Effect of La_2O_3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of hot-press sintering FeAl intermetallic compound

FeAl intermetallic compound with different contents of rare earth oxide La2O3 addition was prepared by hot pressing the mechanically alloyed powders.Effect of La2O3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of the sintered FeAl samples was investigated in this paper.The results showed that 1 wt.% La2O3 addition could refine the microstructure and increase the density of the FeAl intermetallic compound,and correspondingly improved the high-temperature wear resistance.SEM and EDS analyses of the wo...

Reactive Hot-press Sintering of Al-B_4C Composites at Relative Low Temperature

A new process of reactive hot-press sintering with boron carbide(B4C) and aluminum powders was proposed to overcome difficulties in the sintering of dense B4C ceramic materials.The B4C powder with different content of pure metallic aluminum particle were milled,hot-pressed and sintered at 1600 ℃ for 1 hour.The mechanism of sintering at relative low temperature was analyzed.The phase constitution of the composites was determined.Effects of Al content on the hardness and fracture toughness of the composites were discussed.The results show that thermite reaction procedure in B2O3+Al was the mechanism of sintering at relative low temperature,B4C,Al2O3 and metallic aluminum are the major constituents of the composites.The microhardness of the composites decreases with the increasing of Al content,but the fracture toughness increase obviously.The composite with 5wt% Al content has the best microhardness and fracture toughness in all the composites.

Distinct Electrical and Mechanical Responses of a Cu-10Fe Composite Prepared by Hot-Pressed Sintering and Post Treatment

A Cu-10wt%Fe composite was prepared through hot-pressed sintering,and the material was subsequently solution treated.The hot-pressed sintered and solution treated materials were rolled and aged.The precipitation behavior and performance changes were systematically studied by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.In contrast to the hot-pressed sintered specimen,the solution treatment significantly affects the thermal stability and properties of the Cu-10wt%Fe composite.The Cu-10wt%Fe composite was prepared after solid solution,cold rolling and aging at 773 K for 1 h,and it obtained excellent tensile strength of 494 MPa,uniform elongation of 16.3%,electrical conductivity of 51.1%IACS and softening temperature of 838 K.Mechanisms for the distinct difference in thermal stability and properties between hot-pressed sintered and solution treated specimens were analyzed.These findings provide a theoretical basis for designing high-performance Cu-based in-situ composites by post treatment.

High-pressure Sintering of Boron Carbide-Titanium Diboride Composites and Its Densification Mechanism

A high-pressure hot-pressing process was applied to densify a commercial boron carbide-titanium diboride (B4C-TiB2) powder mixture.Nearly fully dense (98.6%) materials were obtained at 1700℃ under a pressure of 100MPa.Compared to the sintering temperature required to achieve similar results when a pressure of only 30MPa was applied,the sintering temperature was found to decrease by about 200℃ under pressure of 100 MPa.Analysis of the thermodynamics and microstructure showed that the plastic deformation of the B4C grains induced by high pressure dominated the densification mechanism when high pressure was applied.Furthermore,higher pressure resulted in remarkably improved mechanical properties of the composites,which could be traced back to the generation of stacking faults in the B4C grains and aggregation of TiB2.

稀土氧化物强化钨铼合金的制备与力学性能研究

采用快速热压烧结技术制备稀土氧化物掺杂钨铼合金,对比研究添加不同种类稀土氧化物对钨铼合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并分析讨论其强化机理。结果表明:稀土氧化物不仅能提高钨铼合金的相对密度和强度,还能减小钨铼合金的晶粒尺寸。在3种稀土氧化物中,氧化钇的强化效果最明显。W-3%Re-0.8%Y_(2)O_(3)(质量分数,下同)的相对密度为95.5%,硬度为412.5 HV1,变形量到50%时压缩强度为3158 MPa,对比合金基体(W-3%Re),分别提高了3.1%、49.0%和24.0%。另外,W-3%Re-0.8%Y_(2)O_(3)的平均晶粒尺寸仅为5.8μm,比合金基体降低了约63.6%。

