In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into thr...In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into three levels in accordance with the different stages: survival needs,interpersonal harmony and social responsibility,which are the needs hierarchies for farmers to satisfy themselves. We combine Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and farmers' rationality and confirm that farmers do have rationality and it is in a dynamic condition.展开更多
本文基于连续介质力学和理性扩展热力学分析流程,将L-S(Lord and Shulman)热弹性理论与声弹性理论相结合,建立L-S热声弹性理论的基本框架,包括运动学、力学与热力学、本构方程与演化方程、基本场方程四部分。在运动学部分,区分了Lagrang...本文基于连续介质力学和理性扩展热力学分析流程,将L-S(Lord and Shulman)热弹性理论与声弹性理论相结合,建立L-S热声弹性理论的基本框架,包括运动学、力学与热力学、本构方程与演化方程、基本场方程四部分。在运动学部分,区分了Lagrange描述和Euler描述,以及3种不同的状态和构形,同时针对热声弹性情况定义了两类从自然状态到初始状态的转变过程;在力学与热力学部分,给出了质量守恒定律、动量守恒定律、角动量守恒定律、能量守恒定律以及熵产不等式,从而引出经典不可逆热力学的局限性;在本构方程与演化方程部分,介绍了扩展不可逆热力学原理,并基于理性扩展热力学流程,推导了从自然状态到初始状态、从初始状态到最终状态的热声弹性本构方程与演化方程,将热流作为本构自变量并考虑了热流与应变和温度的相关性;在最后一部分给出了基本场方程的运动方程形式和适用于数值模拟的一阶速度-应力-热流-温度微分方程。展开更多
A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm de...A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm definition, and some vector-specific structures.展开更多
Based on the account of the vital role which the national finance played in supporting agriculture,the thesis presents the current situation of financial support for agriculture in China,in terms of the limited scale ...Based on the account of the vital role which the national finance played in supporting agriculture,the thesis presents the current situation of financial support for agriculture in China,in terms of the limited scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.On the basis of the brief introduction of the current level of Chinese farmers' income,the thesis discusses the effects of scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture on the farmers' income,according to the related data of financial support expenditure in agriculture and rural per capita net income.The results indicate that the calculating regression equation has a remarkable explanation power,reflecting the positive role of financial support expenditure in agriculture played by national finance in increasing the farmers' income.As regards the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture at present,according to the proportion from high to low,the expenditure primarily consists of three parts from high to low in sequence as follows:productive expenditure and funds for public undertakings,capital construction expenditure,and rural relief expenditure plus science and technology funds.Such sequence deviates from the marginal production effects of financial support expenditure in agriculture and the correlation of farmers' income,which demonstrates the severe irrationality of the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:on one hand,we should continue intensifying the efforts to support agriculture financially in order to form a regular increase mechanism;on the other hand,we should adjust and optimize the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture,and further crystallize the investment flows.展开更多
The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,howev...The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.展开更多
We elaborate relevant theories of farmers' relational network,including the Differential Model of Association,the Strength of Weak Tie,Strength of Strong Tie and Favor and Face.The farmers' relational network ...We elaborate relevant theories of farmers' relational network,including the Differential Model of Association,the Strength of Weak Tie,Strength of Strong Tie and Favor and Face.The farmers' relational network in the Differential Model of Association can be divided into three layers:strong tie,weak tie and irrelative relationship according to Granovetter theory.These three layers have deep influence on opportunity selection during the undertaking,financing and enterprise development.With rational knowledge of these layers,farmers may exploit undertaking resources.On the basis of these,we made detailed analysis on farmers' selection of relations in the opportunity selection,financing and enterprise development stages.展开更多
There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up,...There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up, changes in social economic structure have prompted the professionalization of farmers. To realize this trend and promote this transformation will be of significant importance to Chinese agricultural modernization.展开更多
The Valab project (Integrated Ecosystemic value-enhancement of the Guadeloupean Forest Agrobiodiversity) is a participatory action research that aims to explore the feasibility of diversification activities within the...The Valab project (Integrated Ecosystemic value-enhancement of the Guadeloupean Forest Agrobiodiversity) is a participatory action research that aims to explore the feasibility of diversification activities within the forest understorey. In the exploratory phase of the project, we studied stakeholders’ opinions on the positive and negative impacts of introducing livestock activities within a forest environment, as well as breeders’ constraints or motivations for setting up livestock units within agroforestry systems in the private forests of Guadeloupe. To establish a diagnosis of the current situation, 51 stakeholders (St) and 49 farmers (Fr) were interviewed on their perceptions, opinions, motivations and preferences. Forty-one percent of the St has had a generally positive appreciation of livestock activities, while on the opposite 31% have had a resolutely negative posture depending on their area of expertise. Their views on the possible positive effects or negative interactions between livestock and agroforestry activities were analysed in order to suggest possible approaches for the authorities or associations. Unanimously, the farmers replied that their motivations followed economic strategies: for self-consumption or sale. But their decision-making processes were also non-economic. Many of them (36% Fr) gave importance to their activity in the construction of their identity, whether it was through a desire to perpetuate traditions or to maintain family activities. The main constraints identified were natural constraints (61% Fr), including topography, climate and predators. While 28% of Fr notified their motivations for environmental protection. Another constraint was of a technical nature (44% Fr) since farmers asked for more technical references or support services. Further researches are required to study the interactions between animals and the undergrowth by describing their respective ecosystem services in order to enhance their positive interactions.展开更多
