There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during ...There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with con- specifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males ex- perienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dranlatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch： for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. De- spite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be ex- plained by differences in body size or egg mass. Moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males re- produced for a second time. Males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 45-52, 2012].展开更多
The development of a childs personality is profoundly influenced by the environmental stimuli after their formation.Within this context,lullabies and childhood stories assume significant roles in this formative proces...The development of a childs personality is profoundly influenced by the environmental stimuli after their formation.Within this context,lullabies and childhood stories assume significant roles in this formative process.The familial environment serves as the primary locus from which individuals acquire their beliefs and personalities.This research investigates the portrayal of family dynamics within the narrative framework of the Persian story Smiling Flower(Gol-e Khandn).In the majority of narratives of this story,featuring the Laughing Flower,a magical agency is bestowed upon an infant girl,thereby shaping her future.The analysis of this narratives themes prioritizes the familial element,particularly the central figures of parents,who play pivotal roles in the cultivation of the childs personality.Examination of parental representation within this narrative elucidates the prominence of the maternal figure,albeit acknowledging the undeniable influence exerted by the fathers demeanor and character on the childs trajectory.展开更多
My name is Jim.Look at the photo of my family.These are my grandparents.The old man in brown is my grandfather.He is 78 years old.The old woman in blue is my grandmother.She is 77 years old.This tall man and that woma...My name is Jim.Look at the photo of my family.These are my grandparents.The old man in brown is my grandfather.He is 78 years old.The old woman in blue is my grandmother.She is 77 years old.This tall man and that woman with short curly hair are my parents.The woman in red is my aunt,my father's sister.展开更多
本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有...本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有同一性,前者的翻译不适用于后者。展开更多
In the movie You’ve Got Mail with Tom Hanks, his father’s girlfriend said to him: "I’m going to be your wicked step-mother." I was amused at her words and couldn’t help wondering how comes a step-mother ...In the movie You’ve Got Mail with Tom Hanks, his father’s girlfriend said to him: "I’m going to be your wicked step-mother." I was amused at her words and couldn’t help wondering how comes a step-mother is always considered as "wicked’? After I read the classic Cinderella story, I realize it is the ancient story that gives us a full and展开更多
Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did...Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two neighbours (邻居)on their way.The neighbours said, "Hello,why are展开更多
The teacher was giving her class a lecture on m ottoes,and remarked that she wished the class to memorize the motto,＂It is better to give than to receive.＂A small boy cried out,＂Yes,Miss,my father say she has alway...The teacher was giving her class a lecture on m ottoes,and remarked that she wished the class to memorize the motto,＂It is better to give than to receive.＂A small boy cried out,＂Yes,Miss,my father say she has always used that as his motto in business.＂＂Oh,how noble of him!What is his business？＂展开更多
文摘There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with con- specifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males ex- perienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dranlatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch： for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. De- spite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be ex- plained by differences in body size or egg mass. Moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males re- produced for a second time. Males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 45-52, 2012].
文摘The development of a childs personality is profoundly influenced by the environmental stimuli after their formation.Within this context,lullabies and childhood stories assume significant roles in this formative process.The familial environment serves as the primary locus from which individuals acquire their beliefs and personalities.This research investigates the portrayal of family dynamics within the narrative framework of the Persian story Smiling Flower(Gol-e Khandn).In the majority of narratives of this story,featuring the Laughing Flower,a magical agency is bestowed upon an infant girl,thereby shaping her future.The analysis of this narratives themes prioritizes the familial element,particularly the central figures of parents,who play pivotal roles in the cultivation of the childs personality.Examination of parental representation within this narrative elucidates the prominence of the maternal figure,albeit acknowledging the undeniable influence exerted by the fathers demeanor and character on the childs trajectory.
文摘My name is Jim.Look at the photo of my family.These are my grandparents.The old man in brown is my grandfather.He is 78 years old.The old woman in blue is my grandmother.She is 77 years old.This tall man and that woman with short curly hair are my parents.The woman in red is my aunt,my father's sister.
文摘本文重点探讨《中国翻译》1994、1995年讨论中尚未解决的问题:"It is a good horse that never stumbles"句和"It is a wise father that knows his own child"句的同一性问题,我们从语义推导的角度证明二者不具有同一性,前者的翻译不适用于后者。
文摘In the movie You’ve Got Mail with Tom Hanks, his father’s girlfriend said to him: "I’m going to be your wicked step-mother." I was amused at her words and couldn’t help wondering how comes a step-mother is always considered as "wicked’? After I read the classic Cinderella story, I realize it is the ancient story that gives us a full and
文摘Once there lived a very old peasant in a village. His name was Jack.He had a horse.It was almost as old as him. One day he set off with his young son to sell the horse before it died.They walked because the father did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two neighbours (邻居)on their way.The neighbours said, "Hello,why are
文摘The teacher was giving her class a lecture on m ottoes,and remarked that she wished the class to memorize the motto,＂It is better to give than to receive.＂A small boy cried out,＂Yes,Miss,my father say she has always used that as his motto in business.＂＂Oh,how noble of him!What is his business？＂
