Effect and mechanism of on-chip electrostatic discharge protection circuit under fast rising time electromagnetic pulse

The electrostatic discharge(ESD)protection circuit widely exists in the input and output ports of CMOS digital circuits,and fast rising time electromagnetic pulse(FREMP)coupled into the device not only interacts with the CMOS circuit,but also acts on the protection circuit.This paper establishes a model of on-chip CMOS electrostatic discharge protection circuit and selects square pulse as the FREMP signals.Based on multiple physical parameter models,it depicts the distribution of the lattice temperature,current density,and electric field intensity inside the device.At the same time,this paper explores the changes of the internal devices in the circuit under the injection of fast rising time electromagnetic pulse and describes the relationship between the damage amplitude threshold and the pulse width.The results show that the ESD protection circuit has potential damage risk,and the injection of FREMP leads to irreversible heat loss inside the circuit.In addition,pulse signals with different attributes will change the damage threshold of the circuit.These results provide an important reference for further evaluation of the influence of electromagnetic environment on the chip,which is helpful to carry out the reliability enhancement research of ESD protection circuit.

基于BP神经网络的FAST馈源舱融合测量预测研究

500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope,FAST)的跟踪观测需要馈源的空间运动配合,馈源舱主要用于实现馈源的精调定位,因此馈源舱位置的高精度测量对FAST望远镜的高效运行意义重大。但当全站仪设备失效时,无法对采用Kalman算法的GPS/IMU融合测量结果进行修正,导致馈源舱测量精度下降。为了解决这个问题,设计了基于BP(back propagation)神经网络的预测模型,包括数据预处理、模型设计和模型训练验证。模型训练数据为FAST真实测量数据,数据量为40 GB左右。为了验证模型的泛化能力,选取三种运动轨迹数据对模型预测精度进行测试,结果显示,三种运动轨迹下精度都满足15 mm要求。

基于改进Fast-SCNN的裂缝图像实时分割算法

裂缝检测是一项关键工程任务,针对现有的主流裂缝语义分割模型参数量大、计算量高、实时性弱等问题,提出一种基于Fast-SCNN(fast segmentation convolution neural network)改进的裂缝图像实时分割算法。首先,该算法在Fast-SCNN基础上优化了空间金字塔池化模块SPP(spatial pyramid pooling)存在像素位置信息丢失以及计算量大的不足,提出了一种轻量级的特征金字塔注意力模块;其次,改进了上采样的方式,充分考虑像素之间的关系,提出了一种轻量级的位置自注意力模块用于上采样,以此来提升检测精度;最后,双分支的各自输出通过注意力门突显裂缝相关区域和抑制无关背景。所提算法能够为模型提供更为精确的像素级别的注意力,更加有效识别细小裂缝和提升复杂背景裂缝分割的鲁棒性。实验结果表明:与现有的主流模型和其他轻量级模型相比,该算法进一步平衡了分割精度与检测速度,在裂缝数据集上达到80.31%的平均交并比,F1 score为76.74%,参数量为1.20 M,计算量不足1 G,推理速度达到151 f/s,对裂缝图像实时分割检测任务具有较高的应用价值。

G-FAST评分对院前急救卒中前循环大血管闭塞的诊断价值研究

目的探讨凝视-面-臂-言语-时间(gaze-face-arm-speech-time,G-FAST)评分对院前急救卒中前循环大血管闭塞(large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation,aLVO)的诊断价值。方法选取2019年7月至2020年12月北京急救中心直属5个分中心送至宣武医院,且有完整院前G-FAST评分和入院诊断信息的卒中患者,根据缺血性卒中患者是否发生LVO分为LVO和非LVO组,采用ROC曲线分析G-FAST评分对院前卒中急救aLVO的诊断价值。结果纳入患者352例,其中急性缺血性卒中占比69.0%(243/352)。进行大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者149例,占急性缺血性卒中的61.3%(149/243);发生aLVO患者61例,占大血管病变评估的40.9%(61/149)、占急性缺血性卒中的25.1%(61/243)。149例大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者中,男100例,女49例;年龄18~93岁,平均70.5岁。与非aLVO组相比,aLVO组女性较多,G-FAST评分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST≥3分患者的aLVO发生率显著高于G-FAST≤2分者(68.9%比31.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST评分诊断院前急救卒中aLVO的ROC曲线的AUC为0.675(95%CI:0.589~0.761,P=0.000),G-FAST的cut-off值为2.5分时,灵敏度为72.10%,特异度为58.00%。结论G-FAST评分在院前急救卒中可准确识别急性缺血性患者aLVO,早诊断aLVO将利于急性缺血性患者尽早送至高级别卒中中心。

