Economic Growth:The Fundamental Path to the Realization of Social Security Rights for Migrant Workers

The International Labour Organization seems to only see the aspect of social security promoting economic growth,while neglecting the aspect of economic growth supporting social security.From the standpoint of materialism and the practice of social security,the realization of social security rights for migrant workers fundamentally depends on economic growth.The Belt and Road Initiative has provided a Chinese solution for creating a strong material and technological foundation to meet the social security needs of all people,including migrant workers.

Social Security of Land-losing Farmers in Urban Demolition——A Case of Hedong Village, Chengzhong District,Liuzhou City

Based on the survey of peasants from 40 households who are chosen at random and have lost their land in the Hedong Village of Liuzhou, the status quo of land expropriation and social security of land-losing peasants are expounded. The social security problems of peasants in urban demolition and peasantsh desperate demands are analyzed as follows. For example, the Main problems after the peasants losing their lands cover the substandard of resettlement, which can not maintain the former living standard; the source of income has changed and the relevant security mechanism has not been established; the peasants who have lost their land are in desperate need of more stable jobs and stable income. In view of the current situation, the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing social security mechanism for peasants who have lost their land are put forward. The measures cover establishing the subsistence allowances for land-losing peasants; establishing the guarantee system for aged people; building medical care system; providing employment and training opportunity, trying to increase the channels of employment for farmers and fostering the employment security system for peasants who have lost their land.

Social Security Programme for Farmers

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Policy Needs for Social Security in the Process of Citizenization of the Peri-urban Farmers:A Case Study of Hefei City

We conduct a survey of transformational towns and villages in High-tech Development District, Yaohai District and Shushan District, Hefei City. Using data, we analyze the "sideline effect" and inherent contradiction of transformational cities, research the policy needs for social security and its trend in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers. On this basis, we construct the social security policy system that can adapt to the accelerated process of urbanization. Finally, we put forth the following recommendations for the social security policy in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers: distinguishing different groups' policy needs for social security; attaching importance to people's dynamic policy needs for social security in urbanization; focusing on the adaptability of social security policy transformation in urbanization; attaching importance to the social psychosocial environment of social security policy transformation in urbanization; achieving the trinity of non-farm conversion, urbanization and citizenization in the process of urbanization; strengthening the government's dominant position in the building of social security policy system.

Analysis on the Current Situation of Social Security for Landless Farmers Under the Background of Urbanization

With the rapid development of China's social economy,the economy of various regions has rapidly improved.At the same time,people are paying more attention to the issue of farmers' social security.In order to realize the rapid development of regional economy and form a relatively stable social order,there is a need to improve the social security system of farmers so as to ensure that more people acquire basic social security rights.On this basis,based on the background of urbanization,this article studies the social security status of landless farmers in R city,and analyzes the old-age security as well as the medical insurance of landless farmers in R city.

Climatic and non-climatic factors driving the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana

Smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana,face multiple climatic and non-climatic issues.This study assessed the factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in this district by household surveys with 200 respondents and focus group discussions(FGDs)with 10 respondents.The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess mean annual rainfall and temperature trends from 2002 to 2022.The relative importance index(RII)value was used to rank the climatic and non-climatic factors perceived by respondents.The socioeconomic characteristics affecting smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were evaluated by the binary logistic regression model.Results showed that mean annual rainfall decreased(P>0.05)but mean annual temperature significantly increased(P<0.05)from 2002 to 2022 in the district.The key climatic factors perceived by smallholder farmers were extreme heat or increasing temperature(RII=0.498),erratic rainfall(RII=0.485),and increased windstorms(RII=0.475).The critical non-climatic factors were high cost of farm inputs(RII=0.485),high cost of healthcare(RII=0.435),and poor condition of roads to farms(RII=0.415).Smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were significantly affected by their socioeconomic characteristics(P<0.05).This study concluded that these factors negatively impact the livelihoods and well-being of smallholder farmers and socioeconomic characteristics influence their perceptions of these factors.Therefore,to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change,it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and context-specific approach that accounts for climatic and non-climatic factors.

