Accelerated generation of holograms with ultra-low memory symmetrically high-compressed look-up table

Computer-generated holography technology has been widely applied,and as research in this field deepens,the demand for memory and computational power in small AR and VR devices continues to increase.This paper presents a hologram generation method,i.e.,a symmetrically high-compressed look-up table method,which can reduce memory usage by50%.In offline computing,half of the basic horizontal and vertical modulation factors are stored,halving the memory requirements without affecting inline speed.Currently,its potential extends to various holographic applications,including the production of optical diffraction elements.

Discrete multi-step phase hologram for high frequency acoustic modulation

Acoustic holograms can recover wavefront stored acoustic field information and produce high-fidelity complex acoustic fields. Benefiting from the huge spatial information that traditional acoustic elements cannot match, acoustic holograms pursue the realization of high-resolution complex acoustic fields and gradually tend to high-frequency ultrasound applications. However, conventional continuous phase holograms are limited by three-dimensional(3D) printing size, and the presence of unavoidable small printing errors makes it difficult to achieve acoustic field reconstruction at high frequency accuracy. Here, we present an optimized discrete multi-step phase hologram. It can ensure the reconstruction quality of image with high robustness, and properly lower the requirement for the 3D printing accuracy. Meanwhile, the concept of reconstruction similarity is proposed to refine a measure of acoustic field quality. In addition, the realized complex acoustic field at 20 MHz promotes the application of acoustic holograms at high frequencies and provides a new way to generate high-fidelity acoustic fields.

Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise

In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse.

Implementation of natural hand gestures in holograms for 3D object manipulation

Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with virtual objects. Gesture interaction is a recent research topic, as it allows users to use their bare hands to directly interact with the hologram. However, it remains unclear whether real hand gestures are well suited for hologram applications. Therefore, we discuss the development process and implementation of three-dimensional object manipulation using natural hand gestures in a hologram. We describe the design and development process for hologram applications and its integration with real hand gesture interactions as initial findings. Experimental results from Nasa TLX form are discussed. Based on the findings, we actualize the user interactions in the hologram.

基于自由曲面光学元件的大视场光学成像系统

面向机载探测系统大视场光学成像的需求,开展了大视场光学成像系统光学设计、自由曲面光学元件超精密加工、形位误差同步检测以及系统集成与成像实验研究。首先,采用视场扩展法进行大视场自由曲面离轴反射光学系统的设计;其次,进行铝合金自由曲面反射镜纳米精度加工和高频抑制工艺探索,并实现了基于计算全息元件的自由曲面形位高精度检测;最后,进行了光学系统的装调集成与成像实验。结果表明,系统的视场角为30°×5°,全视场光学传递函数值大于0.7,接近衍射极限,最大像元均方根半径为2.075μm,自由曲面光学元件的面形精度均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)值优于20 nm,位置精度优于1μm,装配集成后能够满足大视场高分辨的场景使用要求,同时具备稳定可靠和快响制造等特点。

使用多核CPU-GPU异构系统快速生成计算全息图

为了充分利用计算机的计算性能提高基于点源模型的计算全息图(CGH)的生成速度,设计了基于多核中央处理单元(CPU)和图形处理单元(GPU)的计算全息图快速生成系统,并对该系统进行了优化。首先采用统一架构平台设计并实现了基于点源模型的计算全息图生成系统,提出了计算的优化策略;然后根据优化的计算公式来减少计算量;最后对任务调试等进行优化,构建CPU的并行计算系统,其中一个核心负责启动函数和传输数据,其余核心承担一部分计算任务,进一步提高计算速度。结果表明,设计的系统能让CPU和GPU的性能均得到充分利用,在同等配置的计算硬件条件下,生成计算全息图的加速比较GPU系统计算全息图的加速比提高了4~4.75倍,可以有效提高计算全息图的生成速度。该研究对快速生成3维场景全息图是有帮助的。

植物精油成分气相色谱保留指数的全息定量构效关系

气相色谱保留指数(RI)是色谱分析中的重要参数,但通过实验获取RI值的过程较为繁琐,需要建立一种简便、高效、准确的模型来预测RI值。本文搜集了60种植物精油成分的RI实验值,构建了精油成分化合物的结构性质与RI值之间的全息定量构效关系(HQSAR)模型。当碎片大小(fragment size)、碎片特征(fragment distinction)和全息长度(hologram length)模型参数分别设置为“1~4”、“C,Ch”和199时,可以建立最优HQSAR模型。利用外部测试集验证和留一交叉验证对模型进行检验,经外部测试集验证的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)、预测决定系数(Q_(F3)^(2))、一致性相关系数(CCC)和平均相对误差(MRE)分别为40.45、0.984、0.968和2.20%;经留一交叉验证的交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和MRE分别为72.56和4.17%。此外,HQSAR模型的分子贡献图表明,芳香族化合物的烷基链在连接了羟基基团后,其RI值会增大;脂肪族化合物中存在的长链烷基也会导致RI值增大。研究结果表明,所建立的HQSAR模型能够用于预测植物精油成分的RI值,并为其他精油成分RI值的预测提供可靠依据。

