Propagation of light near the band edge in one-dimensional multilayers

Optical systems offer rich modulation in light propagation, but sufficient quantitative descriptions lack when highly complex structures are considered since practical structures contain defects or imperfections. Here, we utilize a method combining a data-fitting method and a time-resolved system to describe light propagation near the band edges in onedimensional structures. Calculations after optimization of the method show little deviation to the measurements.

Light Propagation in the Second post-Newtonian Approximation of Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravity

在这份报纸，我们使用公制的系数和在分级张肌的理论的第二 Newtonian 以后近似获得导出秒顺序光繁殖方程和轻偏转角度并且把它与以前的工作作比较的运动的方程。这些结果为象与 micro-arcsecond 和 nano-arcsecond 精确性瞄准天体测量学的 ASTROD， GAIA，达尔文和 SIM 一样的精确天体测量学使命是有用的，并且为第二个 Newtonian 以后框架和位置推算历需要让观察决定星并且太空船位置。

Philosophical Approach to Space Fabric and Propagation of Light

First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parameters. Thus, several mysteries of quantum physics are still unresolved because both are considered in the same paradigm. This paper further estab-lishes that the spatial space (medium of propagation) is a fabric made of different cosmo-logical substances. It explains how the space fabric plays an important role in creating dif-ferent cosmic phenomena such as gravitation, repulsion, cosmic inflation, and other mys-teries. This spatial space fabric accepts the electromagnetic wave by way of physical time, creating a spacetime continuum. Next, the paper proposes a new vision that explains how an electromagnetic wave transports photons from an emitter to a receiver with a constant velocity by outlining a new paradigm of time and space and precisely treating photons as cosmological substances. This vision explains how the second postulate of Einstein’s special theory of relativity remains valid even if the time dilation due to velocity is not a reality. The correctness of the approach is validated through the results obtained from previous well-known experiments.

Asymmetric light propagation based on semi-circular photonic crystals

A new structure based on a semi-circular photonic crystal is proposed to achieve asymmetric light propagation. The semi-circular photonic crystal structure proposed in this paper is a deformation of a two-dimensional conventional square photonic crystal. Through the directional bandgap of the semi-circular photonic crystal, the light from one direction can transfer to the other side, but the light from the opposite direction cannot. A high contrast ratio is obtained by designing the constitutive parameters of the photonic crystal and choosing the suitable light frequency. This structure promises a significant potential in optical integration and other areas.

Light Front Boson Model Propagation

这的范围和工作是描述二身体的相互作用的目的在轻前面的明确的表达以内由一个粒子(数量或计量器波色子) 调停了。做这，首先，我们在量力学指出增殖者和格林功能的重要性。然后，我们投射 covariant 量增殖者到轻前面时间上在这些坐标为分级的粒子得到增殖者。这个操作符从 x+= 宣传波浪函数 0 到 x+> 0。它对应于在轻前面时间 x+ 订操作的时间的定义。我们为在 x+ 向前宣传的 2 交往波色子计算轻前面的格林的功能。我们也显示出怎么从 Feynman 增殖者写下轻前面格林的功能并且最后做归纳到 N 波色子。

Development of tomographic reconstruction for three-dimensional optical imaging:From the inversion of light propagation to artificial intelligence

Optical molecular tomography(OMT)is an imaging modality which uses an optical signal,especially near-infrared light,to reconstruct the three-dimensional information of the light source in biological tissue.With the advantages of being low-cost,noninvasive and having high sensitivity,OMT has been applied in preclinical and clinical research.However,due to its serious ill-posedness and illcondition,the solution of OMT requires heavy data analysis and the reconstruction quality is limited.Recently,the artificial intelligence(commonly known as AI)-based methods have been proposed to provide a different tool to solve the OMT problem.In this paper,we review the progress on OMT algorithms,from conventional methods to AI-based methods,and we also give a prospective towards future developments in this domain.

Analysis of light propagation characteristic in the aero-optic flow field of cone-headed vehicle with side window

Aero-optic imaging deviation research is carried out for infrared-guided vehicle with cone-head side window,with a focus on the propagation characteristics of light in an aero-optic flow field.When the light entering the aero-optic flow field from the free-stream should be close to the normal,numerous data indicate that the light is refracted away from the normal.This paper divides the aero-optic flow field into two parts and uses the gas density distribution in the aero-optic flow field to propose the hypothesis that there are two modes of refraction when light propagates through the flow field.The results show that light propagates from the optically denser medium to the optically thinner medium after passing through the shock wave and eventually leads to refraction away from the normal when the light enters the aero-optic flow field.

An analytical validation for the attenuation of lateral propagating light in sea ice

The attenuation of lateral propagating light （LPL） in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficientμ（λ）for lateral prop-agating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically be-cause of insufficient understanding.

Optical Rotation of Linearly Polarized Light Propagating through a Nonideal 1D-Superlattice

The problem of finding polariton modes (necessary for calculating gyrotropic characteristics) in space-dispersed superlattices is not yet solved. At the same time the specified quantities can be approximately evaluated if the widths of layers comprising a multilayer material are much bigger then the characteristic scales of space dispersion. In such a case the contribution of individual layers to gyrotropy can be regarded as independed. Thus the corresponding optical quantities can be expressed through the layers' gyrotropic characteristics. This approach is applied to calculate the specific rotation angle of plane of polarization of light propagating through a nonideal 1D-superlattice, which varies in composition as well as in layers' width.

Toughening ultrastrong low-density steel by textured δ-ferrite lamellas

By both the Charpy V-notched impact and the projectile tests, we here investigated the dynamic fracture behavior of a recently developed ultrastrong lightweight steel comprising a hierarchical martensitic matrix, dispersed ultra-fine-retained austenite grains and oriented δ-ferrite lamellas, the latter being due to high Al and Si contents employed for low-density design. This steel shows a superior combination of specific ultimate tensile strength and impact toughness to other ultrastrong steels and has successfully arrested a real steel-cored bullet shot. These are attributed to the densely textured δ-ferrite lamellas that can deflect the propagating cracks until they are trapped and enclosed besides austenite-to-martensite transformation crack closure, leading to more energy consumed before failure. These results suggest a new pathway for toughening ultrastrong lightweight steels.

不同遮阴处理对小花山奈生长的影响

为探究小花山奈的光照需求特性,为其在华南地区的栽培提供理论依据。在小花山奈块茎繁殖期间进行遮阴栽培试验,测量不同遮阴处理下小花山奈地下部分、地上部分的鲜重和干重,并得到月生长量、含水量和产量等数据。结果表明:在小花山奈生长初期(7~8月),不同遮阴处理对小花山奈地上、地下部分的生长无显著影响;在小花山奈生长中期(9~10月),30%的遮阴处理有利于促进小花山奈地上、地下部分的生长;在小花山奈生长后期(11月~次年1月),30%的遮阴处理有利于促进小花山奈地上部分的生长,全光照有利于促进小花山奈地下部分的生长。小花山奈的地上部分迅速增长期集中在8~11月,地下部分迅速增长期集中在10~12月;适度的遮阴(30%遮阴度)处理有利于提高小花山奈的产量,但遮阴度太高(50%遮阴度)反而会大大降低小花山奈的产量。因此,在夏季给予30%遮阴处理、秋冬季给予全光照是小花山奈在华南地区种植的最佳光照模式。

基于增益腔的腔磁力混合系统中的光放大和快慢光传播

为了在腔磁力系统中实现可控的磁子诱导透明、磁力诱导透明、光放大以及快慢光传播,建立了一个腔磁力混合系统模型.该模型由含有1个钇铁石榴石(YIG)球的增益腔组成.该模型利用强驱动来驱动YIG球,利用弱探测场探测微波腔.研究表明,通过选取最优增益和调节腔-磁耦合强度、磁-力耦合强度可以实现可控的磁子诱导透明、磁力诱导透明、光放大以及快慢光传播.该研究结果可为量子信息操纵、量子信息存储和灵敏光开关的研究提供参考.

Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment:A realistic Monte Carlo simulation study

Light has been clinically utilized as a stimulation in medical treatment,such as Low-level laser therapy and photodynamic thenapy,which has been more and more widely accepted in public.The penetration depth of the treatment light is important for precision treatment and safety control.The isue of light penetration has been highlighted in biomedical optics field for decades.However,quantitative research is sparse and even there are conflicts of view on the capability of near-infrared light penet ration into brain tissue.This study attempts to quantitatively revisit this issue by innovative high-realistic 3D Monte Caro modeling of stimulated light penetnation within high precision Visible Chinese human head.The properties of light,such as its wave-length,ilumination profle and size are concern in this study.We made stra ightforward and quantitative comparisons among the ffects by the light properties(i.e.,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nn;beam types:Gaussi an and flat beamn;bear dianeters:0,2,4 and 6 cm)which are in the range of light treatment.The findings include about 3%of light dosage within brain tisue;the combination of Gaussian beam and 810nm light make the max imum light penetration(>5cm),which allows light to cross through gray matter into white mater.This study offered us,the first time as we know,quantitative guide for light stimulation parameter optimization in medical treatment.

High Capacity Data Rate System:Review of Visible Light Communications Technology

Wireless communications have become an integral part of global convergence as global connectedness has gradually become dependent on its efficient deployment.The need for"more-broadband"techniques in relation to the ever increasing growth rate of the data hungry society now necessitates novel techniques for the high-speed data transmission.While advancements have been made in this regard,the projection of having an eventual Internet of everything (IoE) deployment will result in an unimaginable transmission data rate requirement as huge data traffic will be conveyed per time within the communications network,which will require a capacity upgrade of the existing infrastructure.Visible light communications (VLCs),as an integral part of optical wireless communications (OWCs),have been reviewed in this article,having the capacity to extend the achievable data rate requirement of the wireless communications network.The technologies,techniques,and best practices have been presented alongside technology integration for the seamless high capacity wireless broadband deployment.

Three-Dimentional Surface Light Irradiance Reconstruction in Bioluminescence Tomography

Reconstruction of 3D surface irradiance distribution using multiple views captured by charged coupled device(CCD)camera is the basis of solving the light source in bioluminescence tomography(BLT).A simple and convenient mapping technique based on the pin-hole imaging model and Lambert′s cosine law was presented to establish the relationship between gray levels and irradiance intensities.Compared with previous integrating sphere camera calibration used in BLT,the proposed method can effectively avoid heavy burden of simulation experiment to obtain the corresponding relationship of gray levels and irradiance intensities.The accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method are validated with no more than 1mm location error by different types of phantom experiments.The mapping approach is also applicable to other noncontact optical imaging system.

Assessment of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>Bertoni Genotypes via Morpho-Agronomic Traits under Two Light Conditions

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a non caloric natural sweetner is currently the available substitute to sugar. It is a genus of about 150 species of herbs and shrubs, a compositae and native to Paraguay. However, stevia is a short day plant with almost a constant day length 12 hours in Malaysia stevia generated to flower early. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different day length on Stevia rebaudiana genotypes in Malaysia. The experiment was undertaken during December 2016 to April 2017 in the Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Eight stevia genotypes namely (CHV1, Morita2, MS012, MS012 (4x), SA18, TPU, and hybrids IIUM-F1 and UiTM-H2) were evaluated for the agronomic traits under two conditions: sun light (<12 hours) and simulated light (>14 hours) using a factorial experiment. The agronomic performance of Stevia rebaudiana was significantly in long day length (>14 hours) environment comparing with short day length (<12 hours) environment. Stevia plants under sun light start to flower after seven weeks, from the other hand stevia plants under simulated light did not flower. All stevia genotypes showed a high performance under long day length (>14 hours) environments.

Light Microbeams by Tapered Glass Capillaries for Biological Irradiation

Microbeams of visible light were studied using a tapered glass capillary. Transmittance of laser light through capillaries with different inlet and outlet diameters was measured. About several % of the transmittance was obtained and larger than 80% was achieved in combining with an optical lens. It was found that the obtained transmittance considerably depended on the capillary shape, i.e., the taper angle. Density enhancement of the extracted beam was derived and showed a strong focusing ability for the tapered glass capillary. Propagation of visible light through the capillary was discussed.

A New Theory of Light

Fundamentally, in the past, photons were thought to deliver light and other electromagnetic radiation, with dual physical properties, namely, waves and particles. However, in reality the theory of photons did not answer all the questions about electromagnetic waves. A new theory of light propagation, which in this study was named the seaton theory, might in the future be able to answer the questions about light propagation and electromagnetic waves. Seaton theory more accurately redefines electromagnetic radiation delivery by a new interpretation. Moreover, a further unique contribution of this study is that the electromagnetic field produced from the coil antenna can be seen if it is oscillated in the range of light frequency.

基于角谱传播理论的衰荡腔光场传输模型及调腔评价准则研究

在光腔衰荡技术中,腔失调与腔损耗观测值之间存在复杂的非线性映射关系,导致调腔过程易陷入局部寻优,对测量准确性造成影响.本文基于角谱传播理论,建立了一种衰荡腔高斯光场传输模型,对典型调腔评价准则进行对比,并以模型仿真与实验研究相结合的方式,验证模型合理性.在仿真模型和实验系统中对特定腔镜施加二维倾斜角度扫描,获取两种典型调腔评价准则(即光强峰值和衰荡时间)的二维扫描分布.对比光强最大峰值和最长衰荡时间所对应的腔损耗观测状态.仿真结果表明光强最大峰值对应的腔损耗观测误差更小,观测重复性更高.实验结果同样表明光强最大峰值评价准则具有更好效果.模型仿真和实验研究的结果验证光强最大峰值评价准则在仿真和实验中具有更好的调腔重复性精度.同时,仿真与实验结果基本吻合,初步验证了本衰荡腔光场传输模型的合理性.本光场传输仿真模型对光腔衰荡技术在测量应用、光场响应及自动化调腔技术等方面的研究具有一定参考意义.

Pion Decay Constant and Masses of Light Quarks and In-medium Goldstone Bosons

基于轻夸克和在里面中等的 Goldstonebosons 的充分处理的限制夸克增殖者，介子腐烂常数 f_ π，本地夸克真空冷凝物，和群众被调查。介子腐烂常数 f_ π被预言并且与它试验性的测量的价值相比。一个大协议被获得。与预言的 f_ π和价值 ofGoldstone，波色子群众在免费配置由实验测量了轻夸克的当前的群众和在里面中等的 Goldstone 波色子的群众被获得。