Inquiry into Problems of Farmers' Employment under the Condition of Land Transfer

This paper emphasizes the urgency of solving the problems of farmers' employment under the condition of land transfer,indicating that solving the problems of farmers' employment is the necessary requirement of land transfer,the actual requirement of constructing well-off society comprehensively,and the objective requirement of transforming developmental model.The characteristics of the problems of farmers' employment under the condition of land transfer are as follows:the rural surplus labor forces increase,and the ubiquitous unemployment is urgent;the employment room of farmers is narrow,and the structural unemployment is serious;the ability of farmers' employment is poor,and recessive unemployment has a large proportion;the situation of farmers' employment is not so sanguine,and the policy unemployment is frequent.This paper points out the causes of farmers' employment problems under the situation of land transfer as follows:in terms of analysis of subjective factors,farmers' self-employment ability is yet to be underpinned;in terms of analysis of objective factors,the relevant mechanism of government is unsound.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:establish the mechanism of farmer traceability analysis under the condition of land transfer;strengthen the training of farmers' skills;reinforce the publicity and education of farmers' employment concept;promote the process of urbanization and construct the employment vehicle of farmers;adjust the industrial structure in rural areas and expand the internal employment in rural areas;improve macro regulation and improve the employment environment for farmers.

Analysis on the Employment of Landless Farmers during the Reconstruction of Urban Village: A Case Study of S Village in Shaanxi Province

The re-employment of landless farmers in reconstruction of urban village is an important way to solve the problems concerning farmers. In S Village of Shaanxi Province,the landless farmers are facing the employment problems such as low re-employment rate and quality,lack of employment competitiveness,and weak employment willingness. This paper analyzes the main factors influencing the employment of landless farmers in this urban village such as local government's lack of overall design on the employment of landless farmers,landless farmers' lack of long-term employment concept,poor employment conditions,and lack of vocational education in rural areas. Finally some recommendations are set forth to enhance the employment of landless farmers in S Village: strengthening the institutional support for the employment of landless farmers; perfecting the fund guarantee for the employment of landless farmers; actively expanding the employment channels; enhancing the employability of landless farmers.

Correlation between Employment Quality and Skill Training of Land-expropriated Farmers

Based on field survey,an empirical analysis was made on the correlation between employment quality and skill training of landexpropriated farmers. The analysis indicated that there are differences in employment opportunity,employment sector,employment ability,wage income and employment stability between land-expropriated farmers. Besides,though skill training,it is feasible to effectively improve employment quality of land-expropriated farmers. The skill training exerts a significant effect on employment and urban adaptation of land-expropriated farmers. The mode of skill training promoting employment quality was proposed. Skill training can raise human resource level of land-expropriated farmers,and increase their labor and employment skills,to help them realize regular employment and smoothly become citizens. For fund sources for skill training,government and land expropriation unit should bring into play active role. And skill training should be undertaken under the guidance of government and support of land expropriation unit.

Employed Farmers in the Pearl River Delta and Related Issues

As a special weak group in agricultural floating population,employed farmers make special historic contribution to socio-economic development of the Pearl River Delta.However,employed farmers are faced with survival difficulties,which lead to a series of social issues.From historical origin,current situations and social issues,we put forward countermeasures to solve problems of employed farmers:solve the household registration of employed farmers;raise the compensation standard of land expropriation and demolition;cancel the admission threshold;provide reemployment guidance;and establish management funds of employed farmers.

Problems and Solutions of Protecting Rights and Interests of Land-expropriated farmers during Urbanization--A Case Study of Henan Province

This paper discusses existing problems in protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers' during urbanization,such as those farmers' failure to obtain benefits from land increment,difficult employment and imperfect social security system.Reasons for losses of farmers' rights and interests mainly include defects in land management and expropriation system,and uncoordinated development of urbanization and industrialization.However,the basic reason is urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of these situations,it puts forward solutions to protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers:let land-expropriated farmers share land-increment benefits from land marketization;establish effective employment security system and perfect social security system,to make land-expropriated farmers share supply of public goods equal between rural and urban areas,and realize the inclusive growth balancing urban and rural areas.