RFreeTrack:基于差分相位全息图的RFID非接触式鲁棒定位系统

针对复杂室内环境非接触式RFID目标定位误差大的问题,提出了RFreeTrack系统,其使用商用RFID设备计算出目标反射信号,实现了复杂环境下高精度非接触式目标定位。首先,提出了一种基于时间序列相似度的搜索方法用于校准静态信号,从而显著增强了目标反射信号提取的鲁棒性。然后,提出了基于差分相位全息图的非接触式定位方法,排除阅读器天线位置的影响,提升了定位准确度,降低了系统的部署难度。最后,实现了一个高精度的非接触式定位系统原型。实验表明,在复杂环境中使用校准后的静态信号提取出的目标反射信号相位,相较于现有方法误差降低了68.8%。基于校准过的静态反射信号,在复杂环境中使用差分相位全息图的定位误差平均值为0.040 8 m,相较于现有方法提升了50.6%。

Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.

基于全息投影技术的体感互动控制系统

本文设计基于全息投影技术的体感互动控制系统,有效控制用户体感互动操作过程。通过全息投影显像模块利用高速多分幅激光全息投影仪,感应用户操作手势及场景,获取用户及场景的激光全息图片,成像单元依据全息图片,利用金字塔结构获取用户及场景的全息影像;经由无线通信模块传输至体感互动控制模块,依据三维全息影像,建立手指几何模型,识别手指触碰投影面的状态,通过触碰投影面完成互动控制;利用体感互动面呈现互动画面。实验证明:该系统可有效构建用户及场景的全息影像,并有效控制体感互动操作过程;不同光束波长时,全息成像颜色效果较优。

基于体全息技术的空中成像系统设计

基于体全息的空中成像技术是一种新型的显示技术,具有空中成实像、无需任何介质和影像可触摸的特点。介绍了空中成像技术。针对空中成实像的显示需求,通过对全息成像的理论计算,设计了两步拍摄光路,实现了在高度100 mm处,形成大小79.8 mm×99.4 mm的实像,视场角为水平7.92°,垂直7.92°。结合传感技术形成空中无接触操作系统,该系统具有视觉体验和无接触的新型交互特点,为各行业发展提供新的技术选择。

The September 16, 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile Earthquake： characteristics of tsunami wave from near-field to far-field

On September 16, 2015, an earthquake with magnitude ofMw 8.3 occurred 46 km offshore from Illapel, Chile, generating a 4.4-m local tsunami measured at Coquimbo. In this study, the characteristics of tsunami are presented by a combination of analysis of observations and numerical simulation based on sources of USGS and NOAA. The records of 16 DART buoys in deep water, ten tidal gauges along coasts of near-field, and ten coastal gauges in the far-field are studied by applying Fourier analyses. The numerical simulation based on nonlinear shallow water equations and nested grids is carried out to provide overall tsunami propagation scenarios, and the results match well with the observations in deep water and but not well in coasts closed to the epicenter. Due to the short distance to the epicenter and the shelf resonance of southern Peru and Chile, the maximum amplitude ranged from 0.1 m to 2 m, except for Coquimbo. In deep water, the maximum amplitude of buoys decayed from 9.8 cm to 0.8 cm, suggesting a centimeter-scale Pacific-wide tsunami, while the governing period was 13-17 min and 32 min. Whereas in the far-field coastal region, the tsunami wave amplified to be around 0.2 m to 0.8 m, mostly as a result of run-up effect and resonance from coast reflection. Although the tsunami was relatively moderate in deep water, it still produced non-negligible tsunami hazards in local region and the coasts of farfield.

Circular Polarization Hologram Realized by Pancharatnam-Berry Phase in Microwave Frequency

Metasurfaces have shown great potential in controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves, making them suitable for holographic beam-shaping elements. Using the principle of array synthesis, holograms have been realized in microwave frequency to manipulate electromagnetic waves to generate specific field patterns. However, current research is almost based on linear polarization and has little analysis on the circular polarization microwave hologram. Herein, we propose a circular polarization hologram realized by sub-wavelength units with self-adaptively phase profiles of electromagnetic waves. The full, continuous control of the phase is achieved by using a single structure unit based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The inhomogeneity of wave-front is considered through amplitude and phase compensation which are essential to improve the quality of microwave hologram. The model achieves circular polarization hologram in microwave frequency and the clear field pattern is generated. The circular polarization hologram enriched the research field of microwave imaging, thus providing more inspirations for the development of various related techniques.

