Conduction pathways of resource endowment affecting carbon intensity:Based on interprovincial data in China

By establishing a mathematical model and a basic analytical framework for the impact of resource endowments on carbon intensity,a traditional panel model without spatial panel effects was firstly constructed,a Durbin-Wu-Hausman test was conducted,and the model was set as a fixed-effects model based on the statistical values;secondly,the traditional panel model without spatial effects was estimated,and LM tests and robustness tests were conducted on the regression residuals.The LM test was then used to remove the fixed effect terms by the de-meaning method,and the Matlab 7.0 software was used to estimate the model.The stepwise introduction of variables was used to observe the effect of each variable on economic growth and to analyze the relationship between the magnitude and significance of the regression parameters of each variable.Finally,the path of conduction effect of resource endowment through mediating variable sinfluencing economic growth and carbon emissions,and thus carbon intensity,was constructed.The conclusion is that carbon intensity is inversely proportional to economic growth for a given level of carbon emissions.Therefore,if resource endowment promotes economic growth through mediating variables,it will lead to a decrease in carbon intensity,which is conducive to the achievement of emission reduction targets;conversely,if resource endowment hinders economic growth through mediating variables,it will lead to an increase in carbon intensity,which is not conducive to the achievement of emission reduction targets.

Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development

Under the direction of theory of human resources development,this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development oncultivating new-type farmers.Firstly,it increases the input of rural basic education;secondly,it reinforces the vocational education and technologytraining;thirdly,it promotes the rural medical and public health services;fourthly,it quickens the rural labor transfer.The status quo of China's ruralhuman resources has been analyzed as follows:in terms of the quantity of rural human resources,the status quo is large and quick-developed baseof rural human resources,high labor participatory rate,and constitution of low age;in terms of the quality of rural human resources,the status quois the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources,low technological level of rural human resources,and overall low physical quality of farmers;in terms of the structure of rural human resources,the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structuredistribution.The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers.First,in terms ofthe control over quantity of rural human resources,it is to keep the stability of family planning policy,and expedite the transfer of rural surplus la-bor;second,in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources,it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources,toconstruct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics,and to build rural primary health care system;third,in terms of adjus-ting the structure of rural human resources,it is to perfect rural human resources market,and adjust rural economical structure and talents struc-ture.

Study on the Ownership of Plant Genetic Resources on Farmers' Land

In order to protect Chinese farmers' sharing benefits and make legal preparation for accession to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, this paper analyzed differences between state sovereignty and ownership of genetic resources and between natural resources and plant genetic resources on farmers' land. Then, it studied the regulations of the United States, European Union and Indian on the ownership of plant genetic resources on farmers' land. On the basis of the analysis and study, the authors stated that the sovereignty of plant genetic resources can not replace the ownership system. The plant genetic resources on farmers' (community) land should be in the possession of farmers or communities, which should be confirmed by the State.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

An analysis of farmers'resource disposal methods for livestock and poultry waste and their determinants

Based on field research data on farmers in 30 counties(districts)of six cities in Shandong Province,this study systematically examines the methods of disposal of livestock and poultry waste and the factors that influence them,that is,the determinants of farmers’waste disposal behaviors,using the UTAUT theoretical framework and a disordered multi-class logit model.The results show that,first,economic performance expectancy,subjective norms,farming population,and poultry and livestock breeding numbers have significant effects on the four waste recycling methods considered:direct return,compost fermentation,biogas fermentation,and fresh-packed sale.Second,annual family income has a positive effect on the direct return method.Third,compost fermentation is positively affected by farmers'knowledge,distance from sources of water,and farming scale,and negatively affected by gender and marital status.Fourth,biogas fermentation is negatively affected by the age of farmers and positively affected by the farming income ratio and environmental convenience.Finally,the most important factors affecting the four methods are subjective norms,farming scale,economic performance expectancy,and farming population.Therefore,this study proposes that policies to promote resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste must prioritize raising awareness among the farmers of the advantages of resource disposal of waste;provide reasonable subsidies for waste recycling and enhance policy applicability,pertinence,and motivation;strengthen the promotion of waste recycling technology and improve the practicality of lectures or training content;and improve relevant laws and regulations and enhance authority and usability.

Relationship between Economic Development,Resource Endowment and Soybean Export Dependability

The dependability of world major soybean exporters was measured and its influencing factors were analyzed through constructing the export output elasticity indicator.It was found that since 2010,among the world major soybean exporters,the dependability of Brazil,India,Russia and Ukraine increased,the dependability of Argentina and Paraguay dropped,while that of Canada,the USA and Uruguay was basically stable.Among the influencing factors of the dependability,the increase in international soybean prices and abundance of cultivated land resources are helpful for increasing the dependability,while the increase of population and improvement of economic development will reduce the dependability.China should reduce its dependence on countries with low export dependability,and actively develop production cooperation with import source countries to promote their dependability.

