Land system reform should protect farmers' interests

|Editorial Note|Land has become an issue of increasing social concern as demand continues to surge in the midst of economic development,urbanization and industrialization.The crux of the issue is the land regime. China has a unique dualistic land regime under which the land market has not been well developed.Based on a review and commentary of the existing land polices,this article elaborates on the deficiencies inherent in China’s dualistic land rights system and land market and offers policy recommendations for promoting land system reform and market development.This study will help us gain an in-depth understanding of the problems in China’s land regime.

Demands of New Professional Farmers for Agricultural Leading Industry in Anhui Province

In the context of growing problems of part-time farming,farmers' aging and hollow rural areas,and increasing restrictive factors of new professional farmers,based on current situations of agricultural resources in Anhui Province,this paper studied feasibility of increasing new professional farmers from the perspectives of urbanization level,labor employment,population development trend,agricultural industrial development and talent demands,current situations of farmers' family management,and agricultural socialized service development trend.Based on decisions,planning,and related data issued by Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government,it analyzed and predicted demands of new professional farmers in Anhui Province by industries and types,in the hope of providing references for relevant researches.

Contradiction between the Modernization of Agriculture and the Protection of the Interests of Farmers

Main modes of agricultural modernization in developed countries are summarized,as well as their impact on the interests of farmers. Among them,the America,Canada,Australia and other sparsely-populated countries adopt the labor force saving model based on large-scale mechanization during agricultural mechanization. Japan and other countries with many people and little land adopt the land saving model with high technology. And the Western European Countries use the intermediate model to exert the function of mechanization and technology. Interests security of farmers in rural land circulation is discussed,such as the unreasonable allocation of circulation rights,changing the land property and land use without authorization;undermining the long-term interests of farmers,and the unsolved social security problem of farmers. Interest guarantee of farmers during the process of agricultural industrialization is analyzed,pointing out that big household or leading enterprise usually occupies a favorable position in the cooperative. They use their advantages in share and management to raven the operation achievement of peasant households and to transfer risks. Due to the information asymmetry,farmers are at a weak position in the cooperation with leading enterprise. Interests protection of farmers in scale management is put forward,such as strengthening the subsidies for farmers,implementing a moderate scale management suitable for the situation of China,and establishing a fair and reasonable benefit affiliating mechanism among peasant household,cooperative and leading enterprise.

Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

Analysis of Hidden Danger in Farmer's Rights and Interests during Farmland Transfer——An Evaluation of Rights Safeguarding Effect of Farmland Transfer Contract

Taking Shuangliu County,Chengdu City,China as an example,evaluation index system for the rights protection effects of farmland transfer is established contract from three aspects of basic information,transfer agreement and legal safeguards in the contracts.According to the investigation data,weight of evaluation index is determined by both entropy weight and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract in the flat dam,high hill and low hill in Shuangliu County,Chengdu,China.Result shows that the transfer agreement of farmland and the basic information of contract greatly affect the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.There are differences in the five indices of the information of the signature of contract,pricing for payment,time limit for farmland transfer,transfer mode of farmland,and use range of farmland transfer.During the farmland transfer in reality,there are three hidden dangers in farmer's land rights and interests,which are the ill-formed transfer behavior,the relatively low income of farmers from farmland transfer,and the quality decline of farmland and difficult full reclamation in transfer period.Based on the evaluation result and investigation data,countermeasures are put forward to improve the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Research of Informatization Demands of New Countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and Related Countermeasures

[Objective] The aim was to survey and analyze informatization demand in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and to propose counter- measures, [Method] A questionnaire was made among farmers on informatization de- mands in different regions in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the re- sults were analyzed to propose countermeasures promoting informatization. [Result] With strengthening of information awareness, information demands in rural areas in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone change as follows： Information demand car- rier changes from traditional media to modern media; demand on information content changes from one-way to diversified one; demand of information service changes from one-way transmission to interaction and exchange. However, some problems still exist in informatization process, such as poor infrastructure, dispersed information resources, higher information expense and shortage of information-based talents. Hence, the countermeasures were proposed, as follows： Rational security systems should be established; financing should be as diversified as possible; informatization infrastructure should be reinforced; agricultural economic information and informatiza- tion service system should be established. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for construction of informatization in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