In this paper we examine single-step iterative methods for the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equation f (x) = x2 - N = 0 , for some integer N, generating rational approximations p/q that are optimal in the sense...In this paper we examine single-step iterative methods for the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equation f (x) = x2 - N = 0 , for some integer N, generating rational approximations p/q that are optimal in the sense of Pell’s equation p2 - Nq2 = k for some integer k, converging either alternatingly or oppositely.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agr...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agricultural businesses,the farmer's specialized cooperatives grow up rapidly in the development of the rural economy because of their characteristics which are consistent with the current rural economy. financial management is the core of the operation of farmer cooperatives,which directly affects the long-term sustainable development of cooperatives. Through the survey and analysis of the financial management of many farmers' cooperatives in Wei County,Hebei Province,this paper puts forward the deficiencies in the existing financial management of cooperatives. It also brings some reasonable suggestions to regulate and improve the financial management of cooperatives,in order to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives and realize better sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives.展开更多
Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingne...Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.展开更多
Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this pa...Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study.展开更多
The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is stric...The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)展开更多
Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivat...Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is tomato.The use of insecticide and fungicide were high,with many different formulations of the different class types recorded in use,(20%)endocrine disruptors,(40%)cholinesterase inhibitors,(35%)carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be.A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general use.Farmers applied pesticide once a week and they didn’t have specific instructions.The skin effects,headaches and dizziness are dominant.They do not have a good system of pesticide packaging management.For reducing pesticide application,we propose options of agro ecology.We suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine,control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products,fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these borders.Also,it needs urgent action from the federal and regional governments to formulate policy,design legislation,and enforcing for its implementation concerning the supply,transportation,storage,appropriateness,and application of harmful pesticides.展开更多
Rainfall and temperature are the important variables that are often used to trace climate variability and change. A Perception study and analysis of climatic data were conducted to assess the changes in rainfall and t...Rainfall and temperature are the important variables that are often used to trace climate variability and change. A Perception study and analysis of climatic data were conducted to assess the changes in rainfall and temperature and their impact on crop production in Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. For the perception study, 400 farmers were randomly selected from Farmer-Based Organizations (FBOs) in 4 chiefdoms and 30 Agricultural Extension Workers (AWEs) in the Moyamba district were purposely selected as respondents. Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s test of concordance was used to analyze the data collected from the farmers and AEWs. Data for the analysis of variability and trends of rainfall and temperature from 1991 to 2020 were obtained from the Sierra Leone Meteorological Agency and Njala University and grouped into monthly, seasonal and annual time series. Regression analyses were used to determine the statistical values and trend lines for the seasonal and annual time series data. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope Estimator were used to analyze the significance and magnitude of the trends respectively. The results of both studies show evidence of climate change in the Moyamba district. A substantial number of farmers and AEWs perceived a decrease in the annual rainfall amount, length of the rainy season, a late start and end of the rainy season, an increase in the temperature during the day and night, and a shortened harmattan period over the last 30 years. Analysis of the meteorological data shows evidence of variability in the seasonal and annual distribution of rainfall and temperature, a decreasing and non-significant trend in the rainy season and annual rainfall and an increasing and significant trend in seasonal and annual temperature from 1991 to 2020. However, the observed changes in rainfall and temperature by the farmers and AEWs partially agree with the results of the analyzed meteorological data. The majority of the farmers perceived that;adverse weather conditions have negatively affected crop production in the district. Droughts, high temperatures, and irregular rainfall are the three major adverse weather events that farmers perceived to have contributed to a substantial loss in the yields of the major crops cultivated in the district. In response to the negative effects of adverse weather events, a substantial number of farmers take no action due to their lack of knowledge, technical or financial capacity to implement climate-sensitive agricultural (CSA) practices. Even though few farmers are practicing some CSA practices on their farms, there is an urgent need to build the capacity of farmers and AEWs to adapt to and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. The most priority support needed by farmers is the provision of climate-resilient crop varieties whilst the AEWs need training on CSA practices.展开更多
文摘In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into three levels in accordance with the different stages: survival needs,interpersonal harmony and social responsibility,which are the needs hierarchies for farmers to satisfy themselves. We combine Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and farmers' rationality and confirm that farmers do have rationality and it is in a dynamic condition.