烧结温度对Micro-FAST制备TC4钛合金的影响

采用多物理场活化烧结微成形技术(Micro-FAST)快速制备TC4微型圆柱,研究烧结温度对TC4微型圆柱的致密化过程及力学性能的影响。研究发现,Micro-FAST技术可在5 min内实现TC4的快速成形,在900～1200℃的烧结温度区间均可获得相对密度大于97%的微型圆柱件,其显微组织由条状α相和β相组成,组织分布均匀、晶粒细小。当烧结温度为1000℃时,硬度达到最大值380.3HV0.5,较传统方法制备的TC4零件硬度提高10%。随着烧结温度的提高,烧结体中出现魏氏组织,合金的韧性逐渐降低。

Micro-FAST中升温速率和烧结温度对零件致密化的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对316L不锈钢粉末进行烧结,制备出尺寸为Φ1.0 mm×1.0 mm的微型零件,并研究了升温速率和烧结温度对微型零件微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随着升温速率和烧结温度的提高,烧结试样体系的孔隙数量减少,试样的相对密度增加;在升温速率为50℃/s、烧结温度为900℃时,得到了近全致密的试样,且烧结温度低于传统烧结方法的烧结温度;试样最大轴向尺寸变化出现在快速升温阶段,说明在多物理场活化烧结微成形中升温速率对致密化的贡献比烧结温度更大。

Micro-FAST制备氧化铝微型零件

采用多物理场活化烧结微成形技术(简称Micro-FAST)制备了氧化铝微型圆柱,研究了烧结温度对Micro-FAST制备氧化铝微型圆柱致密化过程的影响。结果表明,Micro-FAST的烧结致密化过程可分为4个阶段:预热阶段、升温阶段、保温阶段和冷却阶段,试样的线收缩主要发生在升温阶段;烧结温度是影响原子扩散系数的重要因素,随着烧结温度的升高,试样的线收缩率和相对密度均是增加的;Micro-FAST制备氧化铝陶瓷的平均烧结活化能比传统真空烧结要低得多,说明Micro-FAST是一种活化烧结技术。

Repetitious-Hot-Pressing Technique in Hot-Pressing Process

A new pressing method was proposed for hot-pressing process. Experimental results indicated that the porosity in Al2O3/TiC/ Ni/Mo (hereafter called AI2O3/TiC composite) composite compacts decreases by 6% after adopting this new technique, compared to traditional hot-pressing technique under the same sintering temperature. The flexural strength and Vicker hardness increase from 883 MPa to 980 MPa and from 16 GPa to 21.1 GPa, respectively. A theoretical model was given to analyze the densification mechanism of the composite in the process of repetitious-hot-pressing.

Physical and mechanical properties of hot-press sintering ternary CM_2A_8(CaMg_2Al_(16)O_(27))and C_2M_2A_(14)(Ca_2Mg_2Al_(28)O_(46))ceramics

The new ternary CM_2A_8(CaMg_2Al_(16)O_(27))and C_2M_2A_(14)(Ca_2Mg_2Al_(28)O_(46))pure and dense ceramics were first prepared by a hot-press sintering technique,and their physical and mechanical properties were investigated.The purity of obtained CM_2A_8 and C_2M_2A_(14) ceramics reaches 98.1 wt%and 97.5 wt%,respectively.Their microstructure is dense with few observable pores,and their grain size is about a few dozen microns.For their physical properties,the average apparent porosity of CM_2A_8 and C_2M_2A_(14) ceramics is 0.18% and 0.13%,and their average bulk density is 3.66 g/cm^3 and 3.71 g/cm^3,respectively.The relative density of CM_2A_8 ceramic is 98.12%and that of C_2M_2A_(14)ceramic is 98.67%.The thermal expansivity(50–1400℃)of CM_2A_8 and C_2M_2A_(14) ceramics is 9.24×10^(–6)K^(–1) and 8.92×10^(–6)K^(–1),respectively.The thermal conductivity of CM_2A_8 and C_2M_2A_(14) ceramic is 21.32 W/(m·K)and 23.25 W/(m·K)at 25℃and 18.76 W/(m·K)and 19.42 W/(m·K)as temperature rises to 350℃,respectively.In addition,the mechanical properties are also achieved.For CM_2A_8 ceramic,the flexural strength is 248 MPa,the fracture toughness is 2.17 MPa·m^(1/2),and the Vickers hardness is 12.26 GPa.For C_2M_2A_(14) ceramic,the flexural strength is 262 MPa,the fracture toughness is 2.23 MPa·m^(1/2),and the Vickers hardness is 12.95 GPa.

