An improved fatigue life prediction model based on loading sequence

Purpose–In view of the difficulty in determining the key parameters d in the Corten-Dolan model,based on the introduction of small loads,damage degrees and stress states to the Corten-Dolan model and the existing improved model,the sequential effects of the adjacent two-stage load were further considered.Design/methodology/approach–Two improved Corten-Dolan models were established on the basis of modifying the parameter d by two different methods,namely,increasing stress ratio coefficient as well as considering the effects of loading sequence and damage degree as independent influencing factors respectively.According to the test data of the welded joints of common materials(standard 45 steel),alloy materials(standard 16Mn steel)and Q235B steel,the validity and feasibility of the above two improved models for fatigue life prediction were verified.Findings–Results show that,compared with the traditional Miner model and the existing Corten-Dolan improved model,the two improved models have higher prediction accuracy in the fatigue life prediction of welding materials whether under two-stage load or multi-stage load.Originality/value–Because the mathematical expressions of the models are relatively simple and need no multi-layer iterative calculation,it is convenient to predict the fatigue life of welded structure in practical engineering.

Modification of Wirsching’s Model for Fatigue Reliability Analysis

First, Wirsching's model, which is widely employed in fatigue reliability anlysis of marine and offshore structures, is analysed systematically. It is found that the very important random variable A in Wirsching's model can not be directly determined from fatigue experiment because of the irreversibility of fatigue test, and in fact, what Wirsching studied from testing results is not A but a of the statistical Miner's rule. Second, by use of the statistical Miner's rule, a modified Wirsching's model is proposed. Thirdly and more importantly, based on the two-dimensional probabilistic Miner's rule, a new model is established for fatigue reliability analysis of structural components subjected to specified cyclic loading of variable amplitude or stochastic time history. In the end, an example is presented, from which it will be seen that this new model is very convenient to use and feasible to engineering practice.

A Probabilistic Model for Fatigue Crack Propagation Analysis

A simple probabilistic model for predicting crack growth behavior under random loading is presented. In the model, the parameters c and m in the Paris-Erdogan Equation are taken as random variables, and their stochastic characteristic values are obtained through fatigue crack propagation tests on an offshore structural steel under constant amplitude loading. Furthermore, by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique, the fatigue crack propagation life to reach a given crack length is predicted. The tests are conducted to verify the applicability of the theoretical prediction of the fatigue crack propagation.

Effect of Loading Frequency on the High Cycle Fatigue Strength of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

Among natural fibers,flax fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites show excellent dynamic/fatigue properties due to its excellent damping properties.Knowledge about fatigue limit and effect of loading frequency on fatigue limit is very crucial to know before being used a member as a structural component.Fatigue limit of fiber reinforced composite is measured through high cycle fatigue strength(HCFS).The effect of loading frequency on the HCFS of flax fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites was investigated using stabilized specimen surface temperature based thermographic and dissipated energy per cycle-based approaches.Specimens of unidirectional flax fiber reinforced thermoset composites were tested under cyclic loading at different percentages of applied stresses for the loading frequencies of 5,7,10,and 15 Hz in order to determine the stabilized surface temperature of the specimen and dissipated energy per fatigue cycle.Both approaches predicted similar fatigue limits(HCFS)which showed a good agreement with experimental results from Literature.HCFS of flax fiber reinforced composites decrease little with increasing loading frequency.Furthermore,effect of loading frequency on stabilized specimen temperature and dissipated energy per fatigue cycle was also investigated.Although specimen surface temperature increases with loading frequency,dissipated energy per-cycle does not change with loading frequency.Thermal degradation at higher loading frequencies may play a significant role in decreasing HCFS with increasing loading frequency.

