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Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization 被引量:5
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作者 SUN Hao-jie1,WANG Zheng-bing2,WANG Yun-hui3 1.School of Economics and Management,Chang’ an University,Xi’an 710064,China 2.College of Economics and Management,Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,China 3.Publicity Office of Party Committee,Xi’an Branch of the People’ Bank of China,Xi’an 710064,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第4期95-98,共4页
On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract c... On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund. 展开更多
关键词 farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organiza
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Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations
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作者 SUN Hao-jie1,WANG Zheng-bing2,WANG Yun-hui3 1.School of Economics and Management,Chang’an Univerity,Xi’an 710064,China 2.College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China 3.Department of Publicity,Xi’an Branch of Bank of China,Xi’an 710075,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第5期84-87,99,共5页
On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and... On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators. 展开更多
关键词 farmers’ cooperative economic organization Governm
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International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products
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作者 Hong YANG Ju HE 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2016年第10期13-15,20,共4页
In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii... In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives. 展开更多
关键词 farmers specialized cooperative organizations Marketing of agricultural products EXPERIENCE
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Characteristics and Functions of Cooperative Economic Organizations for Water-saving Irrigation in Agricultural Development in Arid Areas 被引量:4
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作者 吴开波 朱美玲 +1 位作者 董新光 李金 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第12期1979-1982,共4页
Agricultural cooperative economic organization for water-saving irrigation in arid areas is a new form of economic organization in production,operation and management during the application process of water-saving irr... Agricultural cooperative economic organization for water-saving irrigation in arid areas is a new form of economic organization in production,operation and management during the application process of water-saving irrigation technologies.Currently,there are few researches on this cooperative economic organization.In this study,connotations of cooperative economic organizations for water-saving irrigation are specifically defined,and the characteristics and functions of this cooperative economic organization are analyzed.Based on that,several suggestions are proposed on the continuous development of cooperative economic organizations for water-saving irrigation. 展开更多
关键词 cooperative economic organizations Water-saving irrigation CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTIONS
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Impact of taxes on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:Evidence from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries
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作者 Md Mominur RAHMAN 《Regional Sustainability》 2023年第3期235-248,共14页
Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Org... Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs. 展开更多
关键词 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) organization for economic cooperation and Development(OECD)countries Effective average tax(EAT) Tax on personal income(TPI) Tax on corporate profits(TCP) Tax on goods and services(TGS)
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Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China 被引量:1
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作者 CHEN Ying 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2010年第6期4-8,共5页
In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yu... In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented. 展开更多
关键词 farmers'cooperative organizations Financial support Yunnan Province China
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The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization
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作者 Jing GAO Peng XIE 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2014年第5期105-108,共4页
The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,howev... The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 farmer cooperative economY organization Function S
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Development of New Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations from the Perspective of Institutional Analysis
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作者 Zhihua BAI 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2015年第6期1-5 12,12,共6页
Appearance of new rural cooperative economic organizations is the result of institutional change and also important institutional arrangement and innovation promoting rural development of China. At present,development... Appearance of new rural cooperative economic organizations is the result of institutional change and also important institutional arrangement and innovation promoting rural development of China. At present,development of rural cooperative economic organizations is faced with problems of unsmooth operation and management mechanism,lack of supervision mechanism,internal system defect and imperfect law,weak policy support,and imperfect financial system. In this situation,government should take due responsibility from improving legal system,strengthening policy support,deepening rural market reform,and improving rural financial system. 展开更多
关键词 RURAL cooperative economic organizations Agricultu
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Performance Evaluation of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations in Hunan Province Based on Structural Equation
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作者 Naman YANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2015年第10期32-38 43,43,共8页
