Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations

On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.

International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products

In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives.

Present Situation and Development Mode of Chinese Farmers' Cooperative Organizations

In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China is the product of need and being needed,with low level of specialization,systematism and industrialization. However,Chinese farmers' cooperative organizations have the advantages of diversification,full supporting and great opportunities of Internet economy and e-commerce environment. Based on that,this paper puts forward the " Chinese mode" for the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China in the future,that is,the main body of innovation and entrepreneurship will unite,and the other entities of production and industry will follow them.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Research on Contractual Model Selection of Farmers' Cooperatives——A Case Study of Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan

In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers' cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of organization forms into selection problem of contractual model within organization.By the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics,we analyze the formation mechanism and determinant factors of contractual model of different farmers' cooperatives and conduct case study on Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan.The results show that selecting contractual forms of cooperatives is the result of weighing many factors;new organization model or contractual arrangement is complementary to the former system arrangement;the selection of cooperatives model is an important factor impacting cooperation efficiency and stability of organization.One organization model with efficiency not only hinges on the transaction characteristic of organization,but also considers the compatibility with exterior transaction environment.In the process of selecting contractual model,we should conform to objective evolving law,but not be in thrall to a certain given form.

Analysis on the Rural Cooperative Organization Established by Returning Migrant Workers——A Case of the Cooperative Organization of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province

Taking the Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example,the geographic situation,establishment process and operation situation of the cooperative organization are expounded.And then the social effect of returning migrant workers who start their own business is analyzed.In the first place,starting their own business has promoted the rapid development of economy at county level;in the second place,it has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure;in the third place,it is conducive to reallocating resources.The problems in the development of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization are analyzed from four aspects covering weakening of village' cadres,multiple ethnic groups,difficulties in expanding scale cooperation and inadequate funds.Three countermeasures which are conducive to creating favorable external environment for migrant workers to start their own businesses,takes the ethnic factors into consideration and implements scale operation,so as to solve the new problems in the process of developing rural farmers' cooperative organization and provide the evidence for formulating relevant policies.

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定的逻辑脉络及其展开

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定是农村集体产权制度改革的基础性工作,集体所有权主体的确定是该问题研究的逻辑起点。集体所有权不具有共有和总有等所有权构造类型的特征,同时投资关系说和类比国有资本授权经营体制论都不能对农村集体经济组织的产生渊源进行合理解释。在民法规范语境下,应将农村集体经济组织确定为集体所有权主体。就成员资格和成员权利的关系而言,两者相伴而生,成员资格实质上是从权利主体角度对成员权的描述,为成员权在主体面向的表达。基于此,集体成员资格认定的法律实质是对农民所享有的集体经济组织成员权予以确权。我国农村传统经营方式决定了农户是基本经营单位,从逻辑上应当将家庭成员与以家庭为单位取得权益的关系确定为按份共有,集体经济组织成员权主体应为集体经济组织成员而非农户。城乡二元体制导致户籍这一本质上与成员权利取得不具因果关系的因素被纳入认定标准之中,其证明作用不应被忽视。在传统路径下,应构建以出生事实为核心、其他亲缘关系为辅助的主体判断路径,同时明确列举其他除外情形,形成正反双向的认定机制。在农村集体产权制度改革背景下,基于股权类型设置,集体固有成员与股份经济合作社股东在范围上并非完全一致,未来应以恢复农村集体经济组织和集体成员权的私法属性为目标,分阶段对农村集体经济组织成员权制度进行渐进性改革。

Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization of Farmers: Problems and Suggestions

This article analyses the problems of the specialized cooperative economic organizations offarmers in their development process. These problems are: excessive interference by localgovernments; low service capacity at the operating level; administrative and managementconfusion resulting from the lack of status as a legal entity, with rules and regulations. It issuggested that the relevant laws and regulations concerning these organizations beestablished as soon as possible, giving them a legal identification; that the regulations andorganizational structure be perfected; that support be increased and the financial situationof the specialized cooperative economic organizations of farmers be improved.