文摘本文基于连续介质力学和理性扩展热力学分析流程,将L-S(Lord and Shulman)热弹性理论与声弹性理论相结合,建立L-S热声弹性理论的基本框架,包括运动学、力学与热力学、本构方程与演化方程、基本场方程四部分。在运动学部分,区分了Lagrange描述和Euler描述,以及3种不同的状态和构形,同时针对热声弹性情况定义了两类从自然状态到初始状态的转变过程;在力学与热力学部分,给出了质量守恒定律、动量守恒定律、角动量守恒定律、能量守恒定律以及熵产不等式,从而引出经典不可逆热力学的局限性;在本构方程与演化方程部分,介绍了扩展不可逆热力学原理,并基于理性扩展热力学流程,推导了从自然状态到初始状态、从初始状态到最终状态的热声弹性本构方程与演化方程,将热流作为本构自变量并考虑了热流与应变和温度的相关性;在最后一部分给出了基本场方程的运动方程形式和适用于数值模拟的一阶速度-应力-热流-温度微分方程。
文摘A naïve discussion of Fermat’s last theorem conundrum is described. The present theorem’s proof is grounded on the well-known properties of sums of powers of the sine and cosine functions, the Minkowski norm definition, and some vector-specific structures.
基金Supported by Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences
文摘Based on the account of the vital role which the national finance played in supporting agriculture,the thesis presents the current situation of financial support for agriculture in China,in terms of the limited scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.On the basis of the brief introduction of the current level of Chinese farmers' income,the thesis discusses the effects of scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture on the farmers' income,according to the related data of financial support expenditure in agriculture and rural per capita net income.The results indicate that the calculating regression equation has a remarkable explanation power,reflecting the positive role of financial support expenditure in agriculture played by national finance in increasing the farmers' income.As regards the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture at present,according to the proportion from high to low,the expenditure primarily consists of three parts from high to low in sequence as follows:productive expenditure and funds for public undertakings,capital construction expenditure,and rural relief expenditure plus science and technology funds.Such sequence deviates from the marginal production effects of financial support expenditure in agriculture and the correlation of farmers' income,which demonstrates the severe irrationality of the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:on one hand,we should continue intensifying the efforts to support agriculture financially in order to form a regular increase mechanism;on the other hand,we should adjust and optimize the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture,and further crystallize the investment flows.
基金Supported by the Youth Program of Chongqing Social Science Plan(No.2012QNGL047)West Program of Humanistic and Social Science of Education Department(No.13XJC630006)+1 种基金Education and Teaching Program of Southwest University(No.2012JY037)Chongqing Science Committee Decision-making Subject(No.2013KXKT07)
文摘The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.
基金Supported by the Project of Rural Development Research Center of Anhui University (2011sk690)Innovative Experimental Program for Undergraduates of Anhui University (xj103575100)
文摘We elaborate relevant theories of farmers' relational network,including the Differential Model of Association,the Strength of Weak Tie,Strength of Strong Tie and Favor and Face.The farmers' relational network in the Differential Model of Association can be divided into three layers:strong tie,weak tie and irrelative relationship according to Granovetter theory.These three layers have deep influence on opportunity selection during the undertaking,financing and enterprise development.With rational knowledge of these layers,farmers may exploit undertaking resources.On the basis of these,we made detailed analysis on farmers' selection of relations in the opportunity selection,financing and enterprise development stages.
文摘There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up, changes in social economic structure have prompted the professionalization of farmers. To realize this trend and promote this transformation will be of significant importance to Chinese agricultural modernization.
文摘The Valab project (Integrated Ecosystemic value-enhancement of the Guadeloupean Forest Agrobiodiversity) is a participatory action research that aims to explore the feasibility of diversification activities within the forest understorey. In the exploratory phase of the project, we studied stakeholders’ opinions on the positive and negative impacts of introducing livestock activities within a forest environment, as well as breeders’ constraints or motivations for setting up livestock units within agroforestry systems in the private forests of Guadeloupe. To establish a diagnosis of the current situation, 51 stakeholders (St) and 49 farmers (Fr) were interviewed on their perceptions, opinions, motivations and preferences. Forty-one percent of the St has had a generally positive appreciation of livestock activities, while on the opposite 31% have had a resolutely negative posture depending on their area of expertise. Their views on the possible positive effects or negative interactions between livestock and agroforestry activities were analysed in order to suggest possible approaches for the authorities or associations. Unanimously, the farmers replied that their motivations followed economic strategies: for self-consumption or sale. But their decision-making processes were also non-economic. Many of them (36% Fr) gave importance to their activity in the construction of their identity, whether it was through a desire to perpetuate traditions or to maintain family activities. The main constraints identified were natural constraints (61% Fr), including topography, climate and predators. While 28% of Fr notified their motivations for environmental protection. Another constraint was of a technical nature (44% Fr) since farmers asked for more technical references or support services. Further researches are required to study the interactions between animals and the undergrowth by describing their respective ecosystem services in order to enhance their positive interactions.