The Role of AI in Cyber Security: Safeguarding Digital Identity

This article signals the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in information security where its merits, downsides as well as unanticipated negative outcomes are noted. It considers AI based models that can strengthen or undermine infrastructural functions and organize the networks. In addition, the essay delves into AI’s role in Cyber security software development and the need for AI-resilient strategies that could anticipate and thwart AI-created vulnerabilities. The document also touched on the socioeconomic ramifications of the emergence of AI in Cyber security as well. Looking into AI and security literature, the report outlines benefits including made threat detection precision, extended security ops efficiency, and preventive security tasks. At the same time, it emphasizes the positive side of AI, but it also shows potential limitations such as data bias, lack of interpretability, ethical concerns, and security flaws. The work similarly focuses on the characterized of misuse and sophisticated cyberattacks. The research suggests ways to diminish AI-generating maleficence which comprise ethical AI development, robust safety measures and constant audits and updates. With regard to the AI application in Cyber security, there are both pros and cons in terms of socio-economic issues, for example, job displacement, economic growth and the change in the required workforce skills.

A simulation-based emergency force planning method for social security events

The occurrence of social security events is uncertain, and the distribution characteristics are highly complex due to a variety of external factors, posing challenges to their rapid and effective handling. The scientific and reasonable requirement evaluation of the emergency force to deal with social security events is very urgent. Based on data analysis, this paper uses the neural network, operational research, modelling and simulation to predict and analyze social security events, studies the usage rule of emergency force and deployment algorithm, and conducts simulation experiments to evaluate and compare the different force deployment schemes for selection.

Public Sentiment Analysis of Social Security Emergencies Based on Feature Fusion Model of BERT and TextLevelGCN

At present, the emotion classification method of Weibo public opinions based on graph neural network cannot solve the polysemy problem well, and the scale of global graph with fixed weight is too large. This paper proposes a feature fusion network model Bert-TextLevelGCN based on BERT pre-training and improved TextGCN. On the one hand, Bert is introduced to obtain the initial vector input of graph neural network containing rich semantic features. On the other hand, the global graph connection window of traditional TextGCN is reduced to the text level, and the message propagation mechanism of global sharing is applied. Finally, the output vector of BERT and TextLevelGCN is fused by interpolation update method, and a more robust mapping of positive and negative sentiment classification of public opinion text of “Tangshan Barbecue Restaurant beating people” is obtained. In the context of the national anti-gang campaign, it is of great significance to accurately and efficiently analyze the emotional characteristics of public opinion in sudden social violence events with bad social impact, which is of great significance to improve the government’s public opinion warning and response ability to public opinion in sudden social security events. .

Understanding the Nexus between Climate Change, the Shift in Land Use toward Cashew Production and Rural Food Security in Ghana;the Experiences of Farmers in the Transition Zone of Ghana

