In this paper, a penetrating analysis is first made of the superluminal and negative group velocities that occur in the EM wave propagation. Discussed then are the superluminal and negative group velocities which are ...In this paper, a penetrating analysis is first made of the superluminal and negative group velocities that occur in the EM wave propagation. Discussed then are the superluminal and negative group velocities which are in the state of evanescent waves in the waveguide below cutoff(WBCO).Through an experiment in the coaxial photonic crystal a group velocity of 1.5-2.4 times the speed of light are observed in the stop band.展开更多
The propagation of narrow packets of electromagnetic waves(EMWs) in frequency dispersive medium with the consideration of the complex refractive index is studied. It is shown that counting in the dispersion of the c...The propagation of narrow packets of electromagnetic waves(EMWs) in frequency dispersive medium with the consideration of the complex refractive index is studied. It is shown that counting in the dispersion of the complex refractive index within the context of the conventional expression of the group velocity of narrow wave packets of EMWs propagating in a dispersive medium results in the appearance of additional constraints on the group velocity, which dictates that the physically acceptable group velocity can only be realized in the case of a negligible imaginary part of the group index. In this paper, the conditions that allow one to realize the physically acceptable group velocity are formulated and analyzed numerically for the relevant model of the refractive index of a system of two-level atoms in the optical frequency range. It is shown that in the frequency band where superluminal light propagation is expected, there is a strong dispersion of the refractive index that is accompanied with strong absorption, resulting in a strongly attenuated superluminal light.展开更多
We study the light propagation properties in a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with two independent broadband squeezed baths. Using the graphic method, the dependences of the absorption and the dispersion...We study the light propagation properties in a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with two independent broadband squeezed baths. Using the graphic method, the dependences of the absorption and the dispersion of the system on the coupling field strength, the incoherent pumping field strength and the intensity of the squeezed vacuum are analysed. The result shows that the probe pulse propagation can be changed from subluminal to superluminal speed.展开更多
In this paper, the superluminal group velocity in a coaxial photonic crystal is studied. The simulation of the effective refraction index in coaxial photonic crystal is performed. The group velocity is calculated base...In this paper, the superluminal group velocity in a coaxial photonic crystal is studied. The simulation of the effective refraction index in coaxial photonic crystal is performed. The group velocity is calculated based on the transmission line equations and compared with experimental results.展开更多
We study the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field in a four-level Er^3+:YAG crystal.We find that the Er^3+ion concentration and incoherent pumping field can influence the absorption-dis...We study the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field in a four-level Er^3+:YAG crystal.We find that the Er^3+ion concentration and incoherent pumping field can influence the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field. Moreover, our results show that Er^3+ion concentration plays a major role in lasing without inversion and absorption with inversion.展开更多
A relativistic beaming model has been successfully used to explain the observed properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this model there are two emission components, a boosted one and an unbeamed one, shown up...A relativistic beaming model has been successfully used to explain the observed properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this model there are two emission components, a boosted one and an unbeamed one, shown up in the radio band as the core and lobe components. The luminosity ratio of the core to the lobe is defined as the core-dominance parameter (R = (L<SUB>Core</SUB>/L<SUB>Lobe</SUB>)). The de-beamed radio luminosity (L<SUB>jet</SUB><SUP>db</SUP>) in the jet is assumed to be proportional to the unbeamed luminosity (L<SUB>ub</SUB>) in the co-moving frame, i.e., f = (L<SUB>jet</SUB><SUP>db</SUP>/L<SUB>ub</SUB>), and f is determined in our previous paper. We further discuss the relationship between BL Lacertae objects (BLs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), which are subclasses of blazars with different degrees of polarization, using the calculated values of the ratio f for a sample of superluminal blazars. We found 1) that the BLs show smaller averaged Doppler factors and Lorentz factors, larger viewing angles and higher core-dominance parameters than do the FSRQs, and 2) that in the polarization-core dominance parameter plot (P-log R) the BLs and FSRQs occupy a scattered region, but in a revised plot (log (P/c(m)) ? log R), they gather around two different lines, suggesting that they have some different intrinsic properties.展开更多
