兴化湾海上风电场建设前后大型底栖动物群落变化

本研究基于2012年、2018年和2019年春秋季对兴化湾调查数据并结合历史资料,分析兴化湾海域海上风电建设前后,大型底栖动物多样性及优势种变化,探讨可能造成变化的原因。结果表明,从1985年至2019年,在海上风电工程建设后短时间内,大型底栖动物的生存环境受到一定程度的扰动,优势种主要以环节动物多毛类为主,其他类别例如软体动物小海螂(Leptomya sp.)、棱角贝(Gadila dominguensis)、节肢动物模糊新短眼蟹(Neoxenophthalmus obscurus)、棘皮动物棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)、洼颚倍棘蛇尾[Amphioplus(Lymanella)depressus]等交替出现。随着时间的变化,兴化湾大型底栖动物优势种整体趋于小型化,以抗干扰能力强的多毛类为主,其优势地位恢复较快,大型底栖动物在应对环境变化后具有自我恢复的能力。

基于运行数据的海上风电场功率特性分析

随着海上风电场并网容量的逐渐增加,海上风电功率的随机性与不确定性问题进一步对电网规划与运行提出挑战。针对缺乏实测数据导致目前海上风电出力特性研究不足的现状,该文基于海上风电场现场实测运行数据与区域电网负荷特性,围绕电网运行与调度关注的关键问题,分别从定性分析与定量分析的角度对海上风电功率波动性规律进行了分析与总结。研究结果表明,我国东南沿海海上风电功率拥有较高的容量可信度、具有昼高夜低的日内变化特征及秋高夏低的季节变化特征等。研究结果可用于中长期发电计划编制、调度决策、调峰调频容量配置等方面,为大规模海上风电合理消纳提供参考依据。

风电-潮汐综合能源系统连接到复杂电网时基于FACTS装置的电压稳定增强策略（英文）

当离岸风电场和海洋潮汐电场连接到复杂电网时,风速或海洋潮汐流速发生改变或者发生电气故障会引起电压波动,本文提出了一种解决方案。基于一种晶闸管控制电抗器的静态无功补偿装置提出了两种PI控制器,同时提出了用于降低电压波动增强电压稳定性的静止同步补偿器。并对该解决方案的性能进行了比较和分析。离岸风电场利用了流行的III型风能转换系统而海洋潮汐电场则利用了通用涡轮式感应发电机,配置两种PI控制器后的离岸风电场—海洋潮汐电场综合能源系统能够从周围环境中获取最大动能。

Integrated Equivalent Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Turbine for Large-scale Offshore Wind Farm Simulation

The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms(OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine(WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence, it is undoable to investigate the internal node information of the OWF in the electro-magnetic transient(EMT) programs. To fill this gap,this paper presents an equivalent modeling method for largescale OWF, whose accuracy and efficiency are guaranteed by integrating the individual devices of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) based WT. The node-elimination algorithm is used while the internal machine information is recursively updated. Unlike the existing aggregation methods, the developed EMT model can reflect the characteristics of each WT under different wind speeds and WT parameters without modifying the codes. The access to each WT controller is preserved so that the time-varying dynamics of all the WTs could be simulated. Comparisons of the proposed model with the detailed model in PSCAD/EMTDC have shown very high precision and high efficiency. The proposed modeling procedures can be used as reference for other types of WTs once the structures and parameters are given.

Integrated Optimal Siting and Sizing for VSCHVDC-link-based Offshore Wind Farms and Shunt Capacitors

It is economic and secure to determine the optimal siting and sizing of the offshore wind farms(OWFs)integrated into the AC system through voltage-source converter high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)links.In this paper,an integrated planning model for the VSC-HVDC-link-based OWFs and the capacitors is proposed,where a decomposition technique is presented to solve the proposed mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem and obtain the optimal solution.This model can optimize the siting and sizing of the OWFs to improve the voltage profile and reduce the adverse influence of the reactive power of the OWFs.With the proposed planning model,the total investment costs,operation costs and maintenance costs of the OWFs,VSC-HVDC links,and the capacitors can be minimized.Simulations on the modified IEEE 118-bus system show that the proposed integrated planning model can provide more economic scheme than the independent planning scheme,in which the capacitors are planned after the OWFs.Besides,a series of sensitivity analysis on certain equipment costs are studied to obtain the regular pattern for sizing VSC stations.

Simultaneous optimization of electrical interconnection configuration and cable sizing in offshore wind farms

Offshore wind farm(OWF) is the largest renewable energy resource. The electrical interconnection cost of OWFs is a considerable fraction of the overall design cost of the farm. In order to minimize the investment and operational costs, this paper proposes an optimization formulation to find the optimal electrical interconnection configuration of wind turbines(WTs), and the optimal cable sizing simultaneously. This simultaneous minimization of total trenching length and cable dimensions creates a complex optimization problem that is solved by the harmony search(HS) algorithm. In this paper, two distinct methods of full and partial optimal cable sizing areconsidered to comprehensively assess the optimal interconnection layout of OWFs. Furthermore, various shipping and burying costs as well as various WTs power ratings are considered in order to investigate their impact on the optimal electrical interconnection system. The optimal electrical interconnection design obtained by the HS algorithm corresponds to a lower cost that together with the technological developments can help policy makers increase the use of offshore wind energy as a feasible unlimited renewable resource in their energy production portfolios.

Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries:A Literature Review

There is an increasing demand for energy in the world.It is well known that non-renewable energy reserves will be irreversibly used at some point.The effects of climate change and limited fossil energy resources have led to an increasing interest in generating energy such as electricity from renewable energy resources.Wind energy is currently the most important renewable energy source for electricity generation which is rapidly becoming a key objective of most European and other countries due to a high demand,both economically and politically.Wind energy provides a safe,clean,sustainable and competitive alternative for conventional sources of energy.European countries like Germany,the Netherlands,United Kingdom,Denmark and Sweden are currently operating offshore wind farms(OWFs)and have plans to increase the production of electricity by wind power.The growth of OWFs has raised concerns about their impact on the marine environment.Focus of this review is to show possible impacts of OWFs on the physical and biological environment reviewing existing knowledge from the literature.