How China's Grain-for-Green Project Contributes to Farmers' Income Growth

Initially intended to prevent water and soil erosion, China＇s Grain-for-Green Project （GGP） also has had economic impacts on farmers＇incorne and employment. Based on the poverty monitoring survey data between 2006-2010 from National Bureau of Statistics （NBS）, this paper evaluates the GGP＇s policy effects with respect to farmers＇ income, non-agricultural employment and poverty alleviation. Our findings suggest that contributing to the GGP, farmers＇ income including GGP subsidies increased significantly compared with the pre-GGP level,＂ however, if GGP subsidies are not taken into account, the increase in farmers＇non-agricultural income after the GGP could only compensate.for the income losses from farmland reduction, showing an insignificant effect. Second, there exist significant differences on employment tendency among GGP households. High-income households tend to engage in operation business in forestry, livestock and fishery activities, while medium-income families are more inclined to seek employment outside, and the differences attribute to the inter-group intrinsic characteristics. Lastly, the GGP＇s poverty alleviation effect varies with the difference in poverty standard. Overall the GGP＇s poverty alleviation effect is significant.

How farmers’non-agricultural employment affects rural land circulation in China?

To clarify the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural land circulation in China,we built logit models using the Chinese Household Income Project 2013 dataset,which includes 18,948 household samples over 15 provinces,126 cities and 234 counties of China in 2013.We use the proportion of non-agricultural income,the proportion of non-agricultural laborers and non-agricultural fixed operating assets to reflect the degree of the households’dependence on agriculture,the degree of the households’laborers committed to non-agricultural employment and the stability of non-agricultural employment,respectively.The results show that the stability of non-agricultural employment is an important reason for farmers to transfer out their land,and an increase in non-agricultural income is the fundamental reason.The proportion of non-agricultural assets has the greatest impact on the decision to transfer land,followed by the proportion of non-agricultural income.Per unit increase in the non-agricultural income ratio has a stronger effect on the transfer-out decision than it does on the transfer-in decision,which is a 0.09 increase of the probability of transfer-out the land and a 0.07 decrease of the probability of transfer-in the land.In terms of regional differences,when considering the impact of non-agricultural employment on the land transfer-out decision,the impacts of non-agricultural income and labor force are the greatest in the Central region.The impact of non-agricultural assets is the greatest in the Eastern region.For the Eastern region,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets and the non-agricultural labor force,and the decision to transfer in land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets.In the Central and Western regions,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural labor force,in that order.The decision to transfer in land in the Central region is not significantly affected by non-agricultural employment.The decision to transfer in land in the Western region is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural labor force and non-agricultural income,in that order.We note that non-agricultural assets have a prominent impact on land transfer,which shows that the stability of non-agricultural employment has an important impact on land transfer decision-making.Vocational training for rural labor forces may be an effective means to promote stable non-agricultural employment and simultaneously facilitate rural land circulation,especially in Central and Western China.

“双碳”目标下农户兼业与农村生活能源消费转型

促进农村生活能源消费转型对于我国能源消费结构优化以及“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。基于2022年实地调研数据,实证分析农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明,农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型有显著促进作用,推动农村能源消费结构逐渐由以生物质能源为主向以商品能源为主转变。进一步机制分析显示,农户兼业通过提升家庭收入及优化收入结构、土地资本挤出、人力资本挤出和生态自觉性提升促进农村生活能源消费转型。此外,农户兼业促进农村生活能源消费转型存在代际、兼业地区和行业差异。因此,提出进一步破除城乡资源流动壁垒,完善农民工省外流动机制;加强生态文明建设,大力培育农户生态自觉性;推动乡村产业升级,促进农民收入量、质提升的对策建议。

