An ester based on the secondary and by-products of oil and fat and alcohol hydrolysis is obtained for fattening the skin. Distilled fatty acids are used as a secondary product for the preparation of the ester, and fus...An ester based on the secondary and by-products of oil and fat and alcohol hydrolysis is obtained for fattening the skin. Distilled fatty acids are used as a secondary product for the preparation of the ester, and fusel oil as a by-product. The main physicochemical properties of the ester obtained were determined. An ester-based formulation has been developed to fatten clothing skins from fine raw materials. The recommended is technological scheme of obtaining a composition for fattening leather.展开更多
Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to p...Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.展开更多
This paper reports the in vitro anti-diabetic profile of certain medicinal plants traditionally used in Eritrea for the management of type 2 diabetes. The crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Meriandra dianthera...This paper reports the in vitro anti-diabetic profile of certain medicinal plants traditionally used in Eritrea for the management of type 2 diabetes. The crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperi, a Polyherb and their fractions were investigated. The in vitro screening of the crude extracts has generally elicited a dose dependent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities. M. dianthera displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.074 ± 0.032 mg/mL) at the highest concentration tested (0.800 mg/mL) relative to A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose (IC50: 0.37 ± 0.052, 0.56 ± 0.024 and 0.55 ± 0.029 respectively). The α-glucosidase inhibition activities of A. camperi and M. dianthera, except for the Polyherb and Acarbose, were significantly different (P < 0.05) at various ranges of concentrations (0.025 - 0.800 mg/mL). The percentage α-amylase inhibitions of M. dianthera, A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose, at the highest concentrations (0.800 mg/mL), were 78.3%, 15.9%, 16.4%, and 82.9% respectively. A. camperi and the Polyherb displayed lower α-amylase inhibitory activities (IC50: 1.72 ± 0.06 and 2.57 ± 0.07 mg/mL respectively) compared to Acarbose and M. dianthera (IC50: 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively). For the α-amylase inhibition activity, even at lower concentrations (0.025 mg/mL), there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among the values generated for all the extracts. The in vitro anti-diabetic screening of the fractions, at 0.800 mg/ml, displayed characteristic enzyme inhibition activities. Generally, the non-polar fractions showed higher enzyme inhibitory activities compared to the polar fractions. The most bioactive non-polar fractions, thus, were subjected to GC-MS analysis and presented various essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and benzoic acid derivatives in those plants.展开更多
The effectiveness of adsorptive treatment of waste cooking oils was assessed in terms of suitability for biodiesel production. New technologies involving standard diesel engines have been developed using biofuel produ...The effectiveness of adsorptive treatment of waste cooking oils was assessed in terms of suitability for biodiesel production. New technologies involving standard diesel engines have been developed using biofuel products from vegetable oils and waste animal fats based on environmental and economic considerations. The potential application of used rapeseed oil after treatment with a mixture of active carbon （AR） and magnesium silicate （MG） as energy source was studied. The results were compared with substrates standard in the Vogel＆Noot GmbH technology for the transesterification of oils and fats.展开更多
本文利用乙酸银修饰的氧化铝-硅胶材料制备固相萃取柱对船用残渣燃料油样品进行净化分离,结合气相色谱-串联质谱技术,使用DB-35 MS UI色谱柱分离,多反应监控模式,内标法定量测定酚类及脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)类化合物。对影响酚类和FAME类化...本文利用乙酸银修饰的氧化铝-硅胶材料制备固相萃取柱对船用残渣燃料油样品进行净化分离,结合气相色谱-串联质谱技术,使用DB-35 MS UI色谱柱分离,多反应监控模式,内标法定量测定酚类及脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)类化合物。对影响酚类和FAME类化合物的进样方式、萃取溶剂的选择、固相萃取柱类型的选择以及淋洗和洗脱条件进行了优化,建立了船用残渣燃料油中酚类及FAME类化合物的测定方法。方法在浓度0.05~2.5μg/mL范围线性良好,具有检出限(0.1~1.2 mg/kg)和定量限(0.3~4.0 mg/kg)低,稳定性好和萃取效率高,以及基质效应不显著等优势。通过用不含目标物的空白燃料油配制0.10、0.50、2.50 mg/L浓度水平的试样考察方法的可靠性,获得满意的回收率(85.5%~115.4%)和相对标准偏差(RSD≤6.2%)。实验结果表明,建立的方法可实现船用残渣燃料油中酚类及FAME类化合物的有效检测。另外,劣质船用燃油存在不少的酚类和FAME类物质,高浓度苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、对枯基苯酚、脂肪酸甲酯等物质可能是导致船舶油泵损坏的重要原因。展开更多
To develop an accurate determination method of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel by GC,tridecanoic acid methy1 ester was used as an internal standard.The recoveries are determined to be from 97.59% to 101.42%(m=5)...To develop an accurate determination method of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel by GC,tridecanoic acid methy1 ester was used as an internal standard.The recoveries are determined to be from 97.59% to 101.42%(m=5)The relative standard deviations range from 1.32%to 2.89%(n=5).展开更多