The Effects of Fatigue Cracks on Fastener Loads during Cyclic Loading and on the Stresses Used for Crack Growth Analysis in Classical Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Approaches

High strength threaded fasteners are widely used in the aircraft industry, and service experience shows that for structures where shear loading of the joints is significant, like skin splices, fuselage joints or spar caps-web attachments, more cracks are initiated and grow from the edges of the fastener holes than from features like fillets radii and corners or from large access holes. The main causes of this cracking are the stress concentrations introduced by the fastener holes and by the threaded fasteners themselves, with the most common damage site being at the edge of the fastener holes. Intuitively, it is easy to visualize that after the crack initiation, during the growth stages, some of the load transferred initially by the fastener at the cracked hole will decrease, and it will be shed to the adjacent fasteners that will carry higher loads than in uncracked condition. Using currently available computer software, the method presented in this paper provides a relatively quick and quantitatively defined solution to account for the effects of crack length on the fastener loads transfer, and on the far field and bypass loads at each fastener adjacent to the crack. At each location, these variations are determined from the 3-dimensional distribution of stresses in the joint, and accounting for secondary bending effects and fastener tilt. Two cases of a typical skins lap splice with eight fasteners in a two rows configuration loaded in tension are presented and discussed, one representative for wing or fuselage skins configurations, and the second case representative for cost effective laboratory testing. Each case presents five cracking scenarios, with the cracks growing from approx. 0.03 inch to either the free edge, next hole or both simultaneously.

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR AN AERO ENGINE TURBINE DISK UNDER LOW CYCLE FATIGUE CONDITION

Reliability analysis methods based on the linear damage accumulation law (LDAL) and load-life interference model are studied in this paper. According to the equal probability rule, the equivalent loads are derived, and the reliability analysis method based on load-life interference model and recurrence formula is constructed. In conjunction with finite element analysis (FEA) program, the reliability of an aero engine turbine disk under low cycle fatigue (LCF) condition has been analyzed. The results show the turbine disk is safety and the above reliability analysis methods are feasible.

基于实测载荷的挖掘机动臂精细化焊缝疲劳寿命分析

针对挖掘机动臂疲劳失效多发于焊缝连接处的问题,建立精细化的焊缝疲劳寿命预测模型,基于实测载荷对挖掘机动臂疲劳寿命进行分析。以某特定型号的液压挖掘机动臂为分析对象,基于载荷反演技术获得挖掘机动臂在石方和土方环境作业下的铰点载荷,对动臂焊缝部位进行精细化有限元建模,结合焊缝材料的S-N曲线以及线性MineR损伤理论,分别预测动臂焊缝部位在石方和土方环境下的疲劳寿命。分析表明,焊缝部位在石方和土方环境下最低疲劳寿命分别为5.815×10^(5)和1.160×10^(6)次,此分析方法可为同类型机械焊缝结构疲劳寿命分析提供参考。

基于不同标准的煤炭漏斗车车体焊缝疲劳寿命研究

利用接触非线性分析技术,基于AAR标准的名义应力法和ASME标准的结构应力法研究煤炭漏斗车车体焊缝的疲劳问题。首先,建立漏斗车重载车体强度分析模型,利用修正D-P本构模型的实体单元模拟散粒煤、接触单元模拟散粒煤与车体结构的作用,并通过主要载荷作用下车体静强度试验结果验证车体仿真分析结果,应力最大误差小于15%。其次,运用名义应力法,在标准和实测载荷谱下分析车体焊缝疲劳寿命,结果表明:端墙与端漏斗板焊缝寿命最短,为2.72×10^(6)km;基于标准纵向载荷谱的焊缝寿命小于基于实测的计算结果,表明标准的纵向载荷谱相对恶劣。最后,在标准中100t漏斗车重车心盘载荷谱和实测纵向载荷谱下运用结构应力法对车体焊缝进行应力与寿命分析。结果表明:基于结构应力法的焊缝疲劳寿命不及基于名义应力法的疲劳寿命,主要原因是结构应力法的疲劳性能参数适用于各类接头形式,且分析承载复杂焊缝时考虑了面内剪切结构应力的影响。因此,对接头几何形状和应力状态复杂的车体从板座及底架区域的焊缝建议采用结构应力法对其进行疲劳寿命分析。