基于FastICA和G-G聚类的多元时序自适应分段

现有多元时间序列的分段方法主要通过检测时序数据统计特性或形状的变化情况,并以此为依据对分段点的位置进行“硬划分”.然而,这些分段方法无法对两个分段之间的过渡区间长度进行准确估计,且普遍需要人为预先设置参数,在高维且噪声较强的情况下分段效果较差.本文针对现有分段方法存在的诸多不足,提出一种基于FastICA(Fast Independent Component Analysis)和G-G(Gath-Geva)模糊聚类的多元时序自适应分段方法 .该方法利用FastICA进行特征提取,采用DW(Durbin-Watson)指数自动选取高信噪比的主成分,并根据最小描述长度(Minimum Description Length,MDL)设计基于G-G模糊聚类的自适应分段模型,实现对于多元时间序列的“软划分”.基于多种领域的真实数据集实验结果表明:与现有主流的分段方法相比,本文方法在上述数据集上的平均F1和MAE(Mean Absolute Error)可分别提升8.4%~16.8%和3.06%~6.56%.

The time and frequency standard system for FAST receivers

This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.

Quantum Approach to Fast Protein-Folding Time

In the traditional random-conformational-search model,various hypotheses with a series of meta-stable intermediate states were proposed to resolve the Levinthal paradox in protein-folding time.Here we introduce a quantum strategy to formulate protein folding as a quantum walk on a definite graph, which provides us a g’eneral framework without making hypotheses.Evaluating it by the mean of first passage time,we find that the folding time via our quantum approach is much shorter than the one obtained via.classical random walks.This idea is expected to evoke more insights for future studies.

Hybrid phase-locked loop with fast locking time and low spur in a 0.18-μm CMOS process

We propose a novel hybrid phase-locked loop （PLL） architecture for overcoming the trade-off between fast locking time and low spur. To reduce the settling time and meanwhile suppress the reference spurs, we employ a wide-band single-path PLL and a narrow-band dual-path PLL in a transient state and a steady state, respectively, by changing the loop bandwidth according to the gain of voltage controlled oscillator （VCO） and the resister of the loop filter. The hybrid PLL is implemented in a 0.18-μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor （CMOS） process with a total die area of 1.4×0.46 mm2. The measured results exhibit a reference spur level of lower than -73 dB with a reference frequency of 10 MHz and a settling time of 20 μs with 40 MHz frequency jump at 2 GHz. The total power consumption of the hybrid PLL is less than 27 mW with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.

FAST全站仪测量时滞处理方法研究

500 m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)作为我国的“十一五”重大科学工程,2016年9月25日竣工,是世界上最大的单口径射电望远镜。全站仪采用激光测量,具有测量精度高的优点,作为FAST的主要测量设备,对FAST馈源舱在高空140 m、口径206 m球冠面运动范围内进行精密实时动态跟踪测量。首先通过对全站仪的测量时滞和测量频率进行检测,评估了全站仪的实时动态测量性能,创新的采用基于新息重组的状态预估方法来消除全站仪的测量时滞,建立时滞系统的状态预测估计模型,通过状态估计和模型预测来消除时滞对测量精度的影响,经测试,应用该方法的目标位置测量精度可以提升85%以上,充分验证了这种方法的有效性,能够更好地提升FAST观测性能。

Effect of reprocessing on neutrons of a molten chloride salt fast reactor

Due to their unique features,such as the inherent safety,simplified fuel cycle,and continuous on-line reprocessing,molten salt reactors(MSRs)are regarded as one of the six reference reactors in the Generation IV International Forum(GEN-IV).Molten chloride salt fast reactors(MCFRs)are a type of MSR.Compared to molten fluoride salt reactors(MFSRs),MCFRs have a higher solubility of heavy metal atoms,a harder neutron spectrum,lower accumulation of fission products(FPs),and better breeding and transmutation performance.Thus,MCFRs have been recognized as a type of MSR with great prospects for future development.However,as the most important feature for MSRs,the effect of different reprocessing modes on MCFRs must be researched in depth.As such,this study investigated the effect of different isotopes,especially FPs,on the neutronic performance of an MCFR,such as its breeding performance.Furthermore,the characteristics of the different reprocessing modes and MCFR rates were analyzed in terms of safety,radioactivity level,neutron economy,and breeding capacity.In the end,a reprocessing method suitable for MCFRs was determined through calculation and analysis,which provides a reference for the further research of MCFRs.