县域富民产业促进农民共同富裕:作用机理、现实困境与策略选择

实现全体人民共同富裕的难点在农村。县域一头连着乡村,一头连着城镇,发展县域富民产业是促进农民共同富裕的现实选择。县域富民产业是能在长期内显著促进农民收入增长、改善城乡居民收入分配状况的现代化产业集群,其在空间维度、组织维度和价值维度上具有独特的内涵特征。县域富民产业在产业发展端通过凝聚竞争优势提高产业效益;在农民参与端通过带动农民发展生产、实现农民就近就业和共享资产收益,促进农民共同富裕。实践中,发展县域富民产业仍然面临产业集群培育不足、辐射带动效应不强,产业同质化突出、结构不优,产业生产经营主体能力不足,产业联农带农机制不健全等困境。加快培育县域富民产业、有效促进农民共同富裕,应依托特色资源培育特色产业集群、优化产业布局、调整产业结构、提升生产经营主体产业支撑能力、持续完善产业利益联结机制。

乡村振兴背景下小农户与新农人合作的利益联结模式选择研究

基于2021年中国6个省份的小农户调研数据,采用有序Probit模型,从小农户的个体特征、家庭特征、生产经营状况、市场状况以及与新农人合作目的等5个方面探讨影响小农户与新农人建立利益联结模式选择的关键因素。结果表明:现阶段小农户与新农人合作以松散型的利益联结模式为主,但地区之间仍存在差异,中西部地区小农户更倾向于选择紧密型的利益联结模式;从影响因素来看,家庭农业经营收入比例、风险承受能力、是否加入合作组织、是否在涉农企业就业等对小农户选择紧密的利益联结模式起到显著的正向影响,而受教育程度、保证农产品销路对小农户利益联结模式选择起着显著的负向影响。据此,建议培育发展农业专业合作组织,发展壮大涉农企业,加大政府政策支持,提高小农户的风险承受能力,以期助力小农户与新农人构建乡村利益共同体。

诉求统筹下城中村改造利益相关者协同治理——以天津市北辰区改造项目为例

利益相关者协同治理是推动城中村改造项目顺利高效实施的关键,但改造实践中各阶段利益相关者关系及利益诉求错综复杂。以天津市北辰区改造项目为例,采用社会网络分析方法,系统、全面地分析项目各阶段利益相关者关系及其诉求的网络特征、演化规律。结果表明,拆迁安置补偿阶段利益相关者利益诉求协调难度最高;同一利益主体在项目不同阶段的角色功能差异明显;建设公众满意的生活环境是多元利益相关者的核心利益诉求。采用社会网络分析方法,剖析利益相关者关系及诉求协调的重点问题,为城中村改造利益相关者协同治理提供科学参考与依据。

基于利益相关者理论的现代产业学院高质量发展研究

现代产业学院高质量发展是通过产教融合的方式培养复合型、创新型人才的重要载体,是推动高等教育改革、创新多元协同育人模式的重要途径。现代产业学院是产教融合的高阶形式,可以将其视为一个利益相关者组织。本文借鉴了利益相关者理论,将现代产业学院利益相关者分为核心利益相关者、间接利益相关者、潜在利益相关者和边缘利益相关者,辨析不同类型利益相关者及其利益诉求,结合现代产业学院发展中的现实困境,提出成立现代产业学院协作体、构建“三三四”建设模式范式、设计多元化激励与考核机制等促进产学研深度融合,实现现代产业学院多方共赢。

利益诉求与实践逻辑:冰球场域多元主体行为研究

基于场域理论视角,运用参与式观察和半结构式访谈的质性研究方法,对S市冰球场域中多元主体的利益诉求与实践逻辑进行分析。研究认为:冰球场域中多元主体不同的利益诉求产生特定的实践逻辑。地方政府的利益诉求表现为政绩与平稳,凭借政治资本占据场域的主导权,生成支配惯习和行政干预逻辑;占据经济资本、文化资本和社会资本的冰球俱乐部、教练员和学员家长在场域中处于弱势地位,是场域规则的被动执行者,话语权有限。政策执行存在利益冲突、行动主体独立性缺失、地方政府行为异化成为制约S市冰球运动高质量发展的主要因素,其推动路径在于重建场域秩序、发挥协会作用、重塑政府惯习。

土地流转过程中农民权益保护研究

以土地承包经营权流转过程中农民权益保护为视角,从土地流转过程中农民主体地位、农民意愿的表达、流转收益分配、农民经济利益和生活环境情况等方面展开分析。从权利理论视角对土地流转过程中农民权益保护情况进行探讨,基于理论和实证的研究,从健全农村土地管理法规体系、完善农村土地产权制度、以市场机制为导向创新土地流转机制、大力发展农村土地流转服务、协调流转和耕地保护的关系、构建农村社会保障体系等方面提出完善建议,对深化农村土地制度改革、促进统筹城乡发展具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