In this work we continue to set up the theory of universal space and time and derive the Euclidean form of the scaling transformations. Two types of velocities emerge, inertial and universal, with the former bound by ...In this work we continue to set up the theory of universal space and time and derive the Euclidean form of the scaling transformations. Two types of velocities emerge, inertial and universal, with the former bound by the light velocity c whereas the latter is unbound, and may accommodate consistently particles’ velocities possibly exceeding c. The inertial velocity is the ratio of the simultaneous source’s displacement and the corresponding length of the light trip to the observer, whereas the universal velocity has its familiar meaning for motion in a synchronous inertial frame. Defining the momentum as the product of universal velocity and mass, and utilizing the already established mass-energy equivalence, the mechanics constructed on the bases of the new concepts, named universal mechanics, admits superluminal velocities but yet coincides with the relativistic mechanics in its basic dynamical components and their inter-relations. The possibility of superluminal velocities provides a straight forward explanation of the presence of the μ-meson particles abundantly at the sea level despite their generation at high altitude and their short lifetime.展开更多
Based on parity violation in the weak interaction and evidences from neutrino oscillation, a natural choice is that neutrinos may be superluminal particles with tiny mass. To keep causality for Superluminal particles,...Based on parity violation in the weak interaction and evidences from neutrino oscillation, a natural choice is that neutrinos may be superluminal particles with tiny mass. To keep causality for Superluminal particles, a kinematic time under a non-standard form of the Lorentz transformation is introduced. A Dirac-type equation for Superluminal neutrinos is further investigated, and its solution is brief discussed. This equation can be written in two spinor equations coupled together via tiny mass while respecting maximum parity violation. As a consequence, parity violation implies that the principle of relativity is violated in the weak interaction.展开更多
An electromagnetic theory that links quantum and relativistic phenomena in a single context is built. Wave-particle duality is the experimental proof of their common origin. In this context, Quantum Mechanics and Spec...An electromagnetic theory that links quantum and relativistic phenomena in a single context is built. Wave-particle duality is the experimental proof of their common origin. In this context, Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are two compatible synergistic theories. The developed theory shows the existence of superluminal effects that suggest an explanation to the entanglement between pairs of particles and photons.展开更多
After discovery of the superluminal particle and consideration on development of contemporary physical theory research, also on the existing errors and omissions, the principle of constant light speed is found not a n...After discovery of the superluminal particle and consideration on development of contemporary physical theory research, also on the existing errors and omissions, the principle of constant light speed is found not a necessary condition in derivation of Lorentz Transformation;instead, this thesis proposes the velocity of graviton may feature superluminal, constant velocity in different directions, and independence of inertial reference frame speeds. This is an optional thought of correction. According serial hypothesis, an equation of graviton’s motion trace, i.e., the central curve of nebula density, is established for spiral galaxy. Thus we gain the method to measure velocity of graviton. If to totally avoid problem of limit speed, we have to search for independent of inertia frames, and relevant to space-time properties. Regarding current difficulties of singular points in the Theory of Limited Universe, this thesis points out that the document [1] is the best solution to these difficulties.展开更多
The method to pump the FBG w ritten into an Er 3+-doped optical fiber is proposed to increase the group velocity of a probing pulse based on the facts that pump-induced process chan ges the refractive index and disp...The method to pump the FBG w ritten into an Er 3+-doped optical fiber is proposed to increase the group velocity of a probing pulse based on the facts that pump-induced process chan ges the refractive index and dispersion associated with the 4 I_ 15/2- 4I_ 13/2 transition in Er 3+ -doped optical fiber. The system equations are derived. The effects of pump power an d doping concentration on the group velocity are discussed.展开更多
Time and space are two very important basic concepts in philosophy and nature.In special relativity we proved that there are necessarily two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone,which include...Time and space are two very important basic concepts in philosophy and nature.In special relativity we proved that there are necessarily two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone,which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation(GLT)for the spacelike interval,in which phase velocity is superluminal.Based on quantum entanglement as new fifth interaction,we research a simple superluminal entangled communication,whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices Alice(A)and Bob(B).We observe and control the information of A position,and then can know the corresponding results of the other B.This is not to send directly information each other.It may be superluminal,and should agree and test GLT.Moreover,we research some new possible developments of time and space,such as the fractal dimension extended to the complex dimension,the higher dimensional time,and the arrow of time.A generalized Noether’s theorem is proposed.In quantum theory,we search the higher dimensional complex space in supersymmetry,and the space-time operators.展开更多
We digress on the implications of recent claims of superluminal neutrino propagation. No matter how we turn it around such behaviour is very odd and sits uncomfortably even within “far-fetched” theories. In the cont...We digress on the implications of recent claims of superluminal neutrino propagation. No matter how we turn it around such behaviour is very odd and sits uncomfortably even within “far-fetched” theories. In the context of non-linear realizations of the Lorentz group (where superluminal misbehaviour is run of the mill) one has to accept rather contrived constructions to predict superluminal properties for the neutrino. The simplest explanation is to require that at least one of the mass states be tachyonic. We show that due to neutrino mixing, the flavor energy does not suffer from the usual runaway pathologies of tachyons. For non-tachyonic mass states the theories become more speculative. A neutrino specific dispersion relation is exhibited, rendering the amplitude of the effect reasonable for a standard Planck energy. This uses the fact that the beam energy is close to the geometrical average of the neutrino and Planck mass;or, seen in another way, the beam energy is unexceptional but its gamma factor is very large. A dispersion relation crossing over from a low energy bradyonic branch to a high energy tachyonic one is also considered. We comment on consistency with SN 1987Awithin these models.展开更多
The effect of the azimuthal angle φ of the wave vector k on the propagation characteristics of the superluminous L-O mode waves (together with a case of the R-X mode) during different geomagnetic activities using a...The effect of the azimuthal angle φ of the wave vector k on the propagation characteristics of the superluminous L-O mode waves (together with a case of the R-X mode) during different geomagnetic activities using a three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing method is investigated. This work is primarily an extension of our previous two-dimensional study in which the wave azimuthal angle was not considered. We present numerical simulations for this mode which is generated in the source cavity along a 70° night geomagnetic field line at the specific altitude of 1.5RE (where RE is the Earth's radius). It is found that, as in the two-dimensional case, the trajectory of L-O mode starting in the source meridian plane (or the wave azimuthal angle φ = 180°) can reach the lowest latitude; whereas it basically stays at relatively higher latitudes starting off the source meridian plane (or φ=180°). The results reveal that under appropriate conditions, the superluminous L-O mode waves may exist in the radiation belts of the Earth, but this remains to be supplemented by observational data.展开更多
Since the early work of O.M.Bilanuik and B.C.Sudarshan in 1962 and G.Feinberg in 1967, the research work on the faster-than-light (superluminal) has been performed in the world, such as in USA, Europe and China. In th...Since the early work of O.M.Bilanuik and B.C.Sudarshan in 1962 and G.Feinberg in 1967, the research work on the faster-than-light (superluminal) has been performed in the world, such as in USA, Europe and China. In this paper, the development stages of the study are presented, which include beginning stage, transitional stage and experimental stage. Based on the Einstein’s paper in 1905, the velocities greater than that of light had no possibility of existence. However, in the Einstein’s papers of 1907 it was founded that the superluminal signal speed could not be refuted absolutely. In this paper, the studies on velocities are classified. The definition of General Information Speed is suggested, which will ease the discussion. After reviewing the researches of 1962-2004, it can be concluded that the faster-than-light is a realizable scientific statement.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a penetrating analysis is first made of the superluminal and negative group velocities that occur in the EM wave propagation. Discussed then are the superluminal and negative group velocities which are in the state of evanescent waves in the waveguide below cutoff(WBCO).Through an experiment in the coaxial photonic crystal a group velocity of 1.5-2.4 times the speed of light are observed in the stop band.
文摘The propagation of narrow packets of electromagnetic waves(EMWs) in frequency dispersive medium with the consideration of the complex refractive index is studied. It is shown that counting in the dispersion of the complex refractive index within the context of the conventional expression of the group velocity of narrow wave packets of EMWs propagating in a dispersive medium results in the appearance of additional constraints on the group velocity, which dictates that the physically acceptable group velocity can only be realized in the case of a negligible imaginary part of the group index. In this paper, the conditions that allow one to realize the physically acceptable group velocity are formulated and analyzed numerically for the relevant model of the refractive index of a system of two-level atoms in the optical frequency range. It is shown that in the frequency band where superluminal light propagation is expected, there is a strong dispersion of the refractive index that is accompanied with strong absorption, resulting in a strongly attenuated superluminal light.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10874138)
文摘We study the light propagation properties in a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with two independent broadband squeezed baths. Using the graphic method, the dependences of the absorption and the dispersion of the system on the coupling field strength, the incoherent pumping field strength and the intensity of the squeezed vacuum are analysed. The result shows that the probe pulse propagation can be changed from subluminal to superluminal speed.