This study summarises the findings from a study investigating rural small-holding farmers’experiences on the shift from food crop to cashew in the forest/savanna transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana and its impact on rural food security.Using a mix method approach,the study sampled the views of 400 farmers from 9 farming communities in the Wenchi Municipality of Ghana via questionnaire and semi-structured interview and collated statistical data on crop production to trace the nexus between climate change,agrarian land-use decisions and food security.The study found evidence of increasing shift from food crop to cashew production.This was evidenced by increasing cashew cultivation and cashew output and decreasing total land acreage for food crops and increasing food insecurity of farmers.The findings revealed that about 71%of farmers had expanded their cashew farms and another 41.0%have turned their food crops’lands to cashew production.Besides cashew production,(57.0%)has overtaken the traditional food crop-maize(25.5%)production in terms of output.Instructively,the study found that the main motivation for the shift from food crop to cashew production is not only to maximise income in bulk,but also climate change adaptability issues.The study found that the cashew crop is resilient in adapting to the changing climate and less prone to pests’invasion compared to maize in the study District.The study found that food security among rural folks had been seriously compromised by the conversion of farmlands from food crop to cashew farming.Although,the study found that female farmers have higher consciousness to food security yet less motivated to shift from food crop to cashew crop production compared to men.Worryingly,females are the hardest hit group because of their low ownership of or access to farmlands and low voices of women in farmland use decision making in a men-dominant rural extended family setting of the study District.The study concludes that climate change adaptability concern has introduced a new set of risks including crop failure due to changing rainfall pattern and increasing incidence of pest invasions forcing the rural folks to compromise innovative indigenous farming focus and practices that have helped them to navigate extreme food poverty.This study,therefore,argues for improved food crop seeds tailored to the specific climatic context and innovative farming practices that beef-up small-holding farmers’capacity to navigate climate change to continually produce food crop to ensure rural food security and sustainability.

Countermeasures for Establishing a Long-term Security Mechanism for Landless Farmers

In the process of urbanization,farmers will inevitably lose their land,which is resulted from the large-scale requisition of rural collective land.The imperfect social security system in rural areas has resulted in a large number of landless farmers being transformed into urban poor people.Therefore,proper resettlement of landless farmers and the establishment of a long-term security mechanism for ensuring the basic livelihood of landless farmers are important issues that need to be resolved in the process of China’s social and economic development.

Practice and Research on Construction of Basic Life Security Program for Land-Expropriated Farmers in China

To set up basic life security program （BLSP） for land-expropriated farmers in the process of urbanization is an effective measure to solve existing issues in China. Theprogram, which Zhejiang Province initiated in the world, has great significance. Through deep investigation in ten cities, the thesis has normatively evaluated current situations, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of basic life security program for land-expropriated farmers in Zhejiang. Furthermore, it put forward some academic suggestions to further perfect and improve the system.

Challenges of Women Contributing to Food Security in Ghana： Perspectives of Women Farmers in Northern Ghana

Women contribution to all the four pillars of food security （food availability, accessibility, utilization, and sovereignty） has been well established in Ghana and many sub-Saharan African countries. However, the issue of sustainability of their contribution to the food security equation is still a dilemma. This study therefore examined the challenges and vulnerabilities associated with women farmers in accessing and controlling land for sustained agriculture in Northern Ghana. The study was mainly qualitative and utilized various participatory dialogue processes including focus group discussions and key informant interviews of selected women farmer groups, individual farmers, opinion leaders and traditional authorities in eight communities across four districts in three regions of Northern Ghana. The data was analysed thematically. Results of the study showed that women are disadvantaged in all the possible means of acquiring land for agricultural production-- inheritance, marriage, rent, shared cropping, outright purchase, and gift. It was evident that women have appreciable levels of access to land, but have low level of control of such lands for sustained food production. Several factors, such as low income, socio-cultural factors, climate change, mining, urbanization, low level of education, and low levels of awareness of property and inheritance rights, associate women＇s vulnerability to limited land in the study area. The findings of the study imply that any policy geared toward women empowerment in agriculture must not only target their access to land but also consider enhancing their control over agricultural land. The study therefore recommended that in order to increase food production and security in the study regions, there is the need to strengthen women＇s capacity to defend their land tenure rights and enhance their access and control over land within the context of natural resource management.

Security integrated framework for semantic web based on social intelligence

An integrated security framework for a semantic web is proposed based on the social intelligence of an individual＇s avoiding harm and preserving transaction logic-integrity. The framework extends the semantic web model and controls the dynamic security of semantic web services, such as trust, logic and reasoning. It includes four layers, that is, a trust entrance layer, a social intelligence layer, a transaction layer, and a TCP/IP security protocols layer. The trust entrance layer deals with trustable features from users. Social intelligence layer is responsible for logical questions for a semantic web. The transaction layer carries out transaction reasoning. And the TCP/IP security protocols layer ensures security communication. These layers can cooperate to build closed-security-ring with different security grades. The integrated security framework provides an integrated security method for semantic web flow so that it is universal for various semantic web technologies.