Using the method of structural equation and balanced scorecard,this paper establishes the evaluation indicators and evaluation model for the performance of 21 rural cooperative economic organizations in X City of Huna... Using the method of structural equation and balanced scorecard,this paper establishes the evaluation indicators and evaluation model for the performance of 21 rural cooperative economic organizations in X City of Hunan Province,and analyzes the relationship between indicators and dimensions of performance evaluation indicators,in order to find the influencing factors,obstacles and successful experience concerning the development of rural cooperative economic organizations. According to model analysis and conclusions,this paper sets forth the recommendations for promoting the development of rural cooperative economic organizations in Hunan Province,in order to provide a scientific basis for the institutional design and mechanism innovation of rural cooperative economic organizations in Hunan Province. 展开更多
关键词 RURAL cooperative economic organizations Performan
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Researches on Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organization Promoting Agricultural Insurance Development
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作者 WANG Xiu-fen LI Mao-song 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第7期75-79,共5页
The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the p... The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants' low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers' cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated. 展开更多
关键词 cooperative economic organization Agricultural insurance DEVELOPMENT China
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Profits and Costs of the Development of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations
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作者 GUO Huai-liang WEI Xin 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2010年第8期23-26,30,共5页
Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordan... Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward. 展开更多
关键词 Rural cooperative economic organization Profit and cost Preferential policy China
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A Brief Analysis of Development of Tibetan Farmers' and Herdsmen's Economic Cooperatives--A Case Study of Nagqu Area
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作者 Yan HE La YU 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2018年第3期1-4,共4页
Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this pa... Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study. 展开更多
关键词 TIBET farmers’ and herdsmen’s economic cooperatives Measures and suggestions
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Development and Economic Effect of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives
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作者 Huide HUANG Wanzhen ZHANG Enping LIU 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2013年第2期55-57,共3页
The paper introduces the present development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China, points out that although the cooperatives in China develop rapidly, they are generally small and their advantages cannot ... The paper introduces the present development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China, points out that although the cooperatives in China develop rapidly, they are generally small and their advantages cannot be given into full play, and then analyzes the development achievements of the cooperatives, for example, they have realized scale benefits, their management system tends to more mature, the economic value of their brands is improved and they have created great economic benefits. The paper also points out the stable development path for the cooperatives, that is, the cooperatives should cooperate with local villages, and take a path of combined village and cooperative development so that the cooperative members can get a stable income; the cooperatives can also cooperate with local leading enterprises, which can help the cooperatives to manage, sell and form their products brands, thus the cooperatives can get loans easily to solve the capital bottleneck of cooperative development and improve the members' incomes. 展开更多
关键词 farmers’ specialized cooperatives DEVELOPMENT Econ
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Present Situation and Development Mode of Chinese Farmers' Cooperative Organizations
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作者 Yong YANG Wensheng WANG Meng HAN 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2018年第7期1-4,34,共5页
In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' ... In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China is the product of need and being needed,with low level of specialization,systematism and industrialization. However,Chinese farmers' cooperative organizations have the advantages of diversification,full supporting and great opportunities of Internet economy and e-commerce environment. Based on that,this paper puts forward the " Chinese mode" for the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China in the future,that is,the main body of innovation and entrepreneurship will unite,and the other entities of production and industry will follow them. 展开更多
关键词 农民 合作组织 电子商务 发展现状
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The Governance Structure and Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organizations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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作者 YU Kai-hong College of Economics and Management,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404100,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2012年第8期42-48,共7页
On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empiric... On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empirical analysis of the governance structure and performance of agricultural cooperative economic organizations. The results show that the ownership structure has the most critical impact on the performance of cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is as high as 0.92; the importance of oversight mechanism is basically equivalent to that of the council structure for cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is 0.87 and 0.86,respectively,second only to the ownership structure; the size of members' quit capacity also has a very important impact on the performance of organizations,with impact coefficient of 0.74. Thus,the problems influencing the performance of organizations,in the current governance structure of agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,are pointed out. Finally,corresponding countermeasures are put forward. 展开更多
关键词 STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING THREE Gorges Reservoi