利用叔丁醇作为共溶剂可使棕榈油、甲醇和催化剂形成均相体系,用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油,可以缩短反应时间。实验以棕榈油为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在带夹套的玻璃反应器内进行反应。考察了共溶剂质量分数、催化剂质量分数、反应温度...利用叔丁醇作为共溶剂可使棕榈油、甲醇和催化剂形成均相体系,用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油,可以缩短反应时间。实验以棕榈油为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在带夹套的玻璃反应器内进行反应。考察了共溶剂质量分数、催化剂质量分数、反应温度、醇油摩尔比等因素对生物柴油产率的影响,获得了最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,当叔丁醇质量为棕榈油质量的11.6%,催化剂质量为油质量的1.0%,反应温度为60℃,醇油摩尔比为6∶1时,反应2 m in后生物柴油产率达到了90%。展开更多
以棉籽油脂肪酸与甲醇为原料,采用超临界甲醇非催化法制备生物柴油。考察了反应温度、反应时间、脂肪酸与甲醇体积比对产物中亚油酸、油酸、亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯含量的影响。结果表明,产物中亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯在反应温度超过280℃...以棉籽油脂肪酸与甲醇为原料,采用超临界甲醇非催化法制备生物柴油。考察了反应温度、反应时间、脂肪酸与甲醇体积比对产物中亚油酸、油酸、亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯含量的影响。结果表明,产物中亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯在反应温度超过280℃后呈下降趋势;反应时间超过15 m in后有降低趋势;脂肪酸与甲醇体积比超过1∶3后呈降低趋势。说明在超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油过程中反应温度不宜太高,反应时间不宜过长。展开更多
文摘An ester based on the secondary and by-products of oil and fat and alcohol hydrolysis is obtained for fattening the skin. Distilled fatty acids are used as a secondary product for the preparation of the ester, and fusel oil as a by-product. The main physicochemical properties of the ester obtained were determined. An ester-based formulation has been developed to fatten clothing skins from fine raw materials. The recommended is technological scheme of obtaining a composition for fattening leather.
文摘Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.
文摘This paper reports the in vitro anti-diabetic profile of certain medicinal plants traditionally used in Eritrea for the management of type 2 diabetes. The crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperi, a Polyherb and their fractions were investigated. The in vitro screening of the crude extracts has generally elicited a dose dependent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities. M. dianthera displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.074 ± 0.032 mg/mL) at the highest concentration tested (0.800 mg/mL) relative to A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose (IC50: 0.37 ± 0.052, 0.56 ± 0.024 and 0.55 ± 0.029 respectively). The α-glucosidase inhibition activities of A. camperi and M. dianthera, except for the Polyherb and Acarbose, were significantly different (P < 0.05) at various ranges of concentrations (0.025 - 0.800 mg/mL). The percentage α-amylase inhibitions of M. dianthera, A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose, at the highest concentrations (0.800 mg/mL), were 78.3%, 15.9%, 16.4%, and 82.9% respectively. A. camperi and the Polyherb displayed lower α-amylase inhibitory activities (IC50: 1.72 ± 0.06 and 2.57 ± 0.07 mg/mL respectively) compared to Acarbose and M. dianthera (IC50: 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively). For the α-amylase inhibition activity, even at lower concentrations (0.025 mg/mL), there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among the values generated for all the extracts. The in vitro anti-diabetic screening of the fractions, at 0.800 mg/ml, displayed characteristic enzyme inhibition activities. Generally, the non-polar fractions showed higher enzyme inhibitory activities compared to the polar fractions. The most bioactive non-polar fractions, thus, were subjected to GC-MS analysis and presented various essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and benzoic acid derivatives in those plants.
文摘The effectiveness of adsorptive treatment of waste cooking oils was assessed in terms of suitability for biodiesel production. New technologies involving standard diesel engines have been developed using biofuel products from vegetable oils and waste animal fats based on environmental and economic considerations. The potential application of used rapeseed oil after treatment with a mixture of active carbon （AR） and magnesium silicate （MG） as energy source was studied. The results were compared with substrates standard in the Vogel＆Noot GmbH technology for the transesterification of oils and fats.
文摘To develop an accurate determination method of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel by GC,tridecanoic acid methy1 ester was used as an internal standard.The recoveries are determined to be from 97.59% to 101.42%(m=5)The relative standard deviations range from 1.32%to 2.89%(n=5).
文摘利用叔丁醇作为共溶剂可使棕榈油、甲醇和催化剂形成均相体系,用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油,可以缩短反应时间。实验以棕榈油为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在带夹套的玻璃反应器内进行反应。考察了共溶剂质量分数、催化剂质量分数、反应温度、醇油摩尔比等因素对生物柴油产率的影响,获得了最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,当叔丁醇质量为棕榈油质量的11.6%,催化剂质量为油质量的1.0%,反应温度为60℃,醇油摩尔比为6∶1时,反应2 m in后生物柴油产率达到了90%。
文摘以棉籽油脂肪酸与甲醇为原料,采用超临界甲醇非催化法制备生物柴油。考察了反应温度、反应时间、脂肪酸与甲醇体积比对产物中亚油酸、油酸、亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯含量的影响。结果表明,产物中亚油酸甲酯和油酸甲酯在反应温度超过280℃后呈下降趋势;反应时间超过15 m in后有降低趋势;脂肪酸与甲醇体积比超过1∶3后呈降低趋势。说明在超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油过程中反应温度不宜太高,反应时间不宜过长。
