Floristic Composition, Population Structure, and Recruitment Status of Plant Species: A Case Study of Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Practices in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya

The technique of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is being promoted as a cost-effective approach for restoring degraded arable dry lands. Its effectiveness has been observed in many countries across the globe, where it is a traditional practice, and is now being encouraged across the African continent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of FMNR on floristic Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of woody Plant Species in the severely degraded Central Rift, Kenya. The study systematically assessed how FMNR influenced species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status from two sample plots involved in FMNR practices. Transect lines and quadrats methods were utilized to collect data, specifically regarding the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of woody plant species. Quadrats and sub-quadrats of varying sizes (10 m by 10 m, 5 m by 5 m, and 1 m by 1 m) were nested along the transect lines for data collection. Furthermore, measurements of tree growth and development, including root collar diameter, diameter at breast height (D130) and heights within the study blocks, were taken. The data was then analyzed using R-software. Results showed a marked progressive increase in numbers of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in all FMNR sites and reductions in all non-FMNR sites. The study advocates for widespread promotion of the FMNR practice both as an environmental conservation and restoration strategy.

Influences of population characteristics and natural resource endowment on renewable portfolio standard schedule design

Renewable portfolio standard （RPS） schedule requires a specified percentage of renewable electricity development by a specified date, and therefore directly determines the pace of renewable electricity in one area. The article aims to explore the ways the natural resource endowment and population characteristic affect the adoption of a RPS schedule. We used logistic regression to analyze the data of RPS dynamic schedules of 29 states and Washington, D.C. in the United States. Results show that local renewable potential and the interaction performance between citizen ideology and the league of conversation voters scoreboard are main factors affecting the choice of an RPS schedule, and the effect of the interaction performance between citizen ideology and LCV scoreboard has a higher significance. The finding suggests that strategies for developing renewable energy should be based on resources rather than economical level, and nublic education for environmental protection should be emphasized.

The Disputes over "Normal Development" and "Natural Growth" of Farmers' Cooperatives——On the Basis of Empirical Analysis on Farmers' Cooperatives in Deyang City

Combining the disputes on the "normal development" and "natural growth" existing in farmers' cooperatives and according to the actual investigation statistics, the management model selection and regulation (including model selection, policy encouragement, operation scale and scale selection ) of farmers'cooperatives in Deyang City, share structure and governance structure( including the establishment way and share structure, reserve sharing and dividend distribution, organization structure and policy-making mechanism), capital raising situation and financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Deyang City are analyzed empirically. It is pointed out the farmers' cooperatives should take the road "normal development".

Location Choice or Industrial Enterprises in China： Market Potential, Resource Endowment and Tax Burden

Using a New Economic Geography OVEG） model, this paper investigates the effect of market potential, natural resource endowment and tax burden on the location distribution of industrial enterprises in China. By applying data from 2000 to 2010 of 286 Chinese cities, this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the location of industrial enterprises of different time periods, regions and ownership systems. The results indicate that greater domestic market potential and international market demand are favorable to fostering or introduction of new enterprises. It also shows that coastal cities with better resource endowment are more attractive to corporate investment, while cities in interior regions have heavy and highly differentiated industrial tax burdens, which is unfavorable to the attraction of enterprises. In comparison, infrastructure and wage of cities have no obvious effect on enterprises＇ location choice. When it comes to enterprises of different ownership, domestic market potential and international market demand all have significant positive effects on the location distribution of foreign-funded enterprises, private enterprises and enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, while the level of urban industrial tax burden has an opposite effect. We find that the NEG model has a relatively strong explanatory power to the location of industrial enterprises in China.

Coupling Relationship Analysis on Households′ Production Behaviors and Their Influencing Factors in Nature Reserves:A Structural Equation Model

A households′production behavior directly influences the quality of the environment and determines the successful development of nature reserves.Meanwhile,the households′production behaviors are complicated by interrelated factors,such as protection attitudes,resource endowment,and family wealth.This research evaluated households near the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province,acquiring data from 436 households around Yang County and Ningshan County in the south slope of Qinling Mountains,China.Based on the collected data,we developed a structural equation model to evaluate the coupling relationships among households′ protection attitudes,production behaviors,resource endowment,and family wealth.The results showed that:1) households with great resource endowment had more negative attitudes,probably due to their greater protection costs;2) the households with higher education levels had worse protection attitudes;3) the households with more family wealth were likely to use fewer fertilizers,pesticides,and firewood;4) the households with more resource endowment showed less production and management behaviors;5) the enhancement of households' attitudes improved production behaviors to protection the environment,but the effects were not statistically significant.Our results provide a basis for the government's protection policy making,exploring the effective management measures that are beneficial for both nature reserve management and community development.