生态补偿政策差异对农户就业和收入的影响研究

研究目的:探讨不同类型生态补偿政策对农户就业和收入的影响差异,以期评估和揭示不同类型生态补偿政策实施的效果及有效性,为完善生态补偿政策、提高农户福利提供参考。研究方法:内生转换模型和内生转换Probit模型。研究结果:(1)人力资本水平对农户参与“造血型”生态补偿政策具有显著影响;农户年龄和教育水平、家庭劳动力数量对农户参与“造血型”补偿政策具有正向作用,家庭生产性耐用品数量、耕地面积和质量、距乡镇中心距离对农户参与“造血型”补偿政策具有负向作用。(2)相比“输血型”生态补偿政策,参与“造血型”生态补偿政策的农户总收入减少4.2%,但非农就业概率显著提高26.4%。(3)“造血型”生态补偿政策对中低收入农户的发展机会型收入具有显著正向影响,释放了一定的流动性,但对资源依赖型收入没有显著影响。研究结论:应继续优化“造血型”生态补偿政策,采用多元化措施提升农户的人力资本水平以拓宽就业增收途径,以保障生态补偿政策实施的有效性和可持续性。

乡村振兴背景下新型农场主“三业融合”培养模式改革与研究

以“专业、就业、创业”为重点,从课程体系、实践教学体系、政校企协同育人机制、师资队伍、就业创业服务体系等方面对新型农场主“三业融合”培养模式进行了系统性归纳总结,以期为高职院校乡村振兴人才培养工作提供借鉴。

互联网发展与农户共同富裕:效应与差异分析

基于CFPS 2020年数据,采用熵值法从经济水平、医疗健康、教育水平、精神富裕、生活保障等5个维度测算了农户共同富裕水平,实证检验了互联网发展对农户共同富裕的影响。结果表明:(1)互联网发展对农户共同富裕具有显著正向影响,对农户共同富裕的实现起到了“助推器”的作用;(2)互联网发展对共同富裕的5个维度具有差异化影响,其中在经济水平、教育水平、精神富裕和生活保障等维度呈现出不同程度的正向影响,但对医疗健康维度无显著影响;(3)互联网发展对农户共同富裕水平呈现出多分位先增后减及区域差异化的促进效应,且对非农就业农户共同富裕水平的促进效应更加明显。研究结论可为后续利用数字技术实现共同富裕提供一定的参考。

新质生产力赋能农民增收:理论机制与经验证据

以创新为主导的新质生产力为农民增收提供了全新动力。使用2014—2022年中国30个省级面板数据实证分析新质生产力对农民收入的影响,研究发现:我国新质生产力的发展提升了农村居民收入,新质生产力具有显著的农民增收效应,且结论具备较强的稳健性;新质生产力提升农民收入的机制为增加农村居民的非农就业和促进农业创新;新质生产力对农民收入的影响具有空间效应,既可提升本地区的农民收入,也可提升其他地区的农民收入。针对研究结论,从提升农民的非农就业能力、加强农业创新、发挥新质生产力增收的空间溢出效应三方面提出相应的对策建议,旨在发挥新质生产力的增收效应,提升农村居民收入水平。

乡村振兴战略下农村电商直播扶残助农实践研究

深入探讨乡村振兴战略下农村电商直播在扶残助农方面的实践,有助于突出其在推动乡村振兴、促进残疾人就业方面的重要性。问卷调研结果表明,农村电商直播不仅拓宽了农产品的销售渠道,提升了农民的收入,还为残疾人提供了新的就业机会,帮助其实现自我价值,研究结果为理解农村电商直播在扶残助农领域的现状提供了有价值的洞察,为未来相关政策的制定与实践探索提供了参考。

