A test on adverse selection of farmers in crop insurance:Results from Inner Mongolia,China

Adverse selection is an operating risk of crop insurance. Based on survey data on crop insurance collected by questionnaires in Inner Mongolia, China, the paper uses non-parametric analysis and econometric models to estimate the relationship between conditions for crop production and farmers＇ insurance decision in order to test the existence of farmers＇ adverse selection. The results show farmers＇ adverse selection does exist, but settling a claim by negotiation and premium subsidy from governments at all levels can defuse farmers＇ adverse selection under the current system of crop insurance. Risk regionalization, heterogeneous insurance contract and product innovation may decrease adverse selection to some extent.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance Market as in the Slovak Republic

The insurance industry in the Slovak Republic has become an important dynamically developing area of economy.Insurance affects all the activities into the national economy,touching every company,business,citizen,society,and foreign countries.The Slovak insurance market is developed.As at 31.12.2017,there operated 21 commercial insurance companies on the Slovak commercial insurance market.The evolution of the market in life insurance in recent years is more dynamic than in the non-life insurance.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic

The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.

The Potential of Commercial Pension Insurance to Develop into One of the Pillars of Rural Pension Insurance:A Study from the Demand Perspective

The development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is an effective solution for an aging society.Commercial pension insurance,as the third pillar of pension insurance,is an integral part of this system in China and can play a critical and complementary role in rural areas where support for the elderly is a more pressing concern and a second pillar of pension insurance remains absent.To this end,we first elaborate on the theoretical logic that commercial pension insurance can develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.We then empirically test rural residents’willingness to participate in a commercial pension insurance plan(CPIP)in a probit model with household research data from rural areas in major labor-exporting provinces,such as Sichuan and Henan so as to explore whether commercial pension insurance has the potential to become one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.Our research findings can be synthesized in three points.First,rural residents out of agricultural production for five consecutive years are more willing to participate in a CPIP than other rural residents,indicating that progress in industrialization and urbanization can significantly boost such willingness.Second,the younger rural residents are more inclined to participate in a CPIP than the older generation.Third,income increases can significantly boost rural residents’willingness to participate in a CPIP.Thus,with progress in industrialization and urbanization and an increase in rural disposable income,commercial pension insurance has a promising potential in rural areas and can hopefully develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.

Lin Zhongjie On Commercial Insurance Companies

China’s insurance industry has gradually picked up the pace to open the domestic insurance market along with the deepening reform of its insurance system. In addition to a few domestic insurance companies, some foreign insurance companies given approval to handle insurance business in China have also joined the market. In the face of the serious situation, how and what should China’s insurance industry do? To

Validity Evaluation of the Commercial Endowment Insurance Market in China

Aging of population will cause a series of socio- economic and population problems /exerting great pressure and challenge on the social security system.Through the connection of quantitative analysis,qualitative analysis,empirical study and normative study,as well as data collection and analysis of the state of supply and demand of the commercial endowment insurance market in China,this paper analyzes the factors that influence the effective demand and effective supply of the commercial endowment insurance in China,makes further analysis of the total amount and structure,and finally draws the conclusion on and puts forward advice about the effective development of the commercial endowment insurance market in China.

Practice and Research on Construction of Basic Life Security Program for Land-Expropriated Farmers in China

To set up basic life security program （BLSP） for land-expropriated farmers in the process of urbanization is an effective measure to solve existing issues in China. Theprogram, which Zhejiang Province initiated in the world, has great significance. Through deep investigation in ten cities, the thesis has normatively evaluated current situations, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of basic life security program for land-expropriated farmers in Zhejiang. Furthermore, it put forward some academic suggestions to further perfect and improve the system.

Analysis on the Current Situation of Social Security for Landless Farmers Under the Background of Urbanization

With the rapid development of China's social economy,the economy of various regions has rapidly improved.At the same time,people are paying more attention to the issue of farmers' social security.In order to realize the rapid development of regional economy and form a relatively stable social order,there is a need to improve the social security system of farmers so as to ensure that more people acquire basic social security rights.On this basis,based on the background of urbanization,this article studies the social security status of landless farmers in R city,and analyzes the old-age security as well as the medical insurance of landless farmers in R city.