政策支持下农业供给侧需求对新农人职业能力的作用机理研究

农业供给侧需求是新时代新经济环境下重要的社会活动,关系到民生福祉。农业供给侧结构性改革、供给体系质量提高、供给效率提升等与政府政策实施及新农人职业能力发展有着密不可分的联系。通过广泛调研、数据分析、计量验证、科学假设等各变量机理的研究,发现政策支持下的农业供给侧的主体性需求对新农人职业能力有显著的提升效果,对加速农村产业融合发展以及促进乡村农业振兴有积极的促进作用。

海南省新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制:国内外经验与启示

以家庭农场、专业合作社、龙头企业等为代表的新型农业经营主体与农户的紧密利益联结,能有效提高农民的组织化程度,促进农业现代化发展。本研究通过文献梳理和调研访谈,总结分析了美国和日本以农业合作社和农业协会为代表的农业经营组织与农户之间的利益联结模式和机制,以及国内合作社和家庭农场等农业经营主体与农户之间的利益联结及其典型模式。基于此,创新海南省的新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制,各级主管部门应加大对新型农业经营主体的政策扶持力度,健全海南的农村社会化服务体系和利益联结方式,促进新型农业经营主体和基层农户的增效增收以及可持续发展。

明代中央王朝与播州杨氏土司的文教互动研究

中央王朝与治下少数民族地方政权的文教互动是巩固国家大一统局面、强化中华民族共同体的重要手段,也是中华民族多元一体性的具体体现。明代中央王朝为强化对播州的统治,在“以夏变夷”“因俗而治”的民族政策下,与播州杨氏土司展开了积极的文教互动。在双方互动中,直接或间接、明里或暗里展示出各自的利益诉求与博弈。这些诉求与博弈客观上为双方构筑起了彼此交往、交流和交融的合理空间,促使双方在儒学建设、儒学教育、史学教育和凶礼等方面总体展现出自觉、有序、和谐、积极的发展态势。双方的文教互动不仅提升了播州官民对中央王朝文化、政治的认同感和接受度,强化了明代中央王朝对播州的统治,也促进了播州杨氏土司的政治存续和播州社会经济与文化的发展。

我国出版公共服务社会化探索

基于对出版公共服务的供需主体、价值关系、对接关系的分析,本文提出建立主体之间的协同关系,形成出版公共服务多元治理结构、完善出版公共服务合作供给模式,推动政府主导与市场化运作相结合、健全出版公共服务社会化保障机制,促进供需关系的良好运转等具体路径,以实现我国出版公共服务社会化探索。

基于OBE理念的高校公共体育课程设计与实施策略研究

在当前的新形势下,教学质量及效率主要是以成果为导向作为衡量标准的,教育教学活动的重点就在于充分满足学生在学习方面的实际需求。体育对学生健全人格的培养意义重大,同时,在普通高校体育教育当中,公共体育不但是基本课程,更是锻炼大学生健康体质的有效途径。然而,现阶段我国的高校公共体育课程仍有诸多不足之处,当代大学生的体质呈现出不断降低的趋势,课程改革受到高校教育工作者的广泛关注。基于此,该文在高校公共体育课程当中融入OBE理念,对其逆向设计及正向实施进行深入的探究,以此建立基于OBE的高校公共体育课程体系,并提出具体的实施策略加以保障,从而为我国高校公共体育课程改革带来新的研究方向。

乡村生态振兴的“新引擎”:新农人的绿色价值创造

乡村振兴离不开乡村生态振兴,乡村生态振兴离不开乡村绿色产业支撑。新农人作为乡村振兴战略中的“兴农人”,势必在农业绿色产业发展过程中发挥举足轻重的作用。该研究基于乡村生态振兴,考察新农人对绿色价值创造的积极影响,建构以新农人为自变量,绿色价值创造为因变量,生态唤醒和绿色联结为中介变量,消费者绿色需求为调节变量的机制模型,探讨新农人助推绿色价值创造的理论逻辑与经验证据。依据现行的量表开发逻辑进行新农人量表开发,从认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性4个方面界定新农人量表的测量标准,通过486份样本数据检验新农人量表的有效性。研究发现:①新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性对绿色价值创造具有积极影响。②生态唤醒和绿色联结在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响绿色价值创造的过程中起到链式中介作用。③消费者绿色需求在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响生态唤醒和绿色价值创造的过程中起到调节作用。研究结论表明新农人在农业农村绿色化转型过程中能够发挥先锋带头作用,生态唤醒和绿色联结是新农人进行绿色价值创造的内在动因,消费者绿色需求是倒逼新农人进行绿色价值创造的外在诱因。政府应充分发挥新农人在绿色价值创造过程中的重要作用,切实保障农业生态环境信息及时、有效、准确地传播和扩散给新农人,以唤醒新农人的生态意识,积极营造农业绿色发展的营商环境来为新农人进行绿色联结创造条件。