Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In J...Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In Japan, 30-40-year-old buildings seem to have been planned and built with little thought about their future maintenances, which have made them very difficult to be repaired on a large scale. This is why effective management systems about dealing with the data should be strongly suggested. Since the Building Standard Law was amended on April 1, 2008, in Japan, the regular investigation and report for particular buildings are legally obligated every three years, thus a variety of useful data can be obtained through Kitakyushu City cases as well as former data personally obtained. With those data used usefully, systematization for the maintenance of the buildings will produce satisfactory results by building up a connection between those data and the long-term repair planning.展开更多
In the case study in Agricultural Area of Tibet, the process and characteristics of farmers' land use were surveyed by semi-structural interview questionnaire. By comparing the change of land covers and farmers...In the case study in Agricultural Area of Tibet, the process and characteristics of farmers' land use were surveyed by semi-structural interview questionnaire. By comparing the change of land covers and farmers' land decision in two periods, the spatial connection of them was obtained. And the relations among farmers' land decision, land use change and environment were examined by calculating emergy and value flow. The results show that: hunting the maximal profits is the primary aim of farmers' land decision; farmers' land decision is incompatible with sustainable land use presently; farmers' land decision and land cover can be embodied spatially by each other; the change of farmers' land decision can be monitored by observing the change of land cover, and the sustainability of farmers' land decision can be appraised by calculating emergy and value flow.展开更多
Local discourses on climate change adaptation are very relevant to many developing countries which suffer the most of climate change impacts. Smallholder farmers are a backbone to the Ghanaian economy. However, the ac...Local discourses on climate change adaptation are very relevant to many developing countries which suffer the most of climate change impacts. Smallholder farmers are a backbone to the Ghanaian economy. However, the activities of smallholder farmers are threatened by climate-related risk increasing their vulnerability. This study aims to review knowledge on climate change adaptation for the ultimate goal of fostering climate-resilience among smallholder farmers. This paper uses purposive sampling to systematically review recent available literature on the theme “adaptation of smallholder farmers in Ghana”. In order to avoid the duplication of the information and track data sources for accuracy purpose, Mendeley version 1.19.4 software was used to incorporate articles while MS EXCEL Version 2019 was used to categorize the types and key examples of adaptation strategies used by smallholders. It was found that the most utilized adaptation types are farm management and technology (67%) and diversification on and beyond the farm (20.6%) with less adoption for knowledge management, networks and governance (5.4%);farm financial management (4%);government interventions in rural infrastructure, the rural health care services, and risk reduction for the rural population (3%). Although the strategies enlisted above help to adapt to climate change, challenges such as poor and unsustainable agricultural practices, socio-cultural constraints, institutional barriers and under-representation of other regions (except Northern Ghana) in the study of climate change adaptation of smallholder farmers in Ghana remain. The study therefore advocates for strengthening the link between research institutions and the extension officers and enhanced deployment of agricultural extension services to smallholder farmers in the rural areas among others.展开更多
Based on data of 248 rural households in Pucheng County and Huxian County,we established the Two-Level Logit Model to analyze the willingness of farmers to adopt new technologies,its influence factors,and probability ...Based on data of 248 rural households in Pucheng County and Huxian County,we established the Two-Level Logit Model to analyze the willingness of farmers to adopt new technologies,its influence factors,and probability of successful adoption of new technologies.Results show that the willingness has positive correlation with whether the farmer is head of household,the educational level,occupation,agricultural loan,the number of family labor,and information dissemination channel,while it has negative correlation with non-agricultural employment proportion and whether the farmer is village cadre.In the model of the probability of farmers'successfully adopting new technologies,occupation,agricultural loan,planting area,gender and educational level are positively correlated,while age and non-agricultural employment proportion are negatively correlated.Largescale flow of rural labor plays a negative role in popularization of technologies in rural areas through influencing factors,including number of family labor,non-agricultural employment proportion,educational level,gender,and whether the farmer is village cadre.Finally,on the basis of results of empirical study,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening ability of farmers to adopt new technologies.展开更多