新农人短视频传播背景下的高校学生创业就业探索

当前高校毕业生的就业压力有所增加,本研究探索高校学生借助新农人短视频及相关平台,实现返乡创业就业的有效途径。综合运用调查法、定性分析法和归纳法,从短视频平台发布的三农大数据中掌握新农人短视频的主要类型、传播现状及创业模式。结果显示,高校学生可通过三种途径实现创业就业,包括创作视频作品并获取播放收益,借助新农人短视频的广泛传播为线下实体创业项目引流,或者利用短视频平台推广农业电商。

郊区被动型城市化农民就业问题研究——厦门市禾山镇农民非农化问题实证分析

在城市扩张过程中郊区农村属于被动加入城市化行列。由于郊区农业边际收益高,农民非农化水平相对滞后于城市的发展。城郊农民违章搭盖带来的收益,增加部分农民自愿待业的倾向。推进郊区农村城市化,需广辟农民非农化途径,鼓励农民发展第三产业,把处理农民违章建筑与允许农民集资建设"外来人员公寓"和农民的劳动就业联系起来,促进郊区农民特别是青年农民的就业。

农民工职业分层与人力资本约束

职业选择与人力资本密切相关。在双重分割的城市劳动力市场上,农民工主要在具有完全竞争特点的农民工劳动力市场上进行职业选择,因此,人力资本对农民工职业选择的影响更具根本性。对杭州地区农民工的问卷调查和实证分析表明,文化程度对农民工成为管理、专业技术人员和公司职员的影响最为显著;职业培训经历有助于提高农民工成为公司职员和在服务业、工业和建筑业就业概率;年龄对农民工在服务业、工业和建筑业的就业概率的影响最为显著;而拥有城市工作经验对农民工职业选择具有普遍的积极作用。因此,当前对农村劳动力的人力资本投资应在保障农村义务教育的基础上,大力发展农村职业教育,同时加强对农民工的职业培训和就业指导。

健康状况、生活质量与农民就业行为的关联度

利用中国健康与营养调查数据,采用有序Ologit模型,在考虑健康内生性的前提下,实证检验健康状况对农民就业选择行为的影响。研究表明,健康状况会对农业生产成本、农业生产的机会成本产生影响,进而影响农民的就业选择行为。健康状况对农民就业选择类型有显著的影响。健康状况恶化会导致农民选择务农,健康状况恶化到一定的临界值,对农民就业选择不再产生影响;健康状况改善会促进农民选择兼业或非农务工。政府应优化资源配置,关注农民健康,关注由于健康状况差导致失去就业选择能力农民的最低生活保障问题。

集中居住农民的就业问题研究——以常州市A村为例

随着工业化、城市化的推进,长三角地区大量农民离开散居状态的农村,搬进集中的城镇公寓小区,生存状态转变后,集中居住农民面临的最大挑战就是就业。就业普遍存在困难的主要原因是:无非农劳动技能、年龄偏大、学历较低、就业预期过高和用工企业的歧视,政府要进一步高度重视这部分新市民的生计和发展,努力完善相关政策,增加就业岗位、鼓励创业、提供适需的就业培训和完善就业服务体系。

非农就业对农户土地退出意愿影响的实证研究

采用实证分析法、多元Logistic回归法方法,从农户非农就业角度对重庆市户籍制度改革中农村土地退出意愿进行了研究,研究发现:户主性别、年龄对农村土地退出的意愿具有显著影响;家庭非农就业人数比、家庭非农收入比对愿意退出土地的意愿具有正向显著影响,对不愿退出土地意愿影响不显著;户主受教育程度、非农就业时间和家庭人均土地对农村土地退出意愿影响并不显著.提出加大宣传力度让农民进一步了解户籍制度改革、"转户"配套"流转"解放农村剩余劳动力、明确农村土地退出的补偿标准及保障措施、建立健全相关配套制度等建议.

农村人力资源的开发思路与对策

根据农村居民家庭劳动力抽样调查数据 ,分析了农村人力资源开发在农民就业中的作用 ,认为现阶段应统筹城乡发展 ,并提出了开发农村人力资源的思路与对策。