Urban development and resource endowments shape natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities

Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, we established a comprehensive natural resource utilization efficiency index(NRUEI). We then calculated the 2016 index for 165 cities in China,and investigated what caused it to vary. We found three main results:(1) the NRUEI varied greatly across China and there were significant positive correlations between urban energy utilization efficiency(EUE), water utilization efficiency(WUE) and land utilization efficiency(LUE);(2) the NRUEI showed a significant positive correlation with a city’s population size,economy(Gross Domestic Product(GDP)), and the level of urban social development(GDP per capita);(3) cities in East China have the highest natural resource utilization efficiency,while cities in Northeast China have the lowest. These results indicate that China’s increasing urban development is associated with rising natural resource utilization efficiency and that the city’s endowment of natural resources is an important factor affecting that efficiency. Further, the results showed that the determinants of a city’s NRUEI differed in large and small cities. Lastly, our results suggest that improving EUE is key for improving NRUEI in urban China, and different efficiencies can be improved intertwined. A major takeaway of this study is that there is great potential for improving natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities and we include city-specific suggestions for efficiency improvements.

The Dual Model for Tourism Resource Productivity Improvement

For natural resource science, resource productivity studying is an important subject. But researches on tourism resource productivity are limited. The most significant influencing factor on tourism resource productivity is the potential market scale of tourist locations, and second most important influencing factor is the resource endowment. Regional urban population is significantly correlated with region tourist numbers, being the decisive factor of region potential tour market scale. In tourism development, the dual model should be adopted: on one hand to enhance tour spot attractiveness, on the other hand to cultivate the potential market by improving urbanization level and other means. In the situation of tourism development fever spreading, the dual model for improving tourism productivity helps to avoid the "Great Leap Forward" which means that too rapid tourism construction divorces from actual market demand.

农业补贴下资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响

农机社会化服务作为小农户链接现代农业的桥梁,是发展农业机械化和规模化经营的重要手段,对推动农业现代化具有重要意义。在对江西省483户农户进行实地调查的基础上,采用二元Logistic模型实证分析农户资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响,并进一步分析农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的调节作用。研究结果表明:农户资源禀赋显著影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为,其中户主的健康状况、经营年限、家庭劳动力人数、熟识的村干部数量、农业收入占比、耕地面积显著正向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为,农机价值则显著负向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为。另外,农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农机社会化服务采纳行为有显著的正向调节作用。具体而言,农业补贴对人力资源禀赋中的健康状况、社会资源禀赋中的是否加入合作社、经济资源禀赋中的农业收入占比和自然资源禀赋中的耕地面积与农机社会化服务采纳行为的关系均有正向调节作用。基于此,提出落实好农业补贴政策、鼓励身体健康的高素质农民务农、鼓励政府部门与农民多交流沟通、增加农民收入等对策建议。

数字文化新业态发展影响因素研究——基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC展开的实证分析

文化与数字信息技术的相互融合孕育出了丰富多样的数字文化新业态,为我国文化产业发展注入了新的活力。发展数字文化新业态是文化产业升级的内在要求,客观科学地认识数字文化新业态发展的影响因素及其相互关系,有助于全方位解析数字文化新业态的发展机制和创新发展路径,以促进文化产业数字化战略的实施。通过识别15个数字文化新业态发展影响因素,运用DEMATEL法分析数字文化新业态发展各影响因素的重要程度,采用ISM-MICMAC法分析影响因素的层级关系与驱动-依赖关系,找出数字文化新业态发展的直接影响因素、间接影响因素和根本影响因素。研究表明:数字文化新业态发展以企业规模、服务创新、产品开发、人才培养、装备制造与模式创新为直接影响,以平台构建、数字化管理、资金支持与IP影响力为间接影响,以标准应用、资产禀赋、产学研协同、技术研发与政策支持为根本影响。

乡村振兴中国家与农民关系的社会化调适

乡村振兴战略实施中的政策实践,指向了社会学持续关注的国家与农民关系问题。公共资源下乡中国家与农民之间的互动不仅在器物和组织两个层面展开,还集中体现在价值层面。在乡村振兴的积极案例中,国家与农民关系的新形态表现为器物层面上国家资源与社会需求的有效对接,组织层面上社会动员能力的提升,价值层面上农民国家认同感的强化。国家输入的公共资源只有以高度社会化的方式与农民互动时,农民才可能按照特定的行动逻辑将“国家”内化于心,国家权力才算实现了社会合法性的确认和再生产。为了实现国家与农民关系的社会化调适,社会治理公共性的建设不应停留于权力运作的策略层面。国家应充分发掘、激活蕴藏于乡村社会中的本土资源,将自上而下输入的公共资源转化为推动乡村社会开展自主建设的内生要素。如此,公共资源的下乡才能在推动乡村振兴的过程中,促成国家濡化能力在基层的再造,实现现代国家在社会中的扎根和成长。

