Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum...Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.展开更多
依据专家感官审评结果将14个红茶样本按香气品质的优劣划分为优质红茶与缺陷红茶2组,基于快速气相电子鼻(fast gas chromatography-electronic-nose,GC-E-Nose)和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)融合技术结...依据专家感官审评结果将14个红茶样本按香气品质的优劣划分为优质红茶与缺陷红茶2组,基于快速气相电子鼻(fast gas chromatography-electronic-nose,GC-E-Nose)和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)融合技术结合多元统计分析对2组茶样进行判别分析,筛选影响两类茶样分类的关键差异组分。结果显示:GC-E-Nose(44维)和GC-MS(73维)相融合可以得到117维融合数据集,用其建立的正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型可以实现两类红茶的准确分类,其模型解释能力和预测能力(R_(Y)^(2)=0.976,Q^(2)=0.959)较单一的GC-E-Nose或GC-MS数据模型更优。基于变量投影重要性>1.6和P<0.05双变量原则,共筛选出二甲基硫醚(B3、B25)、β-紫罗酮(A59)、(3E)-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯(A20)、二氢猕猴桃内酯(A64)、芳樟醇(A17)、苯乙醇(A19)、δ-辛内酯(A41)和γ-壬内酯(A45)8个关键香气组分对分类起重要作用。研究结果表明,GC-E-Nose与GC-MS融合技术可以实现缺陷红茶和优质红茶的快速、准确分类,该方法可作为传统感官审评方法的补充,为红茶品质控制和质量提升提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51937009 and 51877166)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2019ZDLGY18-04)
文摘Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.
文摘依据专家感官审评结果将14个红茶样本按香气品质的优劣划分为优质红茶与缺陷红茶2组,基于快速气相电子鼻(fast gas chromatography-electronic-nose,GC-E-Nose)和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)融合技术结合多元统计分析对2组茶样进行判别分析,筛选影响两类茶样分类的关键差异组分。结果显示:GC-E-Nose(44维)和GC-MS(73维)相融合可以得到117维融合数据集,用其建立的正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型可以实现两类红茶的准确分类,其模型解释能力和预测能力(R_(Y)^(2)=0.976,Q^(2)=0.959)较单一的GC-E-Nose或GC-MS数据模型更优。基于变量投影重要性>1.6和P<0.05双变量原则,共筛选出二甲基硫醚(B3、B25)、β-紫罗酮(A59)、(3E)-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯(A20)、二氢猕猴桃内酯(A64)、芳樟醇(A17)、苯乙醇(A19)、δ-辛内酯(A41)和γ-壬内酯(A45)8个关键香气组分对分类起重要作用。研究结果表明,GC-E-Nose与GC-MS融合技术可以实现缺陷红茶和优质红茶的快速、准确分类,该方法可作为传统感官审评方法的补充,为红茶品质控制和质量提升提供技术支撑。