非对称循环载荷下铝基复合材料的疲劳寿命预测

铝基复合材料由不同力学性能和疲劳行为的多种材料组成。在非对称循环载荷下,各组分间的相互作用和影响使其疲劳寿命预测变得复杂。为解决这一问题,研究一种非对称循环载荷下铝基复合材料疲劳寿命预测方法。用Na_(3)Al F_(6)和Ti O_(2)粉末强化铝合金基体,制备出复合材料样品。设计非对称循环载荷加载条件。用Walker裂纹扩展式结合Chaboche模型进行铝基复合材料疲劳寿命预测,Chaboche模型能较好地描述材料在循环加载下的非线性行为;通过引入应力比参数,Walker公式可更准确地预测裂纹在不同应力水平下的扩展行为。将两者结合能更全面地考虑材料在疲劳过程中的各种因素,从而提高疲劳寿命预测的准确性。结果表明:随着应力幅值的增加,试件裂缝长度随之上升,同时随着循环圈数的增加,试件应力随之上升,这使得铝基复合材料疲劳寿命下降,且该方法的预测结果与实测值更接近,说明预测结果可靠。

FGH96高温变幅疲劳载荷试验及损伤累积模型研究

针对涡轮盘用镍基高温合金FGH96,开展两级疲劳载荷试验以及谱载荷试验。试验载荷设计参考了涡轮盘关键点载荷及实测飞行任务谱特征。采用常见损伤累积模型对试验结果进行分析。结果显示,FGH96在低-高载荷次序下循环分数和大于1,在高-低载荷次序下循环分数和小于1,符合常见非线性疲劳损伤累积模型的预期;对于谱载荷的疲劳寿命,由Chaboche非线性疲劳损伤模型与时间分数模型组成的损伤累积模型的预测则偏保守,且具有较高的预测精度,预测结果均在2倍偏差带内。

疲劳荷载作用下钢-混组合梁界面滑移对其性能影响研究

为分析界面滑移对钢-混组合梁疲劳性能的影响,在考虑界面滑移影响的栓钉疲劳刚度退化模型基础上,提出考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析方法,以某工字钢-混组合连续梁为背景开展缩尺模型试验,建立考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析模型梁,对比分析疲劳加载过程中试验梁与模型梁的疲劳性能,并进行界面滑移系数影响因素的参数分析。结果表明:疲劳荷载作用下,钢-混组合梁中钢梁下翼缘发生开裂,并最终导致组合梁失效,加载过程中钢-混组合梁跨中挠度及界面残余滑移均呈现明显的三阶段特征;模型梁跨中挠度及界面残余滑移随加载次数的变化趋势分析结果与试验梁吻合良好,验证了考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析方法的可行性;疲劳荷载作用下钢-混组合梁界面滑移将引起钢梁中应力增加,从而降低组合梁疲劳寿命,建议在疲劳寿命预测中引入界面滑移疲劳折减系数,建议其取值为1.2。

Ⅰ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹疲劳扩展门槛值

以垂直于裂纹扩展径向平面上的主应力σ1 及极径r的组合量 2πr·σ1 为主应力强度因子 σ1 ,提出主应力强度因子下的复合型裂纹初始扩展准则及扩展的静态断裂模型 ,在此基础上推导复合型裂纹的门槛值方程和裂纹面扭转角公式及裂纹扩展速率公式 ,定义复合型裂纹的理论门槛值 ,进行Ⅰ Ⅲ复合型裂纹扩展试验。试验表明 。

运动负荷与运动表现:适应-疲劳模型的研究进展及其应用

适应-疲劳模型(the fitness-fatigue model,FF模型)是模拟训练负荷和运动表现关系的经典数学模型工具之一.通过史料分析和实例应用,梳理了模型的起源与发展、计算方法、参数表达、应用及生理效应等.研究认为,目前主要有Busso修正模型和Fitz-Clarke的影响曲线模型两种主流的FF模型.Busso修正模型能够根据运动负荷来描述和预测运动员的运动表现,验证不同负荷干预方案对运动员实际运动表现的影响效果.而Fitz-Clarke的影响曲线基于k_(1)、k_(2)、τ_(1)、τ_(2)这4个模型参数很好地解决了给定比赛日前何时强化训练和何时停训或减训的问题.然而,使用运动表现的初始测试数据代替模型初始值p^(*)以及模型参数的可变性可能会对预测精度产生不利影响.通过预加载和增加τ_(3)参数的形式对模型进行修正,可能会更好地实现模型拟合.