文摘In this paper, the superluminal group velocity in a coaxial photonic crystal is studied. The simulation of the effective refraction index in coaxial photonic crystal is performed. The group velocity is calculated based on the transmission line equations and compared with experimental results.
文摘We study the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field in a four-level Er^3+:YAG crystal.We find that the Er^3+ion concentration and incoherent pumping field can influence the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field. Moreover, our results show that Er^3+ion concentration plays a major role in lasing without inversion and absorption with inversion.
基金This work is partially supported by the National 973 projectthe National Science Fundfor Distinguished Young Scholars.
文摘A relativistic beaming model has been successfully used to explain the observed properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this model there are two emission components, a boosted one and an unbeamed one, shown up in the radio band as the core and lobe components. The luminosity ratio of the core to the lobe is defined as the core-dominance parameter (R = (L<SUB>Core</SUB>/L<SUB>Lobe</SUB>)). The de-beamed radio luminosity (L<SUB>jet</SUB><SUP>db</SUP>) in the jet is assumed to be proportional to the unbeamed luminosity (L<SUB>ub</SUB>) in the co-moving frame, i.e., f = (L<SUB>jet</SUB><SUP>db</SUP>/L<SUB>ub</SUB>), and f is determined in our previous paper. We further discuss the relationship between BL Lacertae objects (BLs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), which are subclasses of blazars with different degrees of polarization, using the calculated values of the ratio f for a sample of superluminal blazars. We found 1) that the BLs show smaller averaged Doppler factors and Lorentz factors, larger viewing angles and higher core-dominance parameters than do the FSRQs, and 2) that in the polarization-core dominance parameter plot (P-log R) the BLs and FSRQs occupy a scattered region, but in a revised plot (log (P/c(m)) ? log R), they gather around two different lines, suggesting that they have some different intrinsic properties.
文摘In this work we continue to set up the theory of universal space and time and derive the Euclidean form of the scaling transformations. Two types of velocities emerge, inertial and universal, with the former bound by the light velocity c whereas the latter is unbound, and may accommodate consistently particles’ velocities possibly exceeding c. The inertial velocity is the ratio of the simultaneous source’s displacement and the corresponding length of the light trip to the observer, whereas the universal velocity has its familiar meaning for motion in a synchronous inertial frame. Defining the momentum as the product of universal velocity and mass, and utilizing the already established mass-energy equivalence, the mechanics constructed on the bases of the new concepts, named universal mechanics, admits superluminal velocities but yet coincides with the relativistic mechanics in its basic dynamical components and their inter-relations. The possibility of superluminal velocities provides a straight forward explanation of the presence of the μ-meson particles abundantly at the sea level despite their generation at high altitude and their short lifetime.
文摘Based on parity violation in the weak interaction and evidences from neutrino oscillation, a natural choice is that neutrinos may be superluminal particles with tiny mass. To keep causality for Superluminal particles, a kinematic time under a non-standard form of the Lorentz transformation is introduced. A Dirac-type equation for Superluminal neutrinos is further investigated, and its solution is brief discussed. This equation can be written in two spinor equations coupled together via tiny mass while respecting maximum parity violation. As a consequence, parity violation implies that the principle of relativity is violated in the weak interaction.
文摘An electromagnetic theory that links quantum and relativistic phenomena in a single context is built. Wave-particle duality is the experimental proof of their common origin. In this context, Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are two compatible synergistic theories. The developed theory shows the existence of superluminal effects that suggest an explanation to the entanglement between pairs of particles and photons.