商业健康保险的收入再分配效应研究——基于中国家庭金融调查数据

利用2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,研究不同收入水平群体购买不同类型商业健康保险的保险受益情况,评估商业健康保险的收入再分配效应。结果显示,商业健康保险存在逆向收入再分配现象;不断提高的筹资标准、高昂的医疗费用,是收入差距急剧扩大的重要因素;保险偿付能弥补保险缴费以及医疗支出后扩大的收入差距,但存在正向收入再分配作用不足、受益不公平现象。对此,应创新商业健康保险产品和服务,建立“商业健康保险+健康管理”模式,加大政府支持力度,促进我国商业健康保险的发展。

商业健康保险参与慢性病管理的SWOT分析及对策研究

商业健康保险参与慢性病管理的优势在于提供精准的健康管理方案、降低慢性病发生率及治疗费用等,劣势是慢性病保险产品供给不足、目标客户群体的保险认知度较低等,面临政府政策支持力度加大、社会健康需求增加等机会,但也存在区域性政策与慢性病现状适配度较低等威胁。对此,政府应明确商业健康保险的补充保障作用,优化区域性商业健康保险政策,构建健康大数据平台和共享机制;商业健康保险公司要以新兴科技为抓手,打造定制化保险产品和服务,提升“支付+服务”慢性病健康服务能力,通过精准宣传及有效营销,提高慢性病保险参保率。

Farmers' Risk Preferences and Agricultural Weather Index Insurance Uptake in Rural China

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of farmers' risk preferences on their decisions to purchase the agricultural weather index insurance based on the evidence from a household survey and field experiments conducted in Yongqiao District,Suzhou City of Anhui Province in China.Our empirical results show that farmers' risk aversion significantly increases the probability of their decision to buy weather index-based crop insurance.Other factors that significantly influence weather index insurance participation decisions include farmers' subjective beliefs on the probability of crop losses,farming experience,education level,farm size,and their household income.The empirical results of this study can provide helpful insights for policymakers and local insurers to further improve farmers' participation in weather indexbased crop insurance.

Effect of Social Capital on Performance of Smallholder Farmer Organizations in Western Kenya

Development literature has recently promoted the use of producer organizations in linking farmers to better-paying commodity markets. However, empirical studies find mixed performance of such organizations. This study examines the producer organizations＇ internal factors that may explain the differences in the performance of producer organizations. The study specifically analyzes the role of social capital, within a producer organization, on the performance of such organization using quantitative techniques. The level of commercialization is used as proxy of organization＇s performance. The study finds that social capital positively affects the performance of producer organizations. These findings imply that development strategies that target the promotion commercialization of smallholder agriculture through producer organizations should pay attention to the internal factors within such organizations.

The Impact of Commercial Insurance on Household Financial Vulnerability

This research examines the effects of commercial insurance on household financial vulnerability using data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS). Data were collected from 39875households in 29 provinces of China. The probit model was used to test the relationship between the study variables. The results show that commercial insurance participation reduces the likelihood of a household’s financial vulnerability. Heterogeneity analysis found that commercial insurance participation had a more significant dampening effect on the financial vulnerability of households with low personal expenses, low-income, low human capital, rural areas, and the central and western regions, indicating that commercial insurance has a universal effect. This study offers several policy implications for combating household financial vulnerability. First, improving the commercial insurance protection system in both urban and rural areas could improve households’ risk management capacity. Second,establishing tax-rewarding policies to encourage households to participate in commercial insurance.Third, increasing the popularity of commercial insurance, particularly in rural areas, and exploring the rural commercial insurance market.

专利计量视域下医疗与健康保险机构间数据交互技术探析

目的/意义探析相关专利技术,为医疗与商业健康保险机构打通数据交互堵点、建构多层次医疗保障体系提供经验借鉴。方法/过程采用专利计量方法,围绕相关专利技术的时间趋势、地域分布、类别分布、文本聚类4方面分析医疗与健康保险机构之间的数据交互专利技术。结果/结论中国应重视数据交互在医疗与健康保险机构深化合作中的作用,增进高质量专利的申报、授权、运用和保护,重视跨界融合与技术驱动,创新专利布局以顺应技术发展和社会需求等。

金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与的影响研究——基于CHFS数据的实证

金融素养是个体具有的一种金融能力,对金融决策行为产生重要影响。文章基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS2019)数据,利用Probit模型和Tobit模型,实证分析金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与行为和参与深度的影响。研究表明:金融素养会显著促进农村家庭商业保险参与行为,对农村家庭商业保险参与深度有显著促进作用,对农村高收入家庭商业保险参与促进作用更加明显;家庭收入和风险态度在金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与影响中存在中介效应;家庭总资产、户主受教育程度和年龄会显著提升农村家庭商业保险参与。因此,文章提出加强农村金融知识普及教育,提升农村居民金融素养和金融能力;积极发展农村商业保险,提高抵御风险能力;全面推进乡村振兴,拓宽农民增收致富渠道等建议。