考虑循环作用特征的公路桥梁荷载谱疲劳分析方法

为了兼顾疲劳荷载谱的分析精度和实用性,该文提出了适用于单车加载和车流加载的荷载模型损伤效应比例系数和循环作用特征长度指标,通过研究典型疲劳车辆疲劳损伤效应一般规律,构建从单车作用到车流随机作用的疲劳荷载谱损伤分析方法。结果表明:单辆疲劳车引起的疲劳损伤可以在集中荷载效应基础上进行比例换算,由影响线绝对面积换算的循环作用特征长度指标对单车疲劳分析有较好的适用性。随机车流引起的疲劳损伤受到桥梁跨径和车流密度的共同影响,在短跨径桥梁中,损伤效应对车流密度不敏感,车流密度的增加甚至会造成一部分结构内力幅的减小;当跨径超过一定临界值时,车流密度的影响显著加剧;由影响线积分面积换算的循环作用特征长度指标更适用于车流疲劳损伤效应分析。荷载谱等效应力幅应结合交通流状态谱进行分析,多车道损伤效应系数指标的构建应考虑车辆相遇概率、循环作用特征长度指标的影响。

基于元模型和自适应算法的卷状货物运输托盘多目标优化

铁路卷状货物运输托盘设计、改进等工作往往依靠工程经验,通过仿真分析、实物检测的组合方式。然而,这种设计方法过于依赖个人经验,设计效率低,试验资源浪费严重,难以达到预期效果。为将传统设计思路转化为数学优化问题,引入元模型和自适应多目标优化算法对运输托盘进行设计、改进。建立托盘三维模型,制定装载加固方案,进行静载、冲撞工况仿真分析;对托盘进行强度试验(静载、冲击试验),检验仿真分析可靠性;采用SolidWorks和Ansys协同仿真技术,搭建参数驱动化CAE仿真环境;提出基于最大最小距离准则和ESP诱导协同优化的最优拉丁超立方取样方法,创建高维参数空间矩阵;以各工况许用应力、变形阈值为约束,建立多目标优化数学模型;比较不同元模型精度,选择GWO-BP神经网络,搭载自适应第三代非支配排序遗传算法(A-NSGA-Ⅲ)获得最佳参数组合,实现托盘轻量化、不同工况应力最小化。研究结果表明:以铁路RTKD款卷状货物运输托盘为例,进行多目标优化设计,发现托盘仿真分析与实际试验值误差均少于11%,仿真应力分布趋势与实测基本吻合;优化后,托盘质量减少27.97 kg,2种工况最大应力分别减少23.01 MPa和37.21 MPa,符合铁路货物安全运输需求。研究结果为同类型运输托盘的设计、改进提供了工程参考,对铁路卷状货物运输发展有重要促进作用。