Hot-pressed sintering of W/Cu functionally graded materials prepared from copper-coated tungsten powders

The three-layered(W-60 vol%Cu/W-40 vol%Cu/W-20 vol%Cu)W/Cu functionally graded material(FGM)containing a Cu network structure was fabricated at different temperatures by hot-pressed sintering produced from copper-coated tungsten powders.The effects of various sintering temperatures on relative density,microstructure,thermal conductivity,hardness and flexural strength were investigated.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis show that a Cu network extends throughout the W/Cu FGM specimens sintered at 1065℃and the graded structure can be retained perfectly,and W particles are distributed homogeneously.The low-temperature sintering densification of W/Cu FGM arises because the sintering mode of the copper-coated tungsten particles includes just sintering Cu to Cu,rather than Cu to W,Cu to Cu and W to W,as required for conventional powder particles.The relative density of W/Cu FGM sintered at 1065℃for 3 h under a load of25 MPa is 96.1%.The thermal conductivity is up to204 W·m^-1·K^-1 at normal temperature and 150 W·m^-1·K^-1at 800℃.And the Vickers hardness varies with the gradient of different layers from 3.34 to 4.05 GPa.

Preparation and Oxidation Resistance of BN-MgAlON Composites by Hot-pressing Sintering

BN-MgA1ON composites were prepared by hot-pressing sintering under nitrogen atmosphere with BN-Mg- A1ON composite powders as raw material and Y2 O3 as sintering additive. Based on thermodynamic analysis, the oxi- dation resistance of BN-MgAION composites was investigated and the dynamics of oxidation process was also ana- lyzed. The oxidation process and the micro-morphology of the samples before and after oxidation were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The dynamics of oxidation resistance of the BN-MgA1ON composites was investigated via the analysis of the constant temperature oxidation mass gain curves. The results show that the main components of the material are MgA1ON, Sialon, BN and CaYAI3 07 at 1 650--1750 ＊C, and the content of CaYA1307 decreases as the sintering temperature increases. The BN-MgA1ON composites prepared at 1750 ℃ is uniform and compact with the balanced distributions of A1, Mg, O, and N. The oxidation process of BN- MgA1ON composites in air mainly consists of MgAION, Sialon and BN oxidation. The section after being oxidized at 1000--1300 ℃ involves three layers, namely, the outer layer, the middle layer and the inner layer. The oxidation process follows the parabola model. The apparent activation energy of the oxidation process is 2.13 × 10 5 J/mol and the frequency factor is 4.66 × 10 6.

纳米复合WC-6Co粉末的快速烧结

以液相复合-连续还原碳化方法制备的纳米复合WC-6Co粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS),制取了超细硬质合金。利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪、洛氏硬度仪、密度测试仪、MTS陶瓷测试系统等,观察烧结体显微结构,测试其硬度、密度、断裂强度、矫顽磁力、磁饱和度。结果表明采用放电等离子烧结获得的烧结体的硬度HV1≥19500MPa,断裂强度TRS≥2800MPa,平均晶粒度150nm^300nm。制备了高强度、高硬度的超细WC-6Co硬质合金。