价值预期与价值赋予:高校教师劳动关系的匹配博弈模型

在市场化转型时期,高校教师劳动关系的深层逻辑是不同价值间的博弈。价值预期体现为劳动主体在意识层面对价值回报的判断与预估;价值赋予表现为制度对劳动过程的支持程度。基于劳动价值论与制度价值论,对人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系进行深入剖析,以价值赋予与价值预期为横纵坐标,构建基于价值博弈的高校教师劳动关系博弈模型。从模型中发现,高校教师劳动关系有4种基本类型关系:高价值预期与高价值赋予;高价值预期与低价值赋予;低价值预期与高价值赋予;低价值预期与低价值赋予。通过质性访谈检验发现:当人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系相互协调时,以高价值预期与高价值赋予为代表的“双高”类型是劳动关系中的最优博弈类型;反之,则可能出现劳动关系的稳定性缺陷。这由此反映出“人与制度”的伴生性问题。因此,建立高校教师和谐劳动关系需要强化人、劳动价值与制度之间的内在共生逻辑,以及扭转价值失序局面,从而回归价值理性,提升价值赋予与价值预期的适配性。

亚洲大陆矿产资源禀赋、矿业开发格局及合作前景展望

亚洲是世界七大洲中面积最大、人口最多、经济发展较快和矿产资源非常丰富的大洲,这些特点也使其矿产资源和矿业开发在世界占有重要的地位。研究表明:(1)亚洲是全球矿产资源种类最齐全的大洲,世界上已发现的矿产资源在亚洲几乎均有分布;(2)亚洲主要矿产的储量世界地位显著增强,在世界广泛应用的80多种常见矿产中,亚洲至少有38种矿产的储量世界占比超过30%;(3)亚洲矿产的储量分布具有“区域性集中分布、集中分布于少数国家、集中受控于少数矿业公司”的“三集中”特征;(4)亚洲大陆是全球成矿条件最复杂、世界级巨型成矿域/大型成矿带富集度最高的大洲,成矿专属性明显,成矿期次大致可划分为前寒武纪、古生代和中—新生代3大期次;(5)亚洲国家“以矿养国”趋势愈发凸显;(6)矿产勘查呈“铜、金当家,大型矿业公司、大国买单”格局;(7)亚洲是世界矿产的生产中心、消费中心、贸易中心和矿业经济中心共4个中心;(8)中国是亚洲矿产的生产中心、消费中心、贸易中心和矿业经济中心4个中心。未来,中国与亚洲其他国家的矿业合作前景广阔。

差异化城市社区养老服务的适应性供给

当前,我国城市人口老龄化、高龄化现象严重,城市养老服务的供给压力随之越来越大。基于适应性供给研究视角发现,在城市化水平、社区治理能力、社区区位等因素共同作用下,社区资源禀赋及其形塑的社区支持体系差异化程度不断扩大,这就要求城市社区养老服务开展分类式、针对性供给。研究通过对武汉城市社区的调研,以适应性供给为视角,发现新开发商品房社区适宜以市场化为导向走“企业+养老”服务供给模式;后单位制社区适宜依托内生力量发展社会性互助养老;棚改、村转居社区应注重政府行政力量的介入,优先解决老年人基础性公共福利及养老公共服务,满足老年人群体多元化需求。

农户秸秆资源化利用的行为逻辑及长效机制研究

借鉴“结构-行为-绩效”分析范式,采用安乡县的调研数据,利用BinaryLogistic模型从政府行为、企业特征及农户特征三个维度论证分析农户参与秸秆资源化利用的行为规律、影响因素及长效机制。结果表明:政府行为、企业特征和农户特征均会影响农户行为,其中政府的培训宣传和典型示范行为、企业的秸秆处置规模有显著正向影响,户主文化程度、对秸秆利用价值感知有显著正向影响,而户主年龄则有显著负向影响。因此,要促成农户持续参与秸秆资源化利用,需构建以“政府引导、企业主导、农户参与”为特征,以市场化运转机制、科技支撑机制和政府引导机制为核心内容的长效机制。

数字乡村建设影响农户创业吗?

数字乡村建设不仅重塑了农户的生产生活方式,而且催生了如电商、直播等全新的商业模式和创业形态,展现出对农户创业的深刻影响。基于社会认知理论,采用县域数字乡村指数和中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)研究数字乡村建设对农户创业的影响及作用机制。研究发现:数字乡村建设能够促进农户创业;东部地区、男性、中青年和低数字素养群体促进作用更加显著;西部地区阻碍作用更显著。机制分析发现,数字乡村建设通过资源效应和信息效应提高农户创业。研究结论为大力推进数字乡村战略对农户创业带来的具体影响提供了经验证据,为农村地区贯彻“大众创业、万众创新”激活农民创新创业找到了新动力源泉,也启示决策部门应因人施策、因地制宜推进数字乡村建设,以避免“运动式”“一刀切式”数字乡村建设对农户创业的不利影响。

领导干部自然资源资产离任审计、环境规制与经济高质量发展

经过在生态环境治理等领域试点,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计已进入常态化阶段。本文以2014-2021年我国284个城市为样本,将资源型城市作为实验组,非资源型城市作为对照组,采用双重机器学习模型考察自2018年领导干部自然资源资产离任审计全面开展对资源型城市经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计不但能促进资源型城市经济高质量发展,而且还能提高经济高质量发展各个子系统的协调性。机制检验发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计通过增强政府环境规制强度来促进城市经济高质量发展。异质性分析发现,对处于衰退期以及所处地区审计强度较大的资源型城市而言,这种促进作用更强。