Trajectory tracking guidance of interceptor via prescribed performance integral sliding mode with neural network disturbance observer

This paper investigates interception missiles’trajectory tracking guidance problem under wind field and external disturbances in the boost phase.Indeed,the velocity control in such trajectory tracking guidance systems of missiles is challenging.As our contribution,the velocity control channel is designed to deal with the intractable velocity problem and improve tracking accuracy.The global prescribed performance function,which guarantees the tracking error within the set range and the global convergence of the tracking guidance system,is first proposed based on the traditional PPF.Then,a tracking guidance strategy is derived using the integral sliding mode control techniques to make the sliding manifold and tracking errors converge to zero and avoid singularities.Meanwhile,an improved switching control law is introduced into the designed tracking guidance algorithm to deal with the chattering problem.A back propagation neural network(BPNN)extended state observer(BPNNESO)is employed in the inner loop to identify disturbances.The obtained results indicate that the proposed tracking guidance approach achieves the trajectory tracking guidance objective without and with disturbances and outperforms the existing tracking guidance schemes with the lowest tracking errors,convergence times,and overshoots.

Backstepping Sliding Mode Control Based on Extended State Observer for Hydraulic Servo System

Hydraulic servo system plays an important role in industrial fields due to the advantages of high response,small size-to-power ratio and large driving force.However,inherent nonlinear behaviors and modeling uncertainties are the main obstacles for hydraulic servo system to achieve high tracking perfor-mance.To deal with these difficulties,this paper presents a backstepping sliding mode controller to improve the dynamic tracking performance and anti-interfer-ence ability.For this purpose,the nonlinear dynamic model is firstly established,where the nonlinear behaviors and modeling uncertainties are lumped as one term.Then,the extended state observer is introduced to estimate the lumped distur-bance.The system stability is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem.Finally,comparative simulation and experimental are conducted on a hydraulic servo system platform to verify the efficiency of the proposed control scheme.

The Non-Singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Deep Flux Weakening Switching Point Tracking

This paper presents a novel non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control(NFTSMC)based on the deep flux weakening switching point tracking method in order to improve the control performance of permanent interior magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)drive systems.The mathematical model of flux weakening(FW)control is established,and the deep flux weakening switching point is calculated accurately by analyzing the relationship between the torque curve and voltage decline curve.Next,a second-order NFTSMC is designed for the speed loop controller to ensure that the system converges to the equilibrium state in finite time.Then,an extended sliding mode disturbance observer(ESMDO)is designed to estimate the uncertainty of the system.Finally,compared with both the PI control and sliding mode control(SMC)by simulations and experiments with different working conditions,the method proposed has the merits of accelerating convergence,improving steady-state accuracy,and minimizing the current and torque pulsation.

Diving control of underactuated unmanned undersea vehicle using integral-fast terminal sliding mode control

The problem of diving control for an underactuated unmanned undersea vehicle(UUV) considering the presence of parameters perturbations and wave disturbances was addressesed.The vertical motion of an UUV was divided into two noninteracting subsystems for surge velocity control and diving.To stabilize the vertical motion system,the surge velocity and the depth control controllers were proposed using backstepping technology and an integral-fast terminal sliding mode control(IFTSMC).It is proven that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the error signals in the whole closed-loop system globally converge to the sliding surface in finite time and asymptotically converge to the origin along the sliding surface.With a unified control parameters for different motion states,a series of numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the above designed control scheme,which also shows strong robustness against parameters perturbations and wave disturbances.

Fuzzy Fractional-Order Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Some Chaotic Microcomponents

In this paper,we propose a novel fractionalorder fast terminal sliding mode control method,based on an integer-order scheme,to stabilize the chaotic motion of two typical microcomponents.We apply the fractional Lyapunov stability theorem to analytically guarantee the asymptotic stability of a system characterized by uncertainties and external disturbances.To reduce chattering,we design a fuzzy logic algorithm to replace the traditional signum function in the switching law.Lastly,we perform numerical simulations with both the fractional-order and integer-order control laws.Results show that the proposed control law is effective in suppressing chaos.

PMSM speed control using adaptive sliding mode control based on an extended state observer

In this study,a composite strategy based on sliding-mode control( SMC) is employed in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor vector control system to improve the system robustness performance against parameter variations and load disturbances. To handle the intrinsic chattering of SMC,an adaptive law and an extended state observer( ESO) are utilized in the speed SMC controller design. The adaptive law is used to estimate the internal parameter variations and compensate for the disturbances caused by model uncertainty. In addition,the ESO is introduced to estimate the load disturbance in real time. The estimated value is used as a feed-forward compensator for the speed adaptive sliding-mode controller to further increase the system's ability to resist disturbances. The proposed composite method,which combines adaptive SMC( ASMC) and ESO,is compared with PI control and ASMC. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method alleviates the chattering of SMC systems and improves the dynamic response and robustness of the speed control system against disturbances.

Non-Negative Adaptive Mechanism-Based Sliding Mode Control for Parallel Manipulators with Uncertainties

In this paper,a non-negative adaptive mechanism based on an adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to have finite time and high-speed trajectory tracking for parallel manipulators with the existence of unknown bounded complex uncertainties and external disturbances.The proposed approach is a hybrid scheme of the online non-negative adaptive mechanism,tracking differentiator,and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control(NFTSMC).Based on the online non-negative adaptive mechanism,the proposed control can remove the assumption that the uncertainties and disturbances must be bounded for the NFTSMC controllers.The proposed controller has several advantages such as simple structure,easy implementation,rapid response,chattering-free,high precision,robustness,singularity avoidance,and finite-time convergence.Since all control parameters are online updated via tracking differentiator and non-negative adaptive law,the tracking control performance at high-speed motions can be better in real-time requirement and disturbance rejection ability.Finally,simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Grey Wolf Optimization Based Tuning of Terminal Sliding Mode Controllers for a Quadrotor

The research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)has intensified considerably thanks to the recent growth in the fields of advanced automatic control,artificial intelligence,and miniaturization.In this paper,a Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm is proposed and successfully applied to tune all effective parameters of Fast Terminal Sliding Mode(FTSM)controllers for a quadrotor UAV.A full control scheme is first established to deal with the coupled and underactuated dynamics of the drone.Controllers for altitude,attitude,and position dynamics become separately designed and tuned.To work around the repetitive and time-consuming trial-error-based procedures,all FTSM controllers’parameters for only altitude and attitude dynamics are systematically tuned thanks to the proposed GWO metaheuristic.Such a hard and complex tuning task is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem under operational constraints.The performance and robustness of the GWO-based control strategy are compared to those based on homologous metaheuristics and standard terminal sliding mode approaches.Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed GWO-tuned FTSM controllers for the altitude and attitude dynamics’stabilization and tracking.Nonparametric statistical analyses revealed that the GWO algorithm is more competitive with high performance in terms of fastness,non-premature convergence,and research exploration/exploitation capabilities.

Novel Logarithmic Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode and ItsApplication in Attitude Control of QTR

In this study we mainly focus on the attitude control problem of a quad tilt rotor aircraft with respect to unknown external disturbance. We propose a class of control methods based on a novel logarithmic fast non singular terminal sliding surface a new fast reaching law and extended state disturbance observer. A logarithmic non singular terminal sliding surface is used owing to its convergence in finite time and significant robustness. A fast reaching law with two order characteristics of the sliding mode is designed. This reaching law can be used reduce the convergence time of traditional reaching law. In addition the extended state disturbance observer is utilized for online estimation and to compensate for system disturbance. The simulation experiment results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional non singular fast sliding mode control.

Roll-pitch-yaw autopilot design for nonlinear time-varying missile using partial state observer based global fast terminal sliding mode control

The acceleration autopilot design for skid-to-turn （STT） missile faces a great challenge owing to coupling effect among planes, variation of missile velocity and its parameters, inexistence of a complete state vector, and nonlinear aerodynamics. Moreover, the autopilot should be designed for the entire flight envelope where fast variations exist. In this paper, a design of integrated roll-pitch-yaw autopilot based on global fast terminal sliding mode control （GFTSMC） with a partial state nonlinear observer （PSNLO） for STT nonlinear time-varying missile model, is employed to address these issues. GFTSMC with a novel sliding surface is proposed to nullify the integral error and the singularity problem without application of the sign function. The proposed autopilot consisting of two-loop structure, controls STT maneuver and stabilizes the rolling with a PSNLO in order to estimate the immeasurable states as an output while its inputs are missile measurable states and control signals. The missile model considers the velocity variation, gravity effect and parameters＇ variation. Furthermore, the environmental conditions＇ dynamics are mod- eled. PSNLO stability and the closed loop system stability are studied. Finally, numerical simulation is established to evaluate the proposed autopilot performance and to compare it with existing approaches in the literature.

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator System

In this paper, a fuzzy sliding mode active disturbance rejection control(FSMADRC) scheme is proposed for an autonomous underwater vehicle-manipulator system(AUVMS) with a two-link and three-joint manipulator. First, the AUVMS is separated into nine subsystems, and the combined effects of dynamic uncertainties, hydrodynamic force, unknown disturbances, and nonlinear coupling terms on each subsystem are lumped into a single total disturbance. Next, a linear extended state observer(LESO) is presented to estimate the total disturbance. Then, a sliding mode active disturbance rejection control(SMADRC) scheme is proposed to enhance the robustness of the control system. The stability of the SMADRC and the estimation errors of the LESO are analyzed. Because it is difficult to simultaneously adjust several parameters for a LESO-based SMADRC scheme, a fuzzy logic control(FLC) scheme is used to formulate the FSMADRC to determine the appropriate parameters adaptively for practical applications. Finally, two AUVMS tasks are illustrated to test the trajectory tracking performance of the closed-loop system and its ability to reject and attenuate the total disturbance. The simulation results show that the proposed FSMADRC scheme achieves better performance and consume less energy than conventional PID and FLC techniques.

A Sliding Mode Approach to Enhance the Power Quality of Wind Turbines Under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

An integral terminal sliding mode-based control design is proposed in this paper to enhance the power quality of wind turbines under unbalanced voltage conditions. The design combines the robustness, fast response, and high quality transient characteristics of the integral terminal sliding mode control with the estimation properties of disturbance observers. The controller gains were auto-tuned using a fuzzy logic approach.The effectiveness of the proposed design was assessed under deep voltage sag conditions and parameter variations. Its dynamic response was also compared to that of a standard SMC approach.The performance analysis and simulation results confirmed the ability of the proposed approach to maintain the active power,currents, DC-link voltage and electromagnetic torque within their acceptable ranges even under the most severe unbalanced voltage conditions. It was also shown to be robust to uncertainties and parameter variations, while effectively mitigating chattering in comparison with the standard SMC.

Sliding mode control for synchronization of chaotic systems with structure or parameters mismatching

This paper deals with the synchronization of chaotic systems with structure or parameters difference. Nonlinear differential geometry theory was applied to transform the chaotic discrepancy system into canonical form. A feedback control for synchronizing two chaotic systems is proposed based on sliding mode control design. To make this controller physically realizable, an extended state observer is used to estimate the error between the transmitter and receiver. Two illustrative examples were carried out: (1) The Chua oscillator was used to show that synchronization was achieved and the message signal was recovered in spite of parametric variations; (2) Two second-order driven oscillators were presented to show that the synchronization can be achieved and that the message can be recovered in spite of the strictly different model.

Robust sliding mode control with ESO for dual-control missile

This paper proposes a novel composite dual-control bycombing the integral sliding mode control （ISMC） method basedon the finite time convergence theory with extended state observer（ESO） for a tracking problem of a missile with tail fins and reactionjetcontrol system （RCS）. First, the ISMC method based on finitetime convergence is utilized to design the control law of tail fins andthe pulse control of RCS for the dual-control system, ensuring thesystem with rapid response and high accuracy of tracking. Then,ESO is employed for the estimation of aerodynamic disturbancesinfluenced by the airflow of thruster jets. With the characteristicof high accuracy estimation of ESO, the chattering free trackingperformance of the attack angle command and the robustnessof the control law are achieved. Meanwhile, the stability of thedual-control system is analyzed based on finite time convergencestability theorem and Lyapunov’s theorem. Finally, numerical simulationsdemonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.

Observer-Based Control for a Cable-Driven Aerial Manipulator under Lumped Disturbances

With the increasing demand for interactive aerial operations,the application of aerial manipulators is becoming more promising.However,there are a few critical problems on how to improve the energetic efficiency and pose control of the aerialmanipulator forpractical application.In this paper,a novel cable-drivenaerialmanipulatorused for remote water sampling is proposed and then its rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model is constructed which takes joint flexibility into account.To achieve high precision joint position tracking under lumped disturbances,a newly controller,which consists of three parts:linear extended state observer,adaptive super-twisting strategy,and fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control,is proposed.The linear extended state observer is adopted to approximate unmeasured states and unknown lumped disturbances and achieve model-free control structure.The adaptive super-twisting strategy and fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control are combined together to achieve good control performance and counteract chattering problem.The Lyapunovmethod is utilized to prove the overall stability and convergence of the system.Lastly,various visualization simulations and ground experiments are conducted,verifying the effectiveness of our strategy,and all outcomes demonstrate its superiorities over the existing control strategies.

基于PFC电路直流纹波抑制的二阶自适应滑模控制器设计

文中提出一种背靠背型中性点钳位式(back-to-back neutral point clamped,BT-NPC)功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)电路,并设计二阶自适应滑模控制方法用于提高电路鲁棒性与降低电流谐波含量。首先,分析所提三电平PFC电路工作特性,推导该电路的等效模型及其模态扰动,并分析模态扰动量对其工作特性的影响;然后,结合高阶滑模理论与自适应控制两者的优点,设计二阶自适应滑模控制器,既使电路具有变结构控制的良好鲁棒性,又能最大限度的减小控制震颤。同时,基于电流带宽分析,设计比例谐振控制器补偿交流电流与工频相位,并设计基于扩张状态观测器的直流电压采样滤波方法,用于消除二倍频纹波造成的电流谐波影响。最后,基于BT-NPC电路,搭建220 V/50 Hz、1 kW/400 V的实验样机,实验结果验证所提变换器的可行性和控制方法的有效性。

全超导托卡马克核聚变发电装置快控电源的干扰抑制离散积分滑模电流控制

全超导托卡马克核聚变发电装置(EAST)快控电源的首要性能指标是快速跟踪参考信号,以输出电流实现负载线圈的励磁,对等离子体的垂直位移进行反馈控制。EAST快控电源负载线圈受装置内部部件和真空内等离子体的影响,线圈感值会出现小范围内慢时变波动以及线圈上存在互感电动势干扰,传统比例-积分(PI)控制方法在电流跟踪控制过程中存在不足。为了实现干扰的抑制和应对负载波动,提出一种带干扰抑制的离散积分滑模控制方法,根据系统状态方程设计离散积分滑模控制器,结合滑模干扰观测器实现集总干扰的观测,对集总干扰进行前馈补偿控制。为了抑制抖振和加快收敛速度,设计一种新型平滑饱和函数和增益自适应观测器,根据观测电流误差和跟踪电流误差自适应调整观测器增益。对比传统PI控制,仿真和实验验证了所提控制方法具有更加优良的电流跟踪特性,在输出电流超调更小的情况下动态响应更快,能够有效地抑制负载侧扰动,具有良好的鲁棒性。

无人机舵面故障高阶滑模重构观测器设计及主动容错控制

针对无人机舵面损伤故障容错问题,提出了基于二阶非奇异终端滑模重构观测器及主动容错设计方法。在分析舵面正常偏转运动学和动力学特性基础上,构建了无人机典型舵面故障非线性特性模型。提出无人机舵面故障的高阶滑模重构滑模观测器设计方案;引入线性变换降维简化观测器设计程式;将终端滑模和非奇异终端滑模结合起来,实现滑模运动有限时间快速收敛;综合自适应律、线性矩阵不等式设计观测器系数矩阵,确保状态估计偏差有界稳定。提出集状态与故障重构于一体的主动容错控制方案,并通过仿真算例检验所提方案的有效性。

基于ESO分数阶滑模调节的PMSM模型预测转矩控制

为了提高永磁同步电机调速系统的性能,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的分数阶滑模预测转矩控制策略。采用扩张状态观测器对电机的综合扰动项、定子电流和反电动势进行实时观测,可快速准确得到它们的估计值并进行补偿;利用估计值构建分数阶滑模控制器来削弱系统抖振并提高鲁棒性;利用转矩和磁链无差拍预测控制,减少了遍历次数并降低了计算复杂度。通过仿真和半实物平台进行了验证,所得结果表明,所提出的方法能有效提升系统的鲁棒性,使电机具有良好的动态和静态性能。

温度自适应SMO算法估计锂离子电池的SOC

现有对锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)的估计,没有考虑温度变化导致的SOC估计准确度降低。提出一种考虑温度的滑模观测(SMO)法进行SOC估计。基于混合脉冲功率测试(HPPC)实验的数据,得到18650型LiFePO4锂离子电池的SOC与温度、参数之间的拟合式,通过台风(Typhoon)系统进行半实物实验分析。温度自适应SMO算法在低温或常温工况下的平均误差较传统SMO算法降低0.3~0.5个百分点,直接通过拟合式所快速估计的SOC较温度自适应SMO算法平均误差在2%左右,常温25℃工况下误差低于1%,能够实现较高的估计精准度,为快速估计SOC提供了较好的算法参考。