A Recursive High Payload Reversible Data Hiding Using Integer Wavelet and Arnold Transform

Reversible data hiding is an information hiding technique that requires the retrieval of the error free cover image after the extraction of the secret image.We suggested a technique in this research that uses a recursive embedding method to increase capacity substantially using the Integer wavelet transform and the Arnold transform.The notion of Integer wavelet transforms is to ensure that all coefficients of the cover images are used during embedding with an increase in payload.By scrambling the cover image,Arnold transform adds security to the information that gets embedded and also allows embedding more information in each iteration.The hybrid combination of Integer wavelet transform and Arnold transform results to build a more efficient and secure system.The proposed method employs a set of keys to ensure that information cannot be decoded by an attacker.The experimental results show that it aids in the development of a more secure storage system and withstand few tampering attacks The suggested technique is tested on many image formats,including medical images.Various performance metrics proves that the retrieved cover image and hidden image are both intact.This System is proven to withstand rotation attack as well.

Reverse Transformation Behavior of Martensite Formed during Cooling Proce under Constant Stress in TiNi Alloys

The reverse transformation temperature and recovery strain ratio of the martensite formed during the cooling process under a constant stress in TiNi shape memory alloy wires are studied in this paper. Results show that a higher level of the applied constant stress during the cooling process will induce martensite with a higher reverse martensitic transformation start temperature As and a smaller recovery strain ratio. Similarly, a prestrain at the room temperature elevates the As temperature and decreases the recovery strain ratio. However, the As temperature and the recovery strain ratio of the martensite formed during the cooling process under a constant stress are lower than those of the martensite formed by prestrain at the room temperature.

Effects of Predeformation on the Reverse Martensitic Transformation of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy

DSC was used to study the effects of predeformation on the reverse martensitic transformation of near-equiatomic TiNi alloy. Both the start temperature As and the finish temperature Af of the reverse transformation increased with increasing degree of predeformation, but the algebraic difference between As and Af decreased with increasing predeformation until it reached a minimum value, then remained unchanged with further deformation. Transformation heat also increased with increasing predeformation until it reached a maximum value, then decreased with further predeformation. All the phenomena above were considered to be closely related with the release of elastic strain energy during predeformation.

A novel signal feature extraction technology based on empirical wavelet transform and reverse dispersion entropy

Feature extraction is an important part of signal processing,which is significant for signal detection,classification,and recognition.The nonlinear dynamic analysis method can extract the nonlinear characteristics of signals and is widely used in different fields.Reverse dispersion entropy(RDE)proposed by us recently,as a nonlinear dynamic analysis method,has the advantages of fast computing speed and strong anti-noise ability,which is more suitable for measuring the complexity of signal than traditional permutation entropy(PE)and dispersion entropy(DE).Empirical wavelet transform(EWT),based on the theory of wavelet analysis,can decompose a complex non-stationary signal into a number of empirical wavelet functions(EWFs)with compact support set spectrum,which has better decomposition performance than empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and its improved algorithms.Considering the advantages of RDE and EWT,on the one hand,we introduce EWT into the field of underwater acoustic signal processing and fault diagnosis to improve the signal decomposition accuracy;on the other hand,we use RDE as the features of EWFs to improve the signal separability and stability.Finally,we propose a novel signal feature extraction technology based on EWT and RDE in this paper.Experimental results show that the proposed feature extraction technology can effectively extract the complexity features of actual signals.Moreover,it also has higher distinguishing ability for different types of signals than five latest feature extraction technologies.

The Reverse Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Wires Prestrained at Different Temperatures

The reverse transformation behavior of TiNi alloy wires prestrained at different temperatures is studied in this paper. Experimental results show that prestrain at different temperatures obviously affects the reverse transformation behavior of the TiNi alloy wire. A single peak appears on the DSC curves of wires prestrained at 253-313K (in the martensite state). However deformed at 333K, three consecutive peaks appear on the DSC curves of wires with a smaller prestrain and a single peak appears on the DSC curves of the wires with a larger prestrain. The recovery strain ratio of the wires prestrained at 253-313K are very similar. However, the ratio of the wire predeformed at 333K is obviously smaller than that of the wire prestrained in the martensite state.

Influence of temperature rate on transitory internal friction during reverse martensitic transformation for Ti_(50)Ni_(27)Cu_(23) alloy

Internal friction （IF） spectra during reverse martensitic transformation from 35 to 135°C at different temperature rates of 0.5,0.75,and 1°C/min for Ti50Ni27Cu23 shape memory alloy （SMA） samples were measured with a dynamic mechanical analyzer,respectively.The IF spectra were characterized by IF peak increasing progressively and peak shifting toward high temperature with an increase in temperature rate.An iterative approach was used to calculate the precise intrinsic and approximate transitory IF contributions to the normal IF spectrum.The quantitatively analyzed results indicate that the transitory IF of this alloy is nonlinearly dependent on the temperature rate and obeys a power law with a power coefficient of 0.55.The predicted and experimental IF spectra at different temperature rates of 0.75 and 1°C/min agree well with each other,respectively.

Transversal reverse transformation of anomalous hollow beams in strongly isotropic nonlocal media

Based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schr6dinger equation, the propagation properties of anomalous hollow beams in strongly isotropic nonlocal media are investigated. The analytical expressions of the beam propagation, the on-axis intensity and the beam width are obt.ained. The results show that the evolution of the beam is periodical and the input power is the most important parameter. The input power determines the variation of the period. Furthermore, it is found that there exists a critical input power in the x direction and in the y direction separately when the initial beam widths in the two transversal directions are unequal. The beam width remains invariant in the corresponding transversal direction when the input power equals the critical power in one of the transversal directions. Selecting a properinput power, the beam can be broadened or compressed in the two transversal directions at the same time, In particular, the beam can be broadened （compressed） in one transversal direction, whereas in the other transversal direction, it is compressed （broadened）, i.e., the transversal reverse transformation.

A GLCM-Feature-Based Approach for Reversible Image Transformation

Recently,a reversible image transformation(RIT)technology that transforms a secret image to a freely-selected target image is proposed.It not only can generate a stego-image that looks similar to the target image,but also can recover the secret image without any loss.It also has been proved to be very useful in image content protection and reversible data hiding in encrypted images.However,the standard deviation(SD)is selected as the only feature during the matching of the secret and target image blocks in RIT methods,the matching result is not so good and needs to be further improved since the distributions of SDs of the two images may be not very similar.Therefore,this paper proposes a Gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)based approach for reversible image transformation,in which,an effective feature extraction algorithm is utilized to increase the accuracy of blocks matching for improving the visual quality of transformed image,while the auxiliary information,which is utilized to record the transformation parameters,is not increased.Thus,the visual quality of the stego-image should be improved.Experimental results also show that the root mean square of stego-image can be reduced by 4.24%compared with the previous method.

Reverse Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Prestrained in the Parent Phase

The reverse martensitic transformation of TiNi alloy wires prestrained in the parent phase was studied. Experimental results shou, that the reverse transformation of the TiNi allogys prestrained in the parent phase is significantly different from that of the TiNi alloys prestrained in the martensite phase. Three continual peaks appear on the DSC curves of wires with a small prestrain and one high temperature peak appears on the DSC curves of wires with a large prestrain.

Influence of Heating Rate on Double Reversible Transformation in CuZnAlMnNi Shape Memory Alloy

The influence of heating rate on double reversible transformation in CuZnAlMnNi shape memory alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that rapid heating inhibits X -->M transformation but is favorable to the reverse martensite transformation, giving rise to the approach of the two transformation peaks. With the decrease of heating rate, the two transformation peaks separate gradually.

Hepatitis C virus in human B lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus in vitro by in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

AIM: To study persistence and replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was used to transform the hepatitis C virus from a HCV positive patient to permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Positive and negative HCV RNA strands of the cultured cells and growth media were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) each month. Core and NS5 proteins of HCV were further tested using immunohistochemical SP method and in situ RT-PCR. RESULTS: HCV RNA positive strands were consistently detected the cultured cells for one year. The negative-strand RNA in LCL cells and the positive-strand RNA in supernatants were observed intermittently. Immunohistochemical results medicated expression of HCV NS3 and C proteins in LCL cytoplasm mostly. The positive signal of PCR product was dark blue and mainly localized to the LCL cytoplasm. The RT-PCR signal was eliminated by overnight RNase digestion but not DNase digestion. CONCLUSION: HCV may exist and remain functional in a cultured cell line for a long period.

Patterns of Clay Minerals Transformation in Clay Gouge, with Examples from Revers Fault Rocks in Devonina Niqiuhe Formation in The Dayangshu Basin

The role of authigenic clay growth in clay gouge is increasingly recognized as a key to understanding the mechanics of berittle faulting and fault zone processes,including creep and seismogenesis,and providing new insights into the ongoing debate about the frictional strength of brittle fault(Haines and van der Pluijm,2012).However,neither the conditions nor the processes which

基于改进Swin Transformer的舰船目标实例分割算法

针对反舰武器图像制导目标实例分割精度低,模型中上下文语义交互不充分,特征融合推理速度慢,数据集难易样本不均衡导致训练效果差等问题,提出了一种基于改进滑动窗口的Transformer(shifted windows Transformer,Swin Transformer)的舰船目标实例分割算法。设计了局部增强感知模块用以拓展感受野,加强语义交互能力;采用反向特征金字塔网络进行特征融合,提高算法处理速度;使用在线困难样例挖掘,改善数据集样本不均衡问题,提升网络训练效果。实验结果表明,改进后的算法相较基线算法在分割准确率上提升了1.5%,在处理速度上提高了1.3%,兼具精度和速度优势。

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870A degrees C for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850A degrees C, where grains with a diameter ae<currency> 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter > 0.5 mu m accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.