Dynamic-Response Analysis of the Branch System of a Utility Tunnel Subjected to Near-Fault and Far-Field Ground Motions in Different Input Mechanisms

There are few studies on the dynamic-response mechanism of near-fault and far-field ground motions for large underground structures,especially for the branch joint of a utility tunnel(UT)and its internal pipeline.Based on the theory of a 3D viscous-spring artificial boundary,this paper deduced the equivalent nodal force when a P wave and an SV wave were vertically incident at the same time and transformed the ground motion into an equivalent nodal force using a self-developed MATLAB program,which was applied to an ABAQUS finite element model.Based on near-fault and far-field groundmotions obtained fromtheNGA-WEST2 database,the dynamic responses of a utility tunnel and its internal pipeline in different inputmechanisms of near-fault and far-field groundmotions were compared according to bidirectional input and tridirectional input,respectively.Generally,the damage to the utility tunnel caused by the near-fault ground motion was stronger than that caused by the far-field ground motion,and the vertical ground motion of near-fault ground motion aggravated the damage to the utility tunnel.In addition,the joint dislocation of the upper and lower three-way joints of the pipeline in the branch systemunder the seismic action led to local stress concentrations.In general,the branch system of the utility tunnel had good seismic performance to resist the designed earthquake action and protect the internal pipeline fromdamage during the rare earthquake.

Far-Field Noise Induced by Bubble near Free Surface

The motion of a bubble near the free surface is solved by the boundary element method based on the linear wave equation, and the influence of fluid compressibility on bubble dynamics is analyzed. Based on the solution of the bubble motion, the far-field radiation noise induced by the bubble is calculated using Kirchhoff moving boundary integral equation, and the influence of free surface on far-field noise is researched. As the results, the oscillation amplitude of the bubble is weakened in compressible fluid compared with that in incompressible fluid, and the free surface amplifies the effect of fluid compressibility. When the distance between the bubble and an observer is much larger than that between the bubble and free surface, the sharp wave trough of the sound pressure at the observer occurs. With the increment of the distance between the bubble and free surface, the time of the wave trough appearing is delayed and the value of the wave trough increase. When the distance between the observer and the bubble is reduced, the sharp wave trough at the observer disappears.

Consistency of the directionality of partially coherent beams in turbulence expressed in terms of the angular spread and the far-field average intensity

Under the quadratic approximation of the Rytov＇s phase structure function, this paper derives the general closed-form expressions for the mean-squared width and the angular spread of partially coherent beams in turbulence. It finds that under a certain condition different types of partially coherent beams may have the same directionality as a fully coherent Gaussian beam in free space and also in atmospheric turbulence if the angular spread is chosen as the characteristic parameter of beam directionality. On the other hand, it shows that generally, the directionality of partially coherent beams expressed in terms of the angular spread is not consistent with that in terms of the normalized far-field average intensity distribution in free space, but the consistency can be achieved due to turbulence.

Phase-only stereoscopic hologram calculation based on Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm

A phase-only computer-generated holography（CGH） calculation method for stereoscopic holography is proposed in this paper.The two-dimensional（2D） perspective projection views of the three-dimensional（3D） object are generated by the computer graphics rendering techniques.Based on these views,a phase-only hologram is calculated by using the Gerchberg–Saxton（GS） iterative algorithm.Comparing with the non-iterative algorithm in the conventional stereoscopic holography,the proposed method improves the holographic image quality,especially for the phase-only hologram encoded from the complex distribution.Both simulation and optical experiment results demonstrate that our proposed method can give higher quality reconstruction comparing with the traditional method.

Vibration parameter measurement using the temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform

Real time digital recording and numerical reconstruction of a temporal digital hologram sequence have become feasible in recent years.They provide a new measurement method which enjoys the valuable advantages of being full-field,noncontact and high precision.In this paper,a combined method of temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform is proposed to measure the kinematic parameters of random vibration.A series of holograms are recorded by CCD camera and the original phase can be reconstructed by Fresnel reconstruction algorithm.The three-dimensional windowed Fourier transform is used to filter noise in phase and extract the instantaneous kinematic parameters of the specimen,such as the displacement,velocity and acceleration.An experiment is conducted on a chloroprene rubber latex membrane.Results demonstrate that the proposed method determines the vibration parameters precisely and enjoys many merits.

GRACE detection of the medium-to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2004 Mw9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth’s gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within GRACE monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10-8 m·s-2 in the region ranging ～40° from the epicenter, which is considered as the 'medium ffield' in this study. From the GRACE data released by Center for Space Research from August 2002 to December 2008, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian ffilter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by GRACE in the medium field have an average of (-0.20±0.06)×10-8 m·s-2, which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that GRACE is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry.