热系数为0.1751 W·(m·K)^(-1),软化系数为0.932,抗压强度、抗折强度分别为4.34、1.33 MPa。拟合的材料单轴应力-应变表达式与试验结果吻合良好。本文结果可为脱硫石膏基轻质复合材料的研究和应用提供一定的参考。

诺丽不同遮荫条件光响应模型筛选及其光合特性比较

光合作用是植物生长和发育的重要过程,而光响应曲线可以描述植物在不同光照条件下的光合速率与光照强度之间的关系。诺丽作为一种热作植物,明确其光合特性对于了解其生长和发育过程至关重要,而目前关于诺丽光合方面的报道相对较少。为了深入研究诺丽的光合特性及其环境适应性,本研究以4种(CK、T1、T2、T3)处理的诺丽为研究对象,采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定光强日变化、净光合日变化、光响应曲线,并采用4种常用光响应模型进行拟合,筛选最佳模型后得出相应光合特征参数。结果表明:光强日变化呈现单峰抛物线变化趋势,在中午12:00时日光强达到最大,而诺丽的净光合日变化则呈现倒“U”型变化,在6:00—10:00时快速上升,10:00—16:00这一阶段缓慢下降,到16:00时快速下降,二者日变化存在一定同步性和非同步性变化;不同处理之间,净光合速率(Pn)和光强(I)均随着遮荫度的增加出现明显的下降趋势;直角双曲线修正模型(MRHM)对诺丽光响应曲线拟合效果最好,除90%遮荫度外,其均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)较其他3个模型最小,分别为0.06~0.12和0.05~0.09;随着遮荫度增加,诺丽的光合表观量子效率(AQE)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)逐步下降,而光补偿点(LCP)逐步增加,表明在弱光诱导下,诺丽光合效率逐步下降,过度遮荫时甚至大幅下降,其高光效特性须在强光刺激下才能激活。本研究揭示了诺丽光合特性及其对不同荫蔽度的应对策略,为深入了解诺丽生态适应性提供理论依据,也为生产上诺丽开展林下种植或遮荫措施提供参考。