Kinetic equations characterizing double reversible transformations in heating CuZnAlMnNi shape memory alloy

The apparent activation energies and frequency factors of thedouble reversible transformations occurring in heating CuZnAlMnNIshape memory alloy (SMA) were deduced as ΔE_x→M = 62. 597 8 KJ/mol, ΔE_M → A = 153. 92 KJ/Mol, A_x→M = 5.2232 × 10~9S^-1, andA_ M → A = 2.3251 × 10~23 S^-1, respectively. The kinetic equationsof the two transformations due- Ing heating were establishedsimultaneously.

Double reversible transformations under various treatment states

The double reversible transformations at low temperature in CuZnAlMnNi shape memory alloy were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. It is found that the transformations occur not only in the as quenched sample, but also in the as trained, as aged and as thermal cycled samples, and various treatments give rise to different influences on the transformation temperatures of the two transformations. Though the temperature interval between the two transformation peaks increases after training, aging and thermal cycling, the initial temperature of the M → A transformation is just the final temperature of the X → M transformation, namely, the X → M transformation is immediately followed by the M → A transformation upon heating.

Actuation Mechanism of Two-step Reverse Transformation Behavior in TiNi Alloys Deformed at Parent Phase

The actuation mechanism of TiNi shape memory alloy wires, which were deformed at parent phase followed by a cooling process under constant strain constraint, was investigated. The experimental results show that the two-step reverse martensitic transformation behavior occurs during the heating process, and the temperature range of reverse transformation was obviously widened with the increasing of prestrain. The recovery strain vs temperature curves exhibits an actuation characteristic of linear output recovery strain in a wide temperature range.

Tetragonal Domain Switching via Reversible tm Phase Transformation

Grinding-induced tm phase transformation and the resultant texture in ceria-yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals with varied tetragonality have been studied by XRD. It is observed that the reversible tm phase transformation occurs during grinding and the intensity ratio of I(002)t/I(200)t increases with the transformability. The author proposes that the texture induced by grinding at low temperatures is due to the tetragonal variant reorientation via cyclic,reversible tm phase transformation, termed 'transformational domain switching', instead of the ferroelastic one

Expression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase during the Malignant Transformation of Cadmium-Induced Cells

The objective of the present study was to investigate human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and protein expressions during the cadmium chloride-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to detect the hTERT mRNA and protein expressions in normal 16HBE cells, cadmium chloride-transformed 16HBE cells, and tumorigenic cells from nude mice inoculated with cadmium chloride-transformed 16HBE cells. Under the inner standard of GAPDH, the hTERT mRNA expression was significantly higher at different stages of malignant transformation (cadmium chloride-transformed 16HBE cells at passages 15 and 35 and tumorigenic cells from nude mice) than in normal 16HBE cells, and increased with the development of malignancy (P < 0.01). In addition, hTERT protein expression increased with the development of malignancy. These findings demonstrate that hTERT expression is related to cadmium chlorideinduced malignant transformation. Cadmium chloride-induced malignant transformation is involved in changes in the hTERT activity, and might be an early event in cadmium chloride-induced malignant transformation.

APST-Flow: A Reversible Network-Based Artistic Painting Style Transfer Method

In recent years,deep generative models have been successfully applied to perform artistic painting style transfer(APST).The difficulties might lie in the loss of reconstructing spatial details and the inefficiency of model convergence caused by the irreversible en-decoder methodology of the existing models.Aiming to this,this paper proposes a Flow-based architecture with both the en-decoder sharing a reversible network configuration.The proposed APST-Flow can efficiently reduce model uncertainty via a compact analysis-synthesis methodology,thereby the generalization performance and the convergence stability are improved.For the generator,a Flow-based network using Wavelet additive coupling(WAC)layers is implemented to extract multi-scale content features.Also,a style checker is used to enhance the global style consistency by minimizing the error between the reconstructed and the input images.To enhance the generated salient details,a loss of adaptive stroke edge is applied in both the global and local model training.The experimental results show that the proposed method improves PSNR by 5%,SSIM by 6.2%,and decreases Style Error by 29.4%over the existing models on the ChipPhi set.The competitive results verify that APST-Flow achieves high-quality generation with less content deviation and enhanced generalization,thereby can be further applied to more APST scenes.