Background Goose, descendants of migratory ancestors, have undergone extensive selective breeding, resulting in their remarkable ability to accumulate fat in the liver and exhibit a high tolerance for significant ener...Background Goose, descendants of migratory ancestors, have undergone extensive selective breeding, resulting in their remarkable ability to accumulate fat in the liver and exhibit a high tolerance for significant energy intake. As a result, goose offers an excellent model for studying obesity, metabolic disorders, and liver diseases in mammals. Although the impact of the three-dimensional arrangement of chromatin within the cell nucleus on gene expression and transcriptional regulation is widely acknowledged, the precise functions of chromatin architecture reorganization during fat deposition in goose liver tissues still need to be fully comprehended.Results In this study, geese exhibited more pronounced changes in the liver index and triglyceride(TG) content following the consumption of the high-fat diet(HFD) than mice without significant signs of inflammation. Additionally, we performed comprehensive analyses on 10 goose liver tissues(5 HFD, 5 normal), including generating highresolution maps of chromatin architecture, conducting whole-genome gene expression profiling, and identifying H3K27ac peaks in the livers of geese and mice subjected to the HFD. Our results unveiled a multiscale restructuring of chromatin architecture, encompassing Compartment A/B, topologically associated domains, and interactions between promoters and enhancers. The dynamism of the three-dimensional genome architecture, prompted by the HFD, assumed a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of crucial genes. Furthermore, we identified genes that regulate chromatin conformation changes, contributing to the metabolic adaptation process of lipid deposition and hepatic fat changes in geese in response to excessive energy intake. Moreover, we conducted a cross-species analysis comparing geese and mice exposed to the HFD, revealing unique characteristics specific to the goose liver compared to a mouse. These chromatin conformation changes help elucidate the observed characteristics of fat deposition and hepatic fat regulation in geese under conditions of excessive energy intake.Conclusions We examined the dynamic modifications in three-dimensional chromatin architecture and gene expression induced by an HFD in goose liver tissues. We conducted a cross-species analysis comparing that of mice. Our results contribute significant insights into the chromatin architecture of goose liver tissues, offering a novel perspective for investigating mammal liver diseases.展开更多
[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths ...[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of gibberellin(GA3)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of their seedlings were analyzed.[Results]The contents of eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA decreased with germination time.There were significant differences between the ratios of germinations of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA.GA3 and NAA of different ratio treatments could promote seedling heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia,but increases of seedling heights and fresh weights were different.Eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were remarkably negative correlation with seedling heights and fresh weights.[Conclusions]The fatty acid components of C.obtusifolia seed germination and growth of their seedlings were affected.It indicated that GA3 and NAA treatments can affect fatty acid metabolism,the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia.It is intended to provide a theoretical basis and technological reference for standardized cultivated techniques of C.obtusifolia.展开更多
Goat milk is widely recognized for its nutritional value.Fatty acid synthase(FAS)is the crucial enzyme of fatty acid de novo synthesis.It plays an important role in the formation of goat milk fat.In this paper,we firs...Goat milk is widely recognized for its nutritional value.Fatty acid synthase(FAS)is the crucial enzyme of fatty acid de novo synthesis.It plays an important role in the formation of goat milk fat.In this paper,we first introduced the molecular regulation process of goat milk fat metabolism based on the structure research of FAS.Secondly,we reviewed some key factors in FAS transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of the goat mammary gland and preliminarily constructed the expression network of the goat mammary gland FAS gene.The purpose of this paper is to systematically introduce the role of FAS in goat milk fat metabolism and to provide a reference for future studies on the mechanism of goat milk fat metabolism.展开更多
The pharmaceutical effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs) as dietary nutrients on human health and diseases have gained much attention and are investigated for decades. Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), eicosa...The pharmaceutical effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs) as dietary nutrients on human health and diseases have gained much attention and are investigated for decades. Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid(DPA) are the three major n-3 PUFAs enriched in marine organisms, such as fish, shrimp, algae, and so on. It has been well known that n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA and EPA, are beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs might cure inflammatory diseases through several mechanisms, such as plasma membrane remodeling of lymphocytes, down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alternating adhesion molecule expressions. Several molecular targets of n-3 PUFAs on immune-regulation have also been identified, such as GPR120(FFA4), protein kinase C(PKC), and PPAR-γ. However, it remains inconclusive if dietary n-3 PUFAs function the same both in vitro and in vivo based on cohort studies. This review will focus on the molecular targets and mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of n-3 PUFAs on human health and diseases, such as obesity, tumor, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a progressive disease of increasing public health concern.In western populations the disease has an estimated prevalence of 20%-40%,rising to 70%-90% in obese and type Ⅱ di...