文摘After discovery of the superluminal particle and consideration on development of contemporary physical theory research, also on the existing errors and omissions, the principle of constant light speed is found not a necessary condition in derivation of Lorentz Transformation;instead, this thesis proposes the velocity of graviton may feature superluminal, constant velocity in different directions, and independence of inertial reference frame speeds. This is an optional thought of correction. According serial hypothesis, an equation of graviton’s motion trace, i.e., the central curve of nebula density, is established for spiral galaxy. Thus we gain the method to measure velocity of graviton. If to totally avoid problem of limit speed, we have to search for independent of inertia frames, and relevant to space-time properties. Regarding current difficulties of singular points in the Theory of Limited Universe, this thesis points out that the document [1] is the best solution to these difficulties.
基金National High Technology Research and Development Programof China(863 -307 -08 -07)
文摘The method to pump the FBG w ritten into an Er 3+-doped optical fiber is proposed to increase the group velocity of a probing pulse based on the facts that pump-induced process chan ges the refractive index and dispersion associated with the 4 I_ 15/2- 4I_ 13/2 transition in Er 3+ -doped optical fiber. The system equations are derived. The effects of pump power an d doping concentration on the group velocity are discussed.
文摘Time and space are two very important basic concepts in philosophy and nature.In special relativity we proved that there are necessarily two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone,which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation(GLT)for the spacelike interval,in which phase velocity is superluminal.Based on quantum entanglement as new fifth interaction,we research a simple superluminal entangled communication,whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices Alice(A)and Bob(B).We observe and control the information of A position,and then can know the corresponding results of the other B.This is not to send directly information each other.It may be superluminal,and should agree and test GLT.Moreover,we research some new possible developments of time and space,such as the fractal dimension extended to the complex dimension,the higher dimensional time,and the arrow of time.A generalized Noether’s theorem is proposed.In quantum theory,we search the higher dimensional complex space in supersymmetry,and the space-time operators.
文摘We digress on the implications of recent claims of superluminal neutrino propagation. No matter how we turn it around such behaviour is very odd and sits uncomfortably even within “far-fetched” theories. In the context of non-linear realizations of the Lorentz group (where superluminal misbehaviour is run of the mill) one has to accept rather contrived constructions to predict superluminal properties for the neutrino. The simplest explanation is to require that at least one of the mass states be tachyonic. We show that due to neutrino mixing, the flavor energy does not suffer from the usual runaway pathologies of tachyons. For non-tachyonic mass states the theories become more speculative. A neutrino specific dispersion relation is exhibited, rendering the amplitude of the effect reasonable for a standard Planck energy. This uses the fact that the beam energy is close to the geometrical average of the neutrino and Planck mass;or, seen in another way, the beam energy is unexceptional but its gamma factor is very large. A dispersion relation crossing over from a low energy bradyonic branch to a high energy tachyonic one is also considered. We comment on consistency with SN 1987Awithin these models.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40774078,40774077)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX3-SW-144)
文摘The effect of the azimuthal angle φ of the wave vector k on the propagation characteristics of the superluminous L-O mode waves (together with a case of the R-X mode) during different geomagnetic activities using a three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing method is investigated. This work is primarily an extension of our previous two-dimensional study in which the wave azimuthal angle was not considered. We present numerical simulations for this mode which is generated in the source cavity along a 70° night geomagnetic field line at the specific altitude of 1.5RE (where RE is the Earth's radius). It is found that, as in the two-dimensional case, the trajectory of L-O mode starting in the source meridian plane (or the wave azimuthal angle φ = 180°) can reach the lowest latitude; whereas it basically stays at relatively higher latitudes starting off the source meridian plane (or φ=180°). The results reveal that under appropriate conditions, the superluminous L-O mode waves may exist in the radiation belts of the Earth, but this remains to be supplemented by observational data.
文摘Since the early work of O.M.Bilanuik and B.C.Sudarshan in 1962 and G.Feinberg in 1967, the research work on the faster-than-light (superluminal) has been performed in the world, such as in USA, Europe and China. In this paper, the development stages of the study are presented, which include beginning stage, transitional stage and experimental stage. Based on the Einstein’s paper in 1905, the velocities greater than that of light had no possibility of existence. However, in the Einstein’s papers of 1907 it was founded that the superluminal signal speed could not be refuted absolutely. In this paper, the studies on velocities are classified. The definition of General Information Speed is suggested, which will ease the discussion. After reviewing the researches of 1962-2004, it can be concluded that the faster-than-light is a realizable scientific statement.