Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of ...Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of metabolic syndrome among various populations. To understand precisely how various anthropometric indices of obesity influence metabolic parameters, we studied the correlations of BMI, WC (Japanese criteria), WC (IDF criteria), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and the VFA/SFA ratio with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influences of BMI and WC on diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were larger than VFA, whereas the influences of visceral fat area on triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were larger than BMI and WC. WC (IDF) was the strongest determinant of adiponectin among anthropometric indices. Present study showed significant different associations of BMI, Japan- and IDF-defined WC, VFA, SFA and the VFA/SFA ratio with blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipocytokines in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomit...Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomitant reduction and replacement of animal fat (30% of fat reduction with 2% of olive oil as an animal fat replacer). Quality attributes such as texture, water binding and color were monitored. Texture and water binding of fat reduced and fat replaced samples were quite similar to the control while color was strongly affected by the fat reduction and replacement. Fat reduction led to a redder cooked sausage and the addition of olive oil to a more yellow product. Chemical analysis revealed no major changes among samples apart from protein and fat content and fatty acid profile. Noteworthy, cooked sausage with more than 6.5% of olive oil achieved the World Health Organization’s recommendation on the nutritional fat index ((polyunsaturated + monounsaturated)/saturated fatty acid ≥ 2) which is very relevant to the development of healthier formulations. Cooked sausages with 45% of fat reduction and 30% fat reduced with 2% of olive oil were considered as the best by the panelists, which in addition had a balanced nutritional content by a lower caloric content. We concluded that fat reduction (up to 45%) and replacement (up to 10%) are possible with acceptable sensory quality and improved nutritional composition. When replacing animal fats by plant oils, the color of the product, which has a strong influence on the sensory acceptability of Bologna type cooked sausages, is affected. Therefore it must be controlled for a proper product development of meat products containing vegetable oils.展开更多
Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection fr...Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.展开更多
Background： A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat （PF） compared with those of soybean oil （SBO） on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein （FATP） mRNA expression, and fatty...Background： A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat （PF） compared with those of soybean oil （SBO） on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein （FATP） mRNA expression, and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old male commercial broilers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups （6 replicates of 12 chicks for each treatment） and fed isocaloric diets containing 3.0% PF or 2.7% SBO at 0 to 3 wk and 3.8% PF or 3.5% SBO at 4 to 6 wk, respectively. Results： PF had no influence on intestinal morphology, weight, or DNA, RNA, or protein concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age. However, compared with SBO, PF significantly decreased FATP mRNA abundance at 4 wk （P= 0.009） and 6 wk of age （P〈 0.001）; decreased liver fatty acid-binding protein （L-FABP） mRNA abundance at 6 wk of age （P = 0.039）; and decreased C18：2 （P = 0.015）, C18：3 （P 〈 0.001）, C20：2 （P = 0.018）, ∑-polyunsaturated fatty acids （∑-PUFA） （P= 0.020）, and the proportion of PUFA （P 〈 0.001） in the intestinal mucosa and decreased C18：2 （P = 0.010）, C 18：3 （P 〈 0.001 ）, C20：2 （P 〈 0.001 ）, Z-P U FA （P = 0.005）, and the proportion of P U FA （P 〈 0.001 ） in breast muscle at 6 wk of age.展开更多
目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人血清甲状腺激素水平与腹部内脏脂肪面积(VFA)的相关性。方法:收集328例T2DM病人,通过测量血清总甲状腺激素、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离甲状腺素、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素和生化指数(空...目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人血清甲状腺激素水平与腹部内脏脂肪面积(VFA)的相关性。方法:收集328例T2DM病人,通过测量血清总甲状腺激素、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离甲状腺素、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素和生化指数(空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇),并对VFA和皮下脂肪面积进行生物电阻方法测定。结果:Spearman相关分析表明,TT3、FT3与VFA呈明显正相关关系(r=0.184、0.173,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析表明,TT3与VFA具有独立的相关关系(P<0.05),TT3每增加1 nmol/L,VFA增加13 cm 2。结论:T2DM病人的TT3与VFA相关,可能是机体对过量的内脏脂肪组织的自我保护机制,是机体保持代谢平衡的适应机制。展开更多
