An adaptive reanalysis method for genetic algorithm with application to fast truss optimization

Although the genetic algorithm （GA） for structural optimization is very robust, it is very computationally intensive and hence slower than optimality criteria and mathematical programming methods. To speed up the design process, the authors present an adaptive reanalysis method for GA and its applications in the optimal design of trusses. This reanalysis technique is primarily derived from the Kirsch＇s combined approximations method. An iteration scheme is adopted to adaptively determine the number of basis vectors at every generation. In order to illustrate this method, three classical examples of optimal truss design are used to validate the proposed reanalysis-based design procedure. The presented numerical results demonstrate that the adaptive reanalysis technique affects very slightly the accuracy of the optimal solutions and does accelerate the design process, especially for large-scale structures.

Fast pre-stack multi-channel inversion constrained by seismic reflection features

Classical multi-channel technology can significantly reduce the pre-stack seismic inversion uncertainty, especially for complex geology such as high dipping structures. However, due to the consideration of complex structure or reflection features, the existing multi-channel inversion methods have to adopt the highly time-consuming strategy of arranging seismic data trace-by-trace, limiting its wide application in pre-stack inversion. A fast pre-stack multi-channel inversion constrained by seismic reflection features has been proposed to address this issue. The key to our method is to re-characterize the reflection features to directly constrain the pre-stack inversion through a Hadamard product operator without rearranging the seismic data. The seismic reflection features can reflect the distribution of the stratum reflection interface, and we obtained them from the post-stack profile by searching the shortest local Euclidean distance between adjacent seismic traces. Instead of directly constructing a large-size reflection features constraint operator advocated by the conventional methods, through decomposing the reflection features along the vertical and horizontal direction at a particular sampling point, we have constructed a computationally well-behaved constraint operator represented by the vertical and horizontal partial derivatives. Based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) optimization, we have derived a fast algorithm for solving the objective function, including Hadamard product operators. Compared with the conventional reflection features constrained inversion, the proposed method is more efficient and accurate, proved on the Overthrust model and a field data set.

Real‑Time Predictive Control of Path Following to Stabilize Autonomous Electric Vehicles Under Extreme Drive Conditions

A novel real-time predictive control strategy is proposed for path following(PF)and vehicle stability of autonomous electric vehicles under extreme drive conditions.The investigated vehicle configuration is a distributed drive electric vehicle,which allows to independently control the torques of each in-wheel motor(IWM)for superior stability,but bringing control com-plexities.The control-oriented model is established by the Magic Formula tire function and the single-track vehicle model.For PF and direct yaw moment control,the nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC)strategy is developed to minimize PF tracking error and stabilize vehicle,outputting front tires’lateral force and external yaw moment.To mitigate the calcu-lation burdens,the continuation/general minimal residual algorithm is proposed for real-time optimization in NMPC.The relaxation function method is adopted to handle the inequality constraints.To prevent vehicle instability and improve steering capacity,the lateral velocity differential of the vehicle is considered in phase plane analysis,and the novel stable bounds of lateral forces are developed and online applied in the proposed NMPC controller.Additionally,the Lyapunov-based constraint is proposed to guarantee the closed-loop stability for the PF issue,and sufficient conditions regarding recursive feasibility and closed-loop stability are provided analytically.The target lateral force is transformed as front steering angle command by the inversive tire model,and the external yaw moment and total traction torque are distributed as the torque commands of IWMs by optimization.The validations prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improved steering capacity,desirable PF effects,vehicle stabilization,and real-time applicability.

The role of oral glucose tolerance test in screening for diabetes mellitus in the elderly of Harbin, China

Though diabetes is common worldwide, the proportion of cases diagnosed is not high. Nearly fifty percent of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in US are undiagnosed.~1 The ratio might be higher in China. It has been suggested that diabetes may be present 4 to 7 years before diagnosis.~2 (Many of) the complications appear to be present at the time of diagnosis of the diabetic status.~1 (Screening for) diabetes in early stage of diabetes is thus a worthwhile exercise.

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration and development of Yuanba gas field

This paper discusses the exploration and development history and lessons of the large ultra-deep biogenic reef gas field in Yuanba area,where the previous“Kaijiang-Liangping shelf”model provides an insight for the discovery of the biological reef and bank on the platform margin.Systematic analysis of key geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation shows that the reef and bank reservoirs in Yuanba area are characterized by row and zonal distribution along“Kaijiang-Liangping shelf”,the bank in early and the reef in late,the reef in the front and the bank in the back,and dominated by lateral accretion and progradation.The major exploration target of high-quality reef-bank reservoirs are developed in Changxing Formation instead of in Feixianguan Formation,Three stages of fractures and dissolution,and dolomitization control the development of the high-quality reservoirs.Two sets of effective source rocks(Permian Dalong Formation and Wujiaping Formation)provide sufficient gas source for the large gas field.Three dimensional migration pathway system composed of micro-faults,micro-fractures and interlayer fissures facilitates the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.The accumulation model of Yuanba gas field is characterized by the near-source accumulation,three-micro migration pathway system,lithological-stratigraphic reservoirs and tectonics controlling enrichment.According to the complex geological conditions such as ultra-deep reservoirs and multiple pressure systems in Yuanba gas field,several key technologies are developed during hydrocarbon exploration and development,including fine prediction of ultra-deep reef-bank reservoirs and identification of gas and water,fine-scale reservoir description and characterization of complex thin and small reef gas reservoirs,optimal&fast drilling of ultra-deep horizontal well,geo-steering of ultra-deep horizontal well for complex reef and bank.All these technologies resulted in the efficient exploration and development of Yuanba gas field and accelerated the innovation of theoretical technology and methods for ultra-deep reservoirs.