领导干部自然资源资产离任审计、环境规制与经济高质量发展

经过在生态环境治理等领域试点,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计已进入常态化阶段。本文以2014-2021年我国284个城市为样本,将资源型城市作为实验组,非资源型城市作为对照组,采用双重机器学习模型考察自2018年领导干部自然资源资产离任审计全面开展对资源型城市经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计不但能促进资源型城市经济高质量发展,而且还能提高经济高质量发展各个子系统的协调性。机制检验发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计通过增强政府环境规制强度来促进城市经济高质量发展。异质性分析发现,对处于衰退期以及所处地区审计强度较大的资源型城市而言,这种促进作用更强。

农业补贴下资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响

农机社会化服务作为小农户链接现代农业的桥梁,是发展农业机械化和规模化经营的重要手段,对推动农业现代化具有重要意义。在对江西省483户农户进行实地调查的基础上,采用二元Logistic模型实证分析农户资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响,并进一步分析农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的调节作用。研究结果表明:农户资源禀赋显著影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为,其中户主的健康状况、经营年限、家庭劳动力人数、熟识的村干部数量、农业收入占比、耕地面积显著正向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为,农机价值则显著负向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为。另外,农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农机社会化服务采纳行为有显著的正向调节作用。具体而言,农业补贴对人力资源禀赋中的健康状况、社会资源禀赋中的是否加入合作社、经济资源禀赋中的农业收入占比和自然资源禀赋中的耕地面积与农机社会化服务采纳行为的关系均有正向调节作用。基于此,提出落实好农业补贴政策、鼓励身体健康的高素质农民务农、鼓励政府部门与农民多交流沟通、增加农民收入等对策建议。

农牧交错区农牧民城镇化意愿及影响因素差异化研究--基于资源禀赋与主体认知视角

剖析农牧户城镇化意愿影响机制对农牧交错区城镇化高质量发展意义重大。基于资源禀赋与主体认知视角,对兴安盟突泉镇农牧户入户调查并采用二元Logistics模型分析农牧户城镇化意愿及影响因素差异性。研究发现:牧户城镇化意愿远低于农户,影响农牧户城镇化意愿的因素不尽相同,除年龄、政策了解度、人均年收入、宅基地用途等共同因素外,农户城镇化意愿另受地形位指数、人均耕地面积、再就业效益信心显著影响,牧户城镇化意愿另受距河流、镇区与草地距离、基础设施与社会保障满意度、住宅补偿与医疗保障效益信心显著影响。研究农牧户城镇化意愿影响动因并提出城镇化政策建议,可为加快农牧交错区城镇化提供路径参考。

论儿童道德发展中的自然禀赋及其教育启示

道德情感在道德教育中发挥着重要作用,能坚定道德认知,为道德实践提供精神引领。基于道德情感的作用分析,发现康德自然禀赋思想与其认识在一定程度上具有相通性。儿童身上具有智性情感“敬重”,这是康德直接所定义的“道德情感”,可以作为儿童道德发展中明确的自然禀赋,并将之视为推动儿童坚定天生的道德法则。康德自然禀赋思想可丰富道德情感的本体认识,即儿童的道德情感不仅是基于后天社会道德准则而显现的,还有自然原始的成分。儿童不是天生的道德无情者,他们“敬重”着天生的道德法则。在道德教育中需汲取自然禀赋思想的有益部分,发现儿童先验道德情感世界的“秘密”;儿童先天的“道德情感”可为后天道德情感的培养奠基,有益于增强对后天社会道德准则的认同,这也是在自然禀赋基础上的扩充。