All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of Ch...All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of China and India respectively.African natural medicines(ANMs)are not part of national health systems on the African continent because of a lack of systematization frameworks.This article explores classical medical systems drawn from ancient African and Chinese cosmologies.A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 20 respondents selected using a purposeful sampling technique.The data were summarized into systematization frameworks for disease theories,etiology and pathogenesis,diagnosis and prognosis,and treatment including medicines and disease classification.The study findings revealed that in antiquity,Africa had systematic medical cosmologies,remnants of which are evident in current cultural health practices.Therefore,parallels can be drawn in relation to Chinese Taoist and Indian Tantric healing arts.Ancient Africans recognized Ra or iSithunzi(uMbhilini),which correspond to qi or prana and refer to energetic life force in Asian cultures.Shu and Tefnut(Nkomo weLwandle and Dungha Manzi)correspond to yin and yang or purusha and prakriti,the natural principles of polarised duality.The jing or oojas(physiological essences)and wu xing or pancha tattvas(five ele-ments and modes of nature)and their relationships with the zang and fu(five vital organs and visceral organs,respectively)also found their application in African medical cosmologies.The data revealed that ancient and contemporary ANM systems are based on the concept of con-sciousness(saa or ntu)and life force energy,ra.These cosmological concepts are predicated upon the Paut Neteru or Amathogo(archetypal forces)that prescribe properties to everything.On this basis,an African-Kemetic Health Preservation Theory was developed,which gives rise to African theories for disease etiology,pathogenesis,differential diagnoses,comprehensive prognosis,and holistic treatment regimens.In addition,we developed an uBu-Ntu bio-innovation model for integral research,inclusive innova-tion,local technology transfer,holistic enterprising,and conscious commercialization of African natural medicines.It is the intention of the authors to influence policy in the implementation of these theories,models,and frameworks for clinical application and socio-economic development.展开更多
The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based...The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.展开更多
Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he h...Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he himself was put in charge of the imperial library for about 20 years.He compiled the Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library (Wài Tái Mì Yào),a well-known miscellaneous medical masterpiece,which has been honored with a 'treasure handed down from ancient times'.展开更多
文摘Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In Japan, 30-40-year-old buildings seem to have been planned and built with little thought about their future maintenances, which have made them very difficult to be repaired on a large scale. This is why effective management systems about dealing with the data should be strongly suggested. Since the Building Standard Law was amended on April 1, 2008, in Japan, the regular investigation and report for particular buildings are legally obligated every three years, thus a variety of useful data can be obtained through Kitakyushu City cases as well as former data personally obtained. With those data used usefully, systematization for the maintenance of the buildings will produce satisfactory results by building up a connection between those data and the long-term repair planning.
文摘In the case study in Agricultural Area of Tibet, the process and characteristics of farmers' land use were surveyed by semi-structural interview questionnaire. By comparing the change of land covers and farmers' land decision in two periods, the spatial connection of them was obtained. And the relations among farmers' land decision, land use change and environment were examined by calculating emergy and value flow. The results show that: hunting the maximal profits is the primary aim of farmers' land decision; farmers' land decision is incompatible with sustainable land use presently; farmers' land decision and land cover can be embodied spatially by each other; the change of farmers' land decision can be monitored by observing the change of land cover, and the sustainability of farmers' land decision can be appraised by calculating emergy and value flow.