Adaptive Control of Active Balancing System for a Fast Speed-varying Jeffcott Rotor with Actuator Time Delay

Due to actuator time delay existing in an adaptive control of the active balancing system for a fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor, if an unsynchronized control force (correction imbalance) is applied to the system, it may lead to degradation in control efficiency and instability of the control system. In order to avoid these shortcomings, a simple adaptive controller was designed for a strictly positive real rotor system with actuator time delay, then a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional was constructed after an appropriate transform of this sys-tem model, the stability conditions of this adaptive control system with actuator time delay were derived. After adding a filter function, the active balancing system for the fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor with actuator time delay can easily be converted to a strictly positive real system, and thus it can use the above adaptive controller satisfying the stability conditions. Finally, numerical simulations show that the adaptive controller proposed works very well to perform the active balancing for the fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor with actuator time delay.

Evaluation of NBI absorption and fast ion stored energy to improve thermal energy confinement time calculation in EAST

The absorption of neutral beam power and the fast ion stored energy in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection(NBI)is analyzed to improve the calculation of thermal energy confinement time.The neutral beam power absorption and fast ion stored energy are systematically calculated using the TRANSP code,through the investigation of global parameters including plasma current,line averaged density and beam energy.Results have shown that scaling laws for the NBI absorption coefficient and fast ion energy rate are obtained through statistical analysis.A comparison of the confinement improvement factor H98y2 with these new scaling laws against those assuming fixed coefficients is given.

Time-Delay Effects on Synchronization of Coupled Slow-Fast Systems

Time-delay effects on synchronization features of delay-coupled slow-fast van der Pol systems are investigated in the present paper. The synchronization mechanism of “slow-manifold adjustment” is firstly described on the basis of geometric singular perturbation theory. Then, the impact of time delay on the structure of the slow manifold of synchronized system is obtained by using the method of stability switch, and thus, time-delay effects on synchronization features are stated. It is shown the time delay cannot qualitatively affect the synchronization mechanism, however, it can result in the drift of the optimal coupling strength.

基于子循环自适应串行交错时间匹配算法的油浸式变压器绕组瞬态温升计算

针对传统算法存在的步长调整及耦合点选择问题,该文提出基于子循环自适应串行交错(SCAS)的时间匹配算法。首先,在步长调整方面,通过加入自适应(ATS)-启发式(HTS)混合变步长算法,解决步长无法实时调整的问题;然后,针对耦合点选择问题,该文在传统常规串行交错(CSS)时间匹配算法及现有改进方案子循环常规串行交错(SCSS)的基础上,提出SCAS时间匹配算法,采用自适应方案确定计算时间窗及预定耦合点,并引入指数平滑法对其精度进行保证;最后,该文基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器建立二维瞬态单分区分匝绕组模型,并将所提算法与其他传统方法进行对比分析。结果表明:在精度方面,与传统CSS算法相比SCAS算法的流场及温度场最大平均相对误差均不超过0.45%,在可接受误差范围内;在效率方面,SCAS算法总体计算效率较CSS算法提高了近20倍。同时,为了说明所提算法的工程价值,该文搭建基于110 kV变压器绕组模型的温升实验平台,将SCAS时间匹配算法应用于该模型中,实验结果表明:在精度方面,SCAS算法与实验达到稳态时最大绝对误差为2.7 K;在计算效率上,本文所提算法的计算效率较传统算法提升约46倍,计算步数约为传统的1/47,减少了计算冗余。

快速刀具伺服系统位置域重复控制设计及其数字实现

在非圆零件车削过程中,快速刀具伺服(Fast tool servo,FTS)的运动精度直接影响零件的加工质量.主轴变速加工使得FTS的参考目标信号周期时变而不确定,这对实现其渐近跟踪提出了极大的挑战.本文利用FTS的位置域周期特性,提出一种基于位置域重复控制和时域速度反馈镇定的FTS系统复合控制设计方法,并给出位置域改进型重复控制器(Spatial modified repetitive controller,SMRC)的数字实现算法,实现对时变周期参考目标信号的高精度跟踪.首先,建立包含位置相关时变周期参考目标信号内模的SMRC,并引入位置域相位超前装置对镇定补偿器引起的相位滞后进行补偿,在此基础上构建复合控制律.然后应用小增益定理和算子理论,推导出控制系统的稳定性条件,在保持系统采样频率不变的条件下,应用插值法建立SMRC的数字实现算法,确保位置域重复控制和时域镇定控制器的同步执行.最后,通过仿真验证所设计的FTS控制系统具有满意的时变周期跟踪性能和鲁棒性,并通过与其他位置域重复控制方法的比较,说明所提方法同时具有更好的暂态和稳态性能.