交变双轴加载下钛合金微动磨损的仿真及试验研究

微动磨损是导致机械连接结构失效的主要形式之一。目前大多数研究都在恒定法向接触载荷工况下开展。然而实际工程中,广泛存在着可变法向载荷和轴向载荷的多轴加载工况,导致目前恒定法向载荷下微动磨损的研究结果不能很好地解释多轴交变加载工况下的微动磨损行为。因此,以钛合金的微动磨损为例,进行了交变双轴加载下微动磨损的仿真分析和试验测试研究。首先,建立了受循环交变双轴加载作用下的微动磨损模型;然后,对不同法向载荷幅值、位移载荷幅值、双轴加载相位差下的微动磨损行为进行了仿真,并根据Q-P曲线分析方法对这些复杂微动情况下的微动磨损机制进行了讨论;最后,在双轴加载的微动磨损试验机上进行了双轴微动磨损试验,验证了该有限元模型磨损形貌的合理性。研究结果表明:交变法向载荷的磨损形貌不同于恒定法向载荷的磨损形貌,交变下法向载荷均值与恒定法向载荷保持不变,交变法向载荷下的磨损深度及宽度均大于恒定法向载荷下的磨损深度及宽度。位移幅值和相位差一定,随着法向载荷幅值的增大,磨损宽度和深度均增加,磨损形貌由“W”型转变为“W+V”型;法向载荷幅值和相位差一定,磨损宽度和深度均随位移幅值的增大而增大;法向载荷幅值和位移幅值一定,改变双轴加载相位差,0°相位差最大磨损深度出现在接触后缘,180°相位差最大磨损深度出现在接触前缘,90°和270°相位差的前、后缘磨损深度极大值接近。

基于DEM-FEM法的碎冰区船舶冰致疲劳损伤分析

极地运输船在碎冰区航行时会不断与海冰发生碰撞,致使内部产生周期性损伤,加剧了船体结构的疲劳问题。为此,本文建立一种基于离散元-有限元(DEM-FEM)的碎冰区航行船舶冰致疲劳损伤评估方法。首先,根据实际海冰分布,构造出一种混合海冰模型和数值碎冰航道。利用离散元法(DEM)计算出船体-碎冰碰撞下的冰载荷时历。将冰载荷时历施加到船体上,利用有限元法(FEM)计算出各疲劳子工况下的热点应力时历。采用改进四峰谷值雨流计数法统计热点应力时历的应力水平,基于线性累积损伤准则的S-N曲线法计算出各热点总的疲劳损伤度。最后,将本方法的计算结果与LR规范算法的结果进行对比分析,验证该方法的适用性。本方法可为碎冰区航行船舶的冰致疲劳损伤评估提供一定参考。

考虑疲劳载荷分布的海上风电机组出力优化控制

为提高海上风电机组的能源产出效率。延长风电机组运行寿命,研究着重考虑了疲劳载荷分布影响。采用集成气象数据与疲劳载荷模拟方法,设计了一种出力优化控制模型。并通过优化算法选择与参数调优来提升控制模型功能,旨在全方位提升能源产出效率,减轻疲劳载荷对设备的潜在损害,研究结果显示,出力优化控制模型能提高海上风电场的整体效率,有效延长风电机组使用寿命,可为提升海上风能的经济性与可持续性贡献了新方法。

A new model for evaluating the dynamic shear strength of rocks based on laboratory test data for earthquake-resistant design

The dynamic shear strength of rocks is required for the earthquake-resistant design of nuclear power plants in Japan.This research aims to propose a mathematical model for estimating the dynamic strength and to validate the model.Two different types of specimens were prepared for the model validation,and the monotonic and cyclic loading tests were conducted to obtain the mathematical model parameters.Subsequently,multistep cyclic loading tests were performed,followed by simulations using the mathematical model.The test results demonstrated that the dynamic shear strength exceeded the static shear strength,which agreed with previous researches.Furthermore,the dynamic shear strength calculated using the mathematical model was generally consistent with that obtained from the experimental data.

Ⅲ型加载对Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

通过有限元数值模拟和疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究了Ⅲ型加载对Ⅰ型加载的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。计算结果表明,在Ⅰ型加载的基础上进行Ⅲ型加载,应力强度因子KI随着Ⅲ型加载的增大而减小;KIII随着Ⅲ型加载的增加而增大。在相同边界条件下,裂纹前缘所在直线上,越接近中性面,KI的值越小。为了验证有限元数值分析结果,对铝合金材料进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验。试验结果表明,在Ⅰ型加载的基础上进行Ⅲ型加载会使疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;在一定范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着Ⅲ型加载的增加而减小。