文摘Local discourses on climate change adaptation are very relevant to many developing countries which suffer the most of climate change impacts. Smallholder farmers are a backbone to the Ghanaian economy. However, the activities of smallholder farmers are threatened by climate-related risk increasing their vulnerability. This study aims to review knowledge on climate change adaptation for the ultimate goal of fostering climate-resilience among smallholder farmers. This paper uses purposive sampling to systematically review recent available literature on the theme “adaptation of smallholder farmers in Ghana”. In order to avoid the duplication of the information and track data sources for accuracy purpose, Mendeley version 1.19.4 software was used to incorporate articles while MS EXCEL Version 2019 was used to categorize the types and key examples of adaptation strategies used by smallholders. It was found that the most utilized adaptation types are farm management and technology (67%) and diversification on and beyond the farm (20.6%) with less adoption for knowledge management, networks and governance (5.4%);farm financial management (4%);government interventions in rural infrastructure, the rural health care services, and risk reduction for the rural population (3%). Although the strategies enlisted above help to adapt to climate change, challenges such as poor and unsustainable agricultural practices, socio-cultural constraints, institutional barriers and under-representation of other regions (except Northern Ghana) in the study of climate change adaptation of smallholder farmers in Ghana remain. The study therefore advocates for strengthening the link between research institutions and the extension officers and enhanced deployment of agricultural extension services to smallholder farmers in the rural areas among others.
文摘Based on data of 248 rural households in Pucheng County and Huxian County,we established the Two-Level Logit Model to analyze the willingness of farmers to adopt new technologies,its influence factors,and probability of successful adoption of new technologies.Results show that the willingness has positive correlation with whether the farmer is head of household,the educational level,occupation,agricultural loan,the number of family labor,and information dissemination channel,while it has negative correlation with non-agricultural employment proportion and whether the farmer is village cadre.In the model of the probability of farmers'successfully adopting new technologies,occupation,agricultural loan,planting area,gender and educational level are positively correlated,while age and non-agricultural employment proportion are negatively correlated.Largescale flow of rural labor plays a negative role in popularization of technologies in rural areas through influencing factors,including number of family labor,non-agricultural employment proportion,educational level,gender,and whether the farmer is village cadre.Finally,on the basis of results of empirical study,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening ability of farmers to adopt new technologies.
基金The authors would like to thank the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine for providing the necessary facilities and funding this project(2180071720034).
文摘All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of China and India respectively.African natural medicines(ANMs)are not part of national health systems on the African continent because of a lack of systematization frameworks.This article explores classical medical systems drawn from ancient African and Chinese cosmologies.A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 20 respondents selected using a purposeful sampling technique.The data were summarized into systematization frameworks for disease theories,etiology and pathogenesis,diagnosis and prognosis,and treatment including medicines and disease classification.The study findings revealed that in antiquity,Africa had systematic medical cosmologies,remnants of which are evident in current cultural health practices.Therefore,parallels can be drawn in relation to Chinese Taoist and Indian Tantric healing arts.Ancient Africans recognized Ra or iSithunzi(uMbhilini),which correspond to qi or prana and refer to energetic life force in Asian cultures.Shu and Tefnut(Nkomo weLwandle and Dungha Manzi)correspond to yin and yang or purusha and prakriti,the natural principles of polarised duality.The jing or oojas(physiological essences)and wu xing or pancha tattvas(five ele-ments and modes of nature)and their relationships with the zang and fu(five vital organs and visceral organs,respectively)also found their application in African medical cosmologies.The data revealed that ancient and contemporary ANM systems are based on the concept of con-sciousness(saa or ntu)and life force energy,ra.These cosmological concepts are predicated upon the Paut Neteru or Amathogo(archetypal forces)that prescribe properties to everything.On this basis,an African-Kemetic Health Preservation Theory was developed,which gives rise to African theories for disease etiology,pathogenesis,differential diagnoses,comprehensive prognosis,and holistic treatment regimens.In addition,we developed an uBu-Ntu bio-innovation model for integral research,inclusive innova-tion,local technology transfer,holistic enterprising,and conscious commercialization of African natural medicines.It is the intention of the authors to influence policy in the implementation of these theories,models,and frameworks for clinical application and socio-economic development.
文摘The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.
文摘Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he himself was put in charge of the imperial library for about 20 years.He compiled the Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library (Wài Tái Mì Yào),a well-known miscellaneous medical masterpiece,which has been honored with a 'treasure handed down from ancient times'.