色纺纱用黏胶纤维的连续染色工艺与染色性能

采用散纤维连续染色技术对黏胶散纤维进行连续浸渍染色后再冷堆固色,然后进行连续式水洗。分析了固色时间对黏胶纤维外观形貌、色泽指标及力学性能的影响,并对染色黏胶纤维成品的色牢度、pH和甲醛含量进行测试。结果表明:连续浸渍染色后的黏胶纤维,经冷堆24 h固色后,可获得较好的匀染性;染色黏胶纤维的力学性能略有下降,其中强度下降约15%,断裂伸长率下降约16%;染色黏胶纤维的各项色牢度、pH和甲醛含量均符合要求。

基于改进非线性滑模控制的轮式机器人轨迹跟踪

针对轮式机器人的轨迹跟踪控制存在的问题,设计了一种改进非线性快速终端滑模控制器(improved nonlinear fast terminal sliding mode controller,INFTSMC)的控制方案。首先,通过对轮式机器人运动学的分析建立了轨迹跟踪误差模型;其次,在设计滑模控制器阶段,针对非线性快速终端滑模控制器存在奇异点,采用一种新的滑模面幂指数时变策略来设计非奇异终端滑模控制器,解决了非线性快速终端滑模控制器奇异问题,通过构造Lyapunov函数进行稳定性分析证明了该策略的稳定性,并且进行收敛时间分析给出系统从任意初始状态收敛至平衡点所需要的时间;然后,在新的滑模面幂指数时变策略的基础上设计了轮式机器人线速度和角速度控制律,使得轮式机器人轨迹跟踪误差快速收敛至0,实现了移动机器人对期望轨迹的快速跟踪。通过仿真实验与非线性快速终端滑模控制器和传统滑模控制其进行对比,验证了改进非线性快速终端滑模控制器的优越性。

一种数据库查询的多标签电能质量混合扰动识别与分类新方法

该文针对电能质量混合扰动的复杂性及当前分类识别的准确率不够高等问题,提出一种数据库查询的多标签电能质量混合扰动分类与识别方法,该方法能够更加科学准确地识别混合扰动,可为电能质量治理、扰动事件责任追究等提供有力决策辅助。首先,该方法基于可调Q因子小波变换(tunable Q-factor wavelet transform,TQWT)和时变均方根(rootmeansquare,RMS)的特征提取方法有效提取扰动信号基频时域特征量,较好地克服了当前基频幅值特征提取准确率不够高的难点问题;其次,提出频域特征曲线分割新方法,高效地提取扰动信号的高频特征曲线;然后,建立基频幅值特征数据库和高频特征曲线数据库;最后,利用快速动态时间规整(dynamictimewarping,DTW)结合多标签的分类思想进行混合电能质量扰动的多标签分类。仿真实验结果表明,新方法具有如下优势:几乎不受限值范围内基频偏移的影响,抗噪性较强,对单一扰动及包含双重、三重、四重扰动在内的27种扰动具有较高的分类准确率。电网实测扰动数据的分析,进一步验证了该方法的扰动识别有效性。

故障检测与重构下基于AFTSMO的ROV三维航迹跟踪控制

针对传统的滑模观测器在缆控水下机器人(ROV)系统状态估计与故障重构过程中存在渐近收敛、无法及时准确重构故障信号的问题,提出一种基于自适应快速终端滑模观测器(adaptive fast terminal sliding mode observer)的故障检测和控制优化方法。建立带有推进器故障、未知外界干扰和模型参数不确定性等复合干扰的ROV系统故障模型;设计具有自适应特性的快速终端滑模控制器,保证所有的状态估计误差在有限时间内收敛;通过等效输出误差注入法对推进器引起的故障进行估计重构。采用Lyapunov稳定性理论验证控制系统的稳定性,仿真结果表明,所设计的故障检测方法能够快速检测和重构故障,保证ROV系统较高的跟踪精度,并通过实验验证了所提算法的有效性。

一种双控制模式的同步降压型DC/DC转换器

为突破转换器在输出电容选型上的局限性,保证转换器快速的负载瞬态响应,基于自适应恒定导通时间控制的两种控制模式,提出一种可根据输出电容类型选择控制模式的同步降压型DC/DC转换器。在D-CAP模式下,支持具有适当等效串联电阻的电容等作为输出电容;在电流模式下,支持等效串联电阻较低的陶瓷电容作为输出电容。基于0.35μm BCD工艺,使用Cadence软件对转换器进行瞬态仿真。结果表明,该设计在两种模式下都具有快速的瞬态响应。