农户务农人力资本禀赋对农地经营权抵押价值的溢价影响

在中国农地经营权抵押实践中,出于管控经营风险的考量,金融机构一般采用市场法而不是收益法评估被抵押农地经营权的价值,这种评估法往往忽视务农人力资本禀赋创造财富的价值作用,低估了农地经营权价值,从而潜在性诱致农户面临生产性融资约束。利用2022年中国西部4省原国务院、地方政府授权农地经营权抵押试点区1 539份实地调研数据,结合收益和市场两种评估法核算出的农地经营权抵押价值溢价差值,探究农户务农人力资本禀赋对农地经营权抵押价值的溢价影响。研究结果表明:在控制其他变量后,农户务农人力资本禀赋对农地经营权抵押价值溢价具有显著的正向影响。务农人力资本数量禀赋显著降低农地经营权抵押价值溢价影响概率和影响程度,而务农人力资本质量禀赋的影响则与之相反,经内生性和稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,农户务农人力资本禀赋对农地经营权抵押价值溢价的正向影响在户主为青年、中年与农地经营规模大的家庭中更明显。因此,应当建立务农人力资本禀赋评价制度、创新“抵押+务农人力资本禀赋”评估方法,在农地经营权抵押实践中量化、变现并最终认可农户务农人力资本禀赋创造的经济价值。

农业社会化服务绿色发展效应的理论框架与研究展望

在经验事实和政策设计层面,农业社会化服务都被赋予了绿色发展效应的功能,但农业社会化服务的绿色发展效应问题,尚未得到系统研究。本研究从农业农村现代化的宏阔背景出发,通过建构一个整合性的理论框架,尝试将农业社会化服务与绿色发展的表征变量-农业绿色全要素生产率,纳入统一分析框架,并以其分解项-农业绿色技术效率与农业绿色技术进步作为中介变量,解释农业社会化服务绿色发展效应的作用机理,将异质性的农户要素禀赋作为调节变量,解释其在何种情形下对农业社会化服务产生绿色提升效应。未来的研究可以据此蓝本,进一步细化研究视角,丰富拓展作用效应路径;利用农业大数据,在大样本持续追踪的基础上,深入考察政策冲击效应等若干议题。这一理论框架可为重新探求小规模农业的现代化之路提供理论依据,有助于优化面向农户的社会化服务供给,实现农业功能的拓展性转化,为政府重新设定现代农业政策发力点提供了现实可能。

名山风景区诗画意蕴及其生成机制研究——以浙江天台寒岩-明岩景区为例

【目的】学界多关注诗画艺术与市井宅园的关联与相互作用,缺乏对于自然山水之诗画意蕴表达及形成机制的相关研究,故着眼于实际案例,尝试分析人文艺术与自然胜境间的耦合作用,力求明晰传统园林意匠“取法自然”之具体衍化过程。【方法】立足风景园林实体层面,围绕天台寒岩-明岩景区这一典型案例,以史考与史论为依据,结合现场测绘与实地踏勘开展研究。【结果】以寒岩-明岩为代表的中国传统名山风景区多以优越的自然禀赋为先导,以历朝持续开发为前提,由文士阶层通过诗画创作完成了审美主体之于山水客体的“离身认知”;士人欣赏/游历山水过程中形成之美学经验运用于城市私宅园林营建之工程实践,又进一步实现了从“离身认知”向“具身认知”的跃迁。【结论】通过梳理总结寒岩-明岩本身之自然禀赋与文艺创作间的相互影响与正反馈机制,为当地合理开发利用风景旅游资源、打造文旅融合新局面、推动地区产业升级提供启示与借鉴。

四川省燃气发电产业发展相关问题探讨

布局建设燃气发电机组,可提升电力安全稳定供应水平;燃气发电在顶峰时可发挥保供作用,在极端情况下可兜底保障。四川省燃气发电存在气源未得到保障、燃气机组调度运行有待优化、管网供气能力与气电项目用气需求不匹配、燃气发电价值与价格不一致、设备集中供应矛盾突出、接入系统设计不合理等问题。针对存在的问题提出了建立燃气机组发电用气保障机制、加快实施“两部制”电价、健全天然气市场体系、优化燃气机组调度运行、防范集中供货风险5项具体措施,可为四川省燃气发电健康发展提供有力保障。