“化学炉”加机械压力法超快速制备超细晶氧化铝陶瓷

报道了一种制备具有微米级以下微观结构的完全致密氧化铝(Al2O3)陶瓷的新方法。用燃烧合成所产生的热量为热源代替传统烧结炉。用燃烧合成原料将Al2O3包裹起来作为“化学炉”,在燃烧反应完成的同时施加机械压力快速烧结制备Al2O3陶瓷。实验中,用平均粒径为600nm的Al2O3为原料,当施加的压力为120MPa时,得到完全致密的烧结体,整个过程为5min。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析结果显示:烧结后晶粒间结合良好,平均尺寸为600nm,与原料粒径相比无明显长大。

纳米-亚微米结构SiC-Al_2O_3复合陶瓷快速制备

采用粒径为600nm和200nm的高纯氧化铝、40nm碳化硅为原料,应用放电等离子(SPS)烧结工艺,在200℃/min的升温速率条件下,研究了原料粒径、温度条件对于纳米SiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷制备过程中晶粒生长以及致密度变化的影响。研究结果表明:在烧结温度1450℃、压力100MPa、保温2min的条件下,2种不同原料的纳米复合陶瓷的晶粒尺寸均在亚微米范围,烧结体致密度达98%。在相同温度压力条件下,小粒径烧结体密度小于大粒径烧结体。

转炉用快速烧结镁质投补料

根据转炉大面耐火材料的使用条件 ,研究了影响沥青结合及树脂结合镁质投补料使用性能的主要因素。结果表明 ,控制配入合适溶剂的沥青或树脂的加入量 ,掺加少量外加剂 ,可获得性能良好的修补料。二者相比 ,沥青结合镁质投补料的烧结时间较长 ,容易出现凹坑 ;树脂结合投补料与砖体间的粘结性比沥青的稍差 ,容易出现翘曲。

造纸白泥低温合成硅灰石在快烧釉面砖中的应用研究

根据造纸白泥的组成、性能、特点,以白泥为主要原料,加入一定量硅质原料,采用烧结法低温(1100℃)合成了硅灰石,其白泥用量占原料总质量分数的70%,并将合成的硅灰石综合用于一次低温快烧釉面砖中,其理化性能指标均达到国家标准。

铁基粉末的恒流电致快速烧结

采用恒流电致烧结方法对铁基混合粉末进行了快速烧结,通过对不同通电时间烧结样品的显微组织、断口形貌进行分析,并对其电阻、密度及各项机械性能进行测试,研究了粉末的电致烧结行为.结果表明:在较低的测量温度下,粉末中出现了烧结颈,并发生了铁-碳的互扩散,且颗粒界面有局部熔化的迹象,证实电致烧结初期在颗粒接触区域存在局部高温;随着烧结过程的进行,烧结体的密度、横向断裂强度和显微维氏硬度均呈上升趋势,电阻则逐渐降低.

纳米Bi_2O_3-Y_2O_3快离子导体的制备

以共沉淀法制备的纳米(75mol％Bi2O3+25mol％Y2O3)混合粉体作为原料,通过无 压反应烧结工艺制备了纳米Bi2O3-Y2O3快离子导体.对烧结过程中高导电相(纳米δ-Bi2O3) 的形成规律研究表明:固溶反应发生在烧结过程的初期,在烧结过程中晶粒生长规律符合 (D-D0)2=K·t抛物线方程.用模式识别技术对δ-Bi2O3相生成的工艺条件进行优化的工艺 参数优化区为:Y>-1.846X+3.433(X=0.0059T+0.0101t,Y=-0.0059T+0.0101t,式中, T为烧结温度,t为烧结时间).在T=600℃,t=2h无压反应烧结条件下,纳米晶Bi2O3-Y2O3 快离子导体材料的相对密度可达96％以上,并且微观结构致密均匀,很少有残留气孔和裂纹, 平均晶粒尺寸在100nm以下.

日用陶瓷低温快烧技术的发展现状

本文综述了陶瓷坯釉料、助熔剂和烧成工艺等因素对实现日用瓷低温快烧的影响。