家庭化人口迁移、医保社商合作政策与商业健康保险消费

在家庭化人口迁移趋势愈加明显以及中国医保政策不断推进的背景下,商业健康保险在多层次医疗保障体系中的作用逐渐凸显。通过构建医保社商合作政策的“目标—工具—执行”评价体系,搭建政策编码数据库,对各省份医保社商合作政策的推进力度进行测度。在此基础上利用CHFS2019年数据,全面探讨家庭化人口迁移和医保社商合作政策对商业健康保险消费的影响。回归结果显示,随着家庭化人口迁移程度的加深,家庭对商业健康保险的消费意愿和消费程度均会显著增加;同时中国各地医保社商合作政策能够明显刺激家庭商业健康保险消费,而且将进一步扩大家庭化人口迁移对商业健康保险消费的拉动作用。由异质性分析可知,家庭化人口迁移和医保社商合作政策对商业健康保险消费的拉动影响在东中部地区、健康状况较好的家庭以及户主文化水平在高中及以上的家庭中更为明显。

共同富裕与“公平保险”

要实现共同富裕的发展目标,就要在不同阶层的社会成员之间建立公平分担风险的机制。在风险社会,人们面对着环境污染、气候变化、核威胁、瘟疫、经济衰退等多种风险。由于经济能力不同,富裕阶层和贫困阶层抵御风险的能力存在巨大差异。美国哲学家罗纳德·德沃金设想了一种“公平保险”,试图在经济能力不同、遭遇风险概率不同的人们之间建构一种分担风险的机制。商业保险对人们的经济能力和风险概率都是敏感的,不符合“公平保险”的构想。现行的社会保险制度对人们的经济能力敏感、对具体的风险概率不敏感,能够在风险概率不同的人们之间建构风险分担机制,但却很难在经济能力不同的人们之间建立风险分担机制。“公平保险”的构想为社会保险制度的改进指出了方向。

金融高质量发展助力强国建设背景下巨灾商业保险发展研究——基于粤港澳大湾区实践

推进保险业创新发展是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要部分,对加快建设中国特色现代金融体系、提高金融服务经济社会发展的质效具有重要意义。从粤港澳大湾区的实践来看,巨灾商业保险发展可以降低灾害风险对经济的影响,提升社会的整体巨灾应对能力,促进区域内跨境商业活动的顺利开展。文章解析了粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险的发展背景、制度设计和金融服务支持现状,深入分析了当前粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险发展中存在的个体覆盖问题、市场供给约束及法律保障制度缺陷,结合日、美三大著名湾区巨灾商业保险的发展经验,围绕金融高质量发展,从需求侧出发刺激巨灾保险需求、从供给侧出发释放巨灾保险活力、发挥政府职能推进高质量巨灾商业保险制度设计、探索中国特色的“多层次”巨灾商业保险制度四个方面,提出适合我国国情的巨灾商业保险发展的建议。

房价对家庭商业保险参与的影响——基于CFPS的实证研究

基于2016年与2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,利用Probit和Tobit模型实证研究了房价波动对家庭商业保险参与的影响。实证结果表明,房价变动显著地提高了家庭对商业保险购买的概率,且主要通过房价变动所带来的财富效应促进了家庭保险参与。通过倾向得分匹配法(PSM)控制内生性以后,研究结果依然显著,利用更换估计方法和扩充样本的方式进行了稳健性检验,结果仍然稳健。异质性分析表明,房价变动对家庭商业保险参与的促进作用更明显地体现在高收入、城镇地区和较高教育水平的家庭群体中。最后,提出了具体的对策建议。

老龄化、农业保险与化肥减量增效技术采纳行为——基于陕、甘苹果种植户的验证

【目的】探究农业劳动力老龄化、农业保险对果农化肥减量增效技术采纳行为的影响机理。【方法】以陕、甘897户苹果种植户为研究对象,运用有序Probit模型和中介效应模型进行实证分析。【结果】老龄化显著抑制果农农业保险的参与和化肥减量增效技术采纳的强度。农业保险在老龄化与化肥减量增效技术采纳之间起到了中介作用,表明老龄化可能通过影响果农的保险参与行为,进而对技术采纳产生间接影响。此外,果农的果园收入占比和果园细碎化程度不同,会导致老龄化和农业保险对化肥减量增效技术采纳影响的差异性。【结论】基于实证结果,提出加强化肥减量增效技术和农业保险的宣传、因地制宜推广化肥减量增效技术与农业保险、改革绿色农业保险的政策建议,旨在应对老龄化带来的挑战,促进农业绿色发展。