自然保护区管制政策对周边农户生态保护行为的影响

基于辽宁省6个自然保护区周边956个农户家庭微观调查数据,采用最小二乘法(OLS)与倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,探究自然保护区管制政策对周边农户生态保护行为的影响,分析农户生态认知在自然保护区对周边农户生态保护行为影响的中介效应。结果表明:自然保护区政策对自然保护区内农户的生态保护行为产生显著正向影响;自然保护区周边农户的生态保护行为是在其生态认知的影响下而形成的理性选择;不同等级的自然保护区管制政策和差异化的农户生计方式对自然保护区周边农户生态保护行为的影响具有异质性。基于此,提出开展宣传教育,引导农户树立正确的生态价值观;完善奖惩制度,发挥自然保护区政策激励和约束作用;提高自然保护区周边农户生态旅游经营参与率,推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生等政策建议。

县域经济高质量发展的动力机制研究——以咸阳市淳化县为例

作为区域经济架构中的核心组成部分,县域经济的发展水平在很大程度上影响着整体经济的高质量发展,因此推进县域经济的高质量发展已成为实现全面高质量发展的必然要求和重要途径。基于此,以咸阳市淳化县为例,从自然资源禀赋、产业结构升级及有为政府三个方面,深入探讨并构建县域经济高质量发展的动力机制。

灾害环境下近代沿淮乡民的习俗信仰与文化生活

历史上,淮河流域灾害频发,尤其是近代以降,更是接连不断,给沿淮乡民的生产生活带来极大的破坏。灾荒过后,沿淮各地人畜淹毙,哀鸿遍野,田庐尽毁,乡民的物质生活和精神生活都处在极其贫乏状态中。灾害环境下,近代沿淮乡民的习俗信仰和文化生活受到深远影响,尤其在农事民俗、神灵信仰和文化娱乐等方面。淮河乡民通过农事习俗表达祈愿五谷丰登的美好愿景,希望通过神灵崇拜祭祀活动来祈福禳灾,近代沿淮地区的灾荒环境对农民文化生活的内容和方式产生了极大的影响,农民为了生存,其文化生活的主要任务是如何禳灾祈丰,因此,其文化生活主要是表达人们祈盼美好生活的愿景。

流域自然资源禀赋综合分析评价

以云南省九大高原湖泊流域和赤水河流域(云南段)为研究单元,基于第三次全国国土变更调查和相关行业数据,统计流域内耕地、林地、草地、湿地、建设用地、水域等自然资源数量、质量、潜力情况,开展自然资源禀赋单项和综合分析。验证了以流域为研究单元时,自然资源禀赋计算方法的可行性和存在的问题,分析评价结果可为流域自然资源管理、国土空间规划等提供数据支撑。

农业补贴政策对不同资源禀赋农户种粮决策行为影响机理研究——以江西省为例

根据对江西省农户的调查,对当前农业补贴政策下不同资源禀赋农户种粮决策行为进行了实证分析,结果显示:农业补贴政策、交通资源禀赋、经营决策能力、家庭劳动力禀赋、粮食收入占比、耕地资源禀赋是影响农户是否种粮的主要因素;交通区位禀赋、经营决策能力、家庭劳动力禀赋、经济资源禀赋、社会资本禀赋和耕地资源禀赋是影响农户是否扩大种粮面积的主要因素;当前国家实施的农业补贴政策正向调节了耕地资源丰富且以粮食收入为主要收入来源农户的种粮决策行为,提高了其种粮积极性,一定程度上促进了种粮面积的扩大;在现行的农业补贴政策中,农户获得的补贴资金数量和补贴方式是影响农户种粮决策行为的最主要因素。

家庭禀赋对农户家庭经营技术效率的影响冲击--基于湖北省农户的随机前沿生产函数实证

本文采用超越对数生产函数形式的随机前沿模型,以湖北省农户的微观面板数据作为实证,对影响农户家庭经营技术效率的外生性因素进行了系统分析,归纳出以下几点结论:在其他条件不变的情况下,以农村教育和技术培训为代表的人力资本投资、农村信息化建设和耕地的细碎化耕种会给技术效率带来明显的正效应,农户的干部身份、外出务工以及获得的银行信用支持会在不同程度上恶化其技术效率水平,经营规模的扩大可以改善技术效率水平,但盲目扩大规模往往会得不偿失。在此基础上,文章还归纳出一系列政策建议来试图改善农户家庭经营的技术效率水平。

西部地区要素禀赋与体育产业发展的关系研究

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