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Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province
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作者 ZONG Yi-xiang ZHANG Hong-jie 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2012年第9期46-49,共4页
Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific an... Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background. 展开更多
关键词 RURAL cooperative economic organIZED UNITED associ
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Deepening Economic Cooperation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization:Opportunities,Barriers and Approaches
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作者 Han Lu 《China International Studies》 2018年第4期39-57,共19页
Over the past 17 years, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has made significant progress in regional economic cooperation. The membership expansion has brought opportunities, but the internal and external negative ... Over the past 17 years, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has made significant progress in regional economic cooperation. The membership expansion has brought opportunities, but the internal and external negative factors that hinder in-depth development of economic cooperation still need to be properly addressed. 展开更多
关键词 SHANGHAI cooperATION organization regional economic cooperATION
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Research on Contractual Model Selection of Farmers' Cooperatives——A Case Study of Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan
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作者 FANG Kai1,2,LIU Jie1,CHEN Xin-hua11.Economic and Management College,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China 2.Zhongkai Agricultural Engineering Institute,Guangzhou 510225,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第3期39-42,共4页
In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers' cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of org... In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers' cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of organization forms into selection problem of contractual model within organization.By the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics,we analyze the formation mechanism and determinant factors of contractual model of different farmers' cooperatives and conduct case study on Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan.The results show that selecting contractual forms of cooperatives is the result of weighing many factors;new organization model or contractual arrangement is complementary to the former system arrangement;the selection of cooperatives model is an important factor impacting cooperation efficiency and stability of organization.One organization model with efficiency not only hinges on the transaction characteristic of organization,but also considers the compatibility with exterior transaction environment.In the process of selecting contractual model,we should conform to objective evolving law,but not be in thrall to a certain given form. 展开更多
关键词 farmers’ cooperatives organization model Contractu
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Construction and Evaluation of the Theoretical Model of Citrus Cooperative Organization
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作者 JIANG Yu-kai1,HE Qin2 1.School of Business Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 610074,China 2.School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 610074,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2010年第11期44-47,共4页
Based on the general overview of cooperative economic organizations of citrus industry at home and abroad,theoretical model of the modernization,industrialization and marketization of Citrus Cooperative Organization i... Based on the general overview of cooperative economic organizations of citrus industry at home and abroad,theoretical model of the modernization,industrialization and marketization of Citrus Cooperative Organization is established.After selecting the indices,such as the scale of production,the scale of management,the rate of encouraged farmers,and the market competitiveness,quantitative evaluation index system for modernization,industrialization and marketization is established.Then,Citrus Cooperative Organization is divided into three stages,such as primary stage,intermediate stage and senior stage.After evaluating the modernization,industrialization and marketization of citrus industry in the United States,Spain and South Africa,it is pointed out that the Citrus Cooperative Organization in China at present is at the primary stage.Finally,policy direction of the development of Citrus Cooperative Organization in China is pointed out. 展开更多
关键词 CITRUS INDUSTRY cooperative economic organization
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Analysis on the Rural Cooperative Organization Established by Returning Migrant Workers——A Case of the Cooperative Organization of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province
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作者 HAN Guo-ming,WEI Jing-shu School of Management,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第2期149-151,160,共4页
Taking the Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example,the geographic situation,establishment process and operation situation of the cooperative orga... Taking the Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example,the geographic situation,establishment process and operation situation of the cooperative organization are expounded.And then the social effect of returning migrant workers who start their own business is analyzed.In the first place,starting their own business has promoted the rapid development of economy at county level;in the second place,it has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure;in the third place,it is conducive to reallocating resources.The problems in the development of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization are analyzed from four aspects covering weakening of village' cadres,multiple ethnic groups,difficulties in expanding scale cooperation and inadequate funds.Three countermeasures which are conducive to creating favorable external environment for migrant workers to start their own businesses,takes the ethnic factors into consideration and implements scale operation,so as to solve the new problems in the process of developing rural farmers' cooperative organization and provide the evidence for formulating relevant policies. 展开更多
关键词 RETURNING MIGRANT workers farmers’ cooperative ORG
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