社会组织视阈下的澜湄水资源治理

近年来社会组织在澜湄水资源治理中呈现出活跃发展的态势。在治理理念方面,社会组织在跨境水资源治理中推崇可持续发展方式,聚焦基层民众利益,并倡导积极合作的参与意识。在治理实践中,社会组织研究跨境水资源治理,举办相关学术活动以增加其影响力,并通过多种方式参与到影响修建水利设施的社会活动中。社会组织在参与澜湄水资源治理当中,向公众提供研究数据和资源,补充关键知识的差距,在促进合作治理水资源问题方面做出了努力。社会组织在提供积极治理效果的同时,也存在着需要提升的领域。

农业保险对农户合作行为的影响、机制与含义——以农村灌溉集体行动为例

我国已成为全球最大的农业保险市场,农保作为现代经济制度在促进我国农村经济发展的同时也为公共治理提出了挑战。探究参加农保对农户合作行为的影响,发现农保显著降低了农户对集体灌溉事务的讨论、参与和贡献程度,且这种负向影响主要出现在北方农村。与补偿产量和价格的农保相比,补偿收入的农保对合作的影响更强,农户对农保的产品认知和投保意愿也会影响合作行为,而农业贷款在一定程度上可以缓解农保的影响。并在此基础上,从农户相互依赖性、社会资本、农业依赖性、劳动力外流及收入异质性等方面对农保的影响机制进行检验和分析,提出通过区别化推广农保、培育新型社会资本及发展农村金融服务,有望实现农保的完善与乡村治理的提升协同并进。

合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响

基于理性行为理论和嵌入性理论探讨合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响机制,运用IV-probit模型对浙闽赣3省330户林农经济林生产调查数据分析合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响程度。结果表明:合作社嵌入能够显著地促进林农有机肥施用行为,对小规模林农有机肥施用行为的影响更为显著;合作社嵌入程度对林农有机肥施用行为的影响存在明显差异,嵌入程度较高的林农有机肥施用的概率明显大于嵌入程度中等和较低的林农。因此,要加强合作社与林农的联系与合作提高林农组织化程度,完善合作社与林农利益的联结机制,增强合作社对林农的吸引力,立足林业生产实际,重点关注小规模林农的有机肥需求。

“三位一体”综合合作组织:衔接产业扶贫与产业兴旺的有益探索——以经棚镇为例

经棚镇建立了“三位一体”综合合作组织,探索了一种有益的衔接模式。在组织产生阶段,外部的规引推动与内部的联合融合促成综合合作组织的形成。在组织运行阶段,通过生产合作提供从播种到收割的土地托管服务,供销合作促进农产品城乡流动,信用合作开展内部金融互助促进产业发展。在组织发展阶段,充分挖掘产业扶贫与产业兴旺的衔接要素,要继续发挥党政部门“扶持之手”作用,加强服务组织的带动作用,增进村集体的统筹能力,提升小农户在市场中的话语权。

基层组织在水利治理中的主体作用探析——以皖北夹镇水利实践为例

农田水利运行低效是我国水利事业发展中不容忽视的问题。税费改革以后,基层组织在水利治理中的作用被淡化,而稳定的、可替代基层组织的水利治理主体未能形成。文章结合实地调查发现,依靠强大的统筹能力和动员能力,基层组织可以做到低成本高效率的水利供给,实现对农民的组织化。因此,要取得良好的水利治理效果,应当强调基层组织在农田水利中的主体作用。

我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的完善与创新——基于对浙江省实践的分析

本文结合浙江省的具体实践,首先把农民专业合作经济组织分为专业协会、传统专业合作社和股份合作社三大类,分别对其发展特点和趋势进行了揭示。其次,对农民专业合作经济组织的发展模式进行了总结,认为在不久的将来会呈现出以农户为主导,多部门、多层次推动发展的格局。最后,结合浙江省农民专业合作经济组织目前发展过程中存在的问题,提出了进一步发展我国农民专业合作经济组织的对策建议。

“公司+农户”组织运行困境的经济学分析

当前 ,“公司 +农户”组织运行面临矛盾与困境 ,其经济学根源主要包括农产品生产经营风险导致交易成本过高、契约双方势力悬殊使农户易被“套牢”、道德风险与机会主义行为、以及组织与制度缺陷等。“公司 +农户”

合作与不合作的政治经济学分析——我国农民经济组织发展中的国家、政府与市场

农民经济组织是小农家庭进入市场的桥梁和纽带,是在农民与国家、政府、市场等多种力量的博弈中产生和发展起来的。农民经济组织演进的路径、组织形式、发展规模和速度受到并将继续受到市场激励与要求、政府约束与支持、农村制度安排与宏观社会经济环境等多种因素的影响。因此,农民经济组织的发展对进一步深化我国农村政治经济体制改革提出了新的要求。

论“公司+农户”组织的制度缺陷及其改革与创新

当前“公司+农户”组织运行存在困境与问题。公司与农户博弈的结果是难以形成合作的纳什均衡,因而难以建立长期稳定的合作关系。其深层原因在于这种组织自身的制度缺陷。农业产业化组织的改革与创新将是逐步建立规范的农民合作组织。