Status Quo and Reform Ideas for Accounting Calculation of Social Security Fund in China

With the steady development of China＇s economic policy and social secu- rity system, social security fund has become more and more important. Therefore, in the process of establishing and implementing social security system, the status of the accounting system of social security fund has become particularly prominent. The existing problems in the system were discussed and corresponding reform ideas were proposed by analyzing the current situation of the social security fund accounting system.

Effects of Social Security Spending on Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in China

Reasonable income distribution and eradication of rural poverty are vital for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China.This paper primarily examines the income distribution and poverty reduction effects of social security spending.Market income and redistribution policies are two determinants of income gaps.Based on CHIP2018 household survey data,we find that inadequate income redistribution policies have contributed to yawning income gaps,and that social security spending is more redistributive than personal income tax and social security contributions.After estimating the redistribution effects of social security spending and itemized incomes,we find that pension payments have contributed the most to household income gaps,and that subsistence protection and rural pension payments help improve income distribution.With respect to the poverty reduction effects of social security spending,we have estimated China’s current poverty incidence and the poverty reduction effects of pension payments,healthcare,and educational allowances with CHIP2018 data,and discover that an increase in social security spending may effectively reduce rural poverty.In building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,China should increase social security spending,focusing on specific target groups,and promote the role of social security spending in regulating income distribution and offering social protection to rural residents.

Cyber-Physical-Social Based Security Architecture for Future Internet of Things

As the Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as an attractive paradigm, a typical IoT architecture that U2IoT (Unit IoT and Ubiquitous IoT) model has been presented for the future IoT. Based on the U2IoT model, this paper proposes a cyber-physical-social based security architecture (IPM) to deal with Information, Physical, and Management security perspectives, and presents how the architectural abstractions support U2IoT model. In particular, 1) an information security model is established to describe the mapping relations among U2IoT, security layer, and security requirement, in which social layer and additional intelligence and compatibility properties are infused into IPM;2) physical security referring to the external context and inherent infrastructure are inspired by artificial immune algorithms;3) recommended security strategies are suggested for social management control. The proposed IPM combining the cyber world, physical world and human social provides constructive proposal towards the future IoT security and privacy protection.

The effects of social security expenditure on reducing income inequality and rural poverty in China

Social security has,as one of its primary aims,the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty.Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance,social assistance,and social welfare between the period 1978–2018,this paper evaluates the effect of social security expenditure in reducing income inequality and rural poverty with cointegration analysis.It was found that there is a positive correlation between social security expenditure and the income gap of urban and rural residents in the long run,but the effect is very limited;nearly 99%of the changes of the urban–rural income gap come from its own contributions.Further research also shows that the elasticity of rural poverty incidence to social security expenditure is–0.2255,which indicates social security expenditure helps reduce rural absolute poverty.Based on these findings,the policy implications can be that much social security expenditure and a more equitable social security system should be encouraged.It will become one of the major anti-poverty strategies after 2020 in China when we win the battle against absolute poverty.

Social Security Development in China and Its Support to Economic Transition

In 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has successfully transitioned from a closed economy to an open economy with the watershed year of reform and opening up in 1978 and modernized its social security system accordingly.This paper divides the transition of China’s social security system into seven stages before and after 1978.The traditional social security system was predicated on the dominant public ownership,a highly centralized economy,and“full employment.”It was congruous with the ownership structure,income distribution,and labor systems under the closed economy.The modern social security system is developed to meet the needs of an open economy and promotes economic development by giving play to consumption and investment,facilitating labor flow,and boosting productivity.The modern social security system requires further supply-side structural reforms to promote the high-quality development of the open economy.

The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.