文摘Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of metabolic syndrome among various populations. To understand precisely how various anthropometric indices of obesity influence metabolic parameters, we studied the correlations of BMI, WC (Japanese criteria), WC (IDF criteria), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and the VFA/SFA ratio with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influences of BMI and WC on diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were larger than VFA, whereas the influences of visceral fat area on triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were larger than BMI and WC. WC (IDF) was the strongest determinant of adiponectin among anthropometric indices. Present study showed significant different associations of BMI, Japan- and IDF-defined WC, VFA, SFA and the VFA/SFA ratio with blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipocytokines in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
文摘Eight different types of Bologna type cooked sausages apart from the control were produced in order to reduce the fat content (15%, 30%, 45%), replace the animal fat by olive oil (3%, 6.5% and 10%) as well as concomitant reduction and replacement of animal fat (30% of fat reduction with 2% of olive oil as an animal fat replacer). Quality attributes such as texture, water binding and color were monitored. Texture and water binding of fat reduced and fat replaced samples were quite similar to the control while color was strongly affected by the fat reduction and replacement. Fat reduction led to a redder cooked sausage and the addition of olive oil to a more yellow product. Chemical analysis revealed no major changes among samples apart from protein and fat content and fatty acid profile. Noteworthy, cooked sausage with more than 6.5% of olive oil achieved the World Health Organization’s recommendation on the nutritional fat index ((polyunsaturated + monounsaturated)/saturated fatty acid ≥ 2) which is very relevant to the development of healthier formulations. Cooked sausages with 45% of fat reduction and 30% fat reduced with 2% of olive oil were considered as the best by the panelists, which in addition had a balanced nutritional content by a lower caloric content. We concluded that fat reduction (up to 45%) and replacement (up to 10%) are possible with acceptable sensory quality and improved nutritional composition. When replacing animal fats by plant oils, the color of the product, which has a strong influence on the sensory acceptability of Bologna type cooked sausages, is affected. Therefore it must be controlled for a proper product development of meat products containing vegetable oils.
文摘Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.
基金supported by funds from the Yangtze River Scholar and Innovation Research Team Development Program,Project No.IRT0945
文摘Background： A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat （PF） compared with those of soybean oil （SBO） on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein （FATP） mRNA expression, and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old male commercial broilers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups （6 replicates of 12 chicks for each treatment） and fed isocaloric diets containing 3.0% PF or 2.7% SBO at 0 to 3 wk and 3.8% PF or 3.5% SBO at 4 to 6 wk, respectively. Results： PF had no influence on intestinal morphology, weight, or DNA, RNA, or protein concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age. However, compared with SBO, PF significantly decreased FATP mRNA abundance at 4 wk （P= 0.009） and 6 wk of age （P〈 0.001）; decreased liver fatty acid-binding protein （L-FABP） mRNA abundance at 6 wk of age （P = 0.039）; and decreased C18：2 （P = 0.015）, C18：3 （P 〈 0.001）, C20：2 （P = 0.018）, ∑-polyunsaturated fatty acids （∑-PUFA） （P= 0.020）, and the proportion of PUFA （P 〈 0.001） in the intestinal mucosa and decreased C18：2 （P = 0.010）, C 18：3 （P 〈 0.001 ）, C20：2 （P 〈 0.001 ）, Z-P U FA （P = 0.005）, and the proportion of P U FA （P 〈 0.001 ） in breast muscle at 6 wk of age.
文摘目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人血清甲状腺激素水平与腹部内脏脂肪面积(VFA)的相关性。方法:收集328例T2DM病人,通过测量血清总甲状腺激素、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离甲状腺素、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素和生化指数(空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇),并对VFA和皮下脂肪面积进行生物电阻方法测定。结果:Spearman相关分析表明,TT3、FT3与VFA呈明显正相关关系(r=0.184、0.173,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析表明,TT3与VFA具有独立的相关关系(P<0.05),TT3每增加1 nmol/L,VFA增加13 cm 2。结论:T2DM病人的TT3与VFA相关,可能是机体对过量的内脏脂肪组织的自我保护机制,是机体保持代谢平衡的适应机制。