文摘In this paper we examine single-step iterative methods for the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equation f (x) = x2 - N = 0 , for some integer N, generating rational approximations p/q that are optimal in the sense of Pell’s equation p2 - Nq2 = k for some integer k, converging either alternatingly or oppositely.
基金Supported by Tender Project of Agricultural University of Hebei Province(ZB201702)Research on Mechanism Innovation and Path Selection of Precise Poverty Alleviation-Based on Survey of 62 Poor Counties in Hebei Province&Social Science Fund Bidding Project of Agricultural University of Hebei Province in 2017(2016JD02)+3 种基金Research on Model and Mechanism Innovation of Industrial Precision Poverty Alleviation&Hebei Social Science Foundation Project(HB15GL072)Research on Innovative Path of Cultivating Mechanism of New Professional Farmers in Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area under the Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei&Key Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education(SD151020)Cultivation of New Professional Farmers in Hebei Province-Research on Concept,Mechanism and Path Innovation&Baoding Social Science Union Project(201501017)Research on Cultivation of New Professional Farmers in Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area and Integration of "Two New"-Based on the View of Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agricultural businesses,the farmer's specialized cooperatives grow up rapidly in the development of the rural economy because of their characteristics which are consistent with the current rural economy. financial management is the core of the operation of farmer cooperatives,which directly affects the long-term sustainable development of cooperatives. Through the survey and analysis of the financial management of many farmers' cooperatives in Wei County,Hebei Province,this paper puts forward the deficiencies in the existing financial management of cooperatives. It also brings some reasonable suggestions to regulate and improve the financial management of cooperatives,in order to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives and realize better sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Item(71373098)
文摘Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.
文摘Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study.
文摘The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)
文摘Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is tomato.The use of insecticide and fungicide were high,with many different formulations of the different class types recorded in use,(20%)endocrine disruptors,(40%)cholinesterase inhibitors,(35%)carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be.A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general use.Farmers applied pesticide once a week and they didn’t have specific instructions.The skin effects,headaches and dizziness are dominant.They do not have a good system of pesticide packaging management.For reducing pesticide application,we propose options of agro ecology.We suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine,control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products,fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these borders.Also,it needs urgent action from the federal and regional governments to formulate policy,design legislation,and enforcing for its implementation concerning the supply,transportation,storage,appropriateness,and application of harmful pesticides.
文摘Rainfall and temperature are the important variables that are often used to trace climate variability and change. A Perception study and analysis of climatic data were conducted to assess the changes in rainfall and temperature and their impact on crop production in Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. For the perception study, 400 farmers were randomly selected from Farmer-Based Organizations (FBOs) in 4 chiefdoms and 30 Agricultural Extension Workers (AWEs) in the Moyamba district were purposely selected as respondents. Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s test of concordance was used to analyze the data collected from the farmers and AEWs. Data for the analysis of variability and trends of rainfall and temperature from 1991 to 2020 were obtained from the Sierra Leone Meteorological Agency and Njala University and grouped into monthly, seasonal and annual time series. Regression analyses were used to determine the statistical values and trend lines for the seasonal and annual time series data. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope Estimator were used to analyze the significance and magnitude of the trends respectively. The results of both studies show evidence of climate change in the Moyamba district. A substantial number of farmers and AEWs perceived a decrease in the annual rainfall amount, length of the rainy season, a late start and end of the rainy season, an increase in the temperature during the day and night, and a shortened harmattan period over the last 30 years. Analysis of the meteorological data shows evidence of variability in the seasonal and annual distribution of rainfall and temperature, a decreasing and non-significant trend in the rainy season and annual rainfall and an increasing and significant trend in seasonal and annual temperature from 1991 to 2020. However, the observed changes in rainfall and temperature by the farmers and AEWs partially agree with the results of the analyzed meteorological data. The majority of the farmers perceived that;adverse weather conditions have negatively affected crop production in the district. Droughts, high temperatures, and irregular rainfall are the three major adverse weather events that farmers perceived to have contributed to a substantial loss in the yields of the major crops cultivated in the district. In response to the negative effects of adverse weather events, a substantial number of farmers take no action due to their lack of knowledge, technical or financial capacity to implement climate-sensitive agricultural (CSA) practices. Even though few farmers are practicing some CSA practices on their farms, there is an urgent need to build the capacity of farmers and AEWs to adapt to and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. The most priority support needed by farmers is the provision of climate-resilient crop varieties whilst the AEWs need training on CSA practices.