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a progressive disease of increasing public health concern.In western populations the disease has an estimated prevalence of 20%-40%,rising to 70%-90% in obese and type Ⅱ diabetic individuals.Simplistically,NAFLD is the macroscopic accumulation of lipid in the liver,and is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.However,the molecular mechanisms mediating both the initial development of steatosis and its progression through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to debilitating and potentially fatal fibrosis and cirrhosis are only partially understood.Despite increased research in this field,the development of non-invasive clinical diagnostic tools and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets has been frustratingly slow.We note that,to date,NAFLD research has been dominated by in vivo experiments in animal models and human clinical studies.Systems biology tools and novel computational simulation techniques allow the study of large-scale metabolic networks and the impact of their dysregulation on health.Here we review current systems biology tools and discuss the benefits to their application to the study of NAFLD.We propose that a systems approach utilising novel in silico modelling and simulation techniques is key to a more comprehensive,better targeted NAFLD research strategy.Such an approach will accelerate the progress of research and vital translation into clinic.展开更多
Our understanding of postharvest needle abscission physiology in conifers has greatly improved in the last decade. Abscission is initially triggered by root detachment, which begins a cascade of changes such as decrea...Our understanding of postharvest needle abscission physiology in conifers has greatly improved in the last decade. Abscission is initially triggered by root detachment, which begins a cascade of changes such as decreased water uptake, water potential, and auxins and increased membrane injury, ethylene, abscisic acid, volatile terpenes, and catalytic enzymes. Needle abscission is also affected by environmental factors. For example, a period of cold acclimation generally delays postharvest abscission. The aforementioned pieces of evidence, along with previous studies, strongly points to a role for plant lipids and fatty acids. Studies from other species have pointed out key roles in abscission and stress responses for a variety of phospholipids and galactolipids, which has not been studied in balsam fir. It is imperative to have an understanding of the role of plant lipids and fatty acids to further our overall understanding of the physiological mechanisms of postharvest abscission and needle abscission resistance. This review is an overview of membrane lipids and fatty acids, changes that occur postharvest and the interaction that lipids may have in the phenomenon of postharvest abscission.展开更多
The impact of the gut microbiota is not limited to the intestine, but its interaction with the host produces active metabolites, which can be transported by the blood circulation to play important roles in various par...The impact of the gut microbiota is not limited to the intestine, but its interaction with the host produces active metabolites, which can be transported by the blood circulation to play important roles in various parts of the body. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as important active products of gut bacteria, have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can play active roles as signaling molecules in the development of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, allergic airway disease, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In this way, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolism-active substances has gradually become a popular therapeutic method for many diseases of organs beyond the gut. To find new therapeutic targets for major human health problems, this article reviews the research on SCFAs in extraintestinal diseases.展开更多
The prevalence of obesity and related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited.Alternative treatment options are therefore intensively sought...The prevalence of obesity and related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited.Alternative treatment options are therefore intensively sought after.An interesting candidate is the natural polyphenol resveratrol(RSV) that activates adenosinmonophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and silent information regulation-2 homolog 1(SIRT1).In addition,RSV has known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Here,we review the current evidence for RSVmediated effects on NAFLD and address the different aspects of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) pathogenesis with respect to free fatty acid(FFA) flux from adipose tissue,hepatic de novo lipogenesis,inadequate FFA β-oxidation and additional intra- and extrahepatic inflammatory and oxidant hits.We review the in vivo evidence from animal studies and clinical trials.The abundance of animal studies reports a decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation,liver weight and a general improvement in histological fatty liver changes,along with a reduction in circulating insulin,glucose and lipid levels.Some studies document AMPK or SIRT1 activation,and modulation of relevant markers of hepatic lipogenesis,inflammation and oxidation status.However,AMPK/SIRT1-independent actions are also likely.Clinical trials are scarce and have primarily been performed with a focus on overweight/obese participants without a focus on NAFLD/NASH and histological liver changes.Future clinical studies with appropriate design are needed to clarify the true impact of RSV treatment in NAFLD/NASH patients.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF1000100 to Long Jin and 2023YFD1300012 to Long Jin)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2022JDJQ0054 to Long Jin and 2021YFYZ0009 to Mingzhou Li)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32225046 to Mingzhou Li)。
文摘Background Goose, descendants of migratory ancestors, have undergone extensive selective breeding, resulting in their remarkable ability to accumulate fat in the liver and exhibit a high tolerance for significant energy intake. As a result, goose offers an excellent model for studying obesity, metabolic disorders, and liver diseases in mammals. Although the impact of the three-dimensional arrangement of chromatin within the cell nucleus on gene expression and transcriptional regulation is widely acknowledged, the precise functions of chromatin architecture reorganization during fat deposition in goose liver tissues still need to be fully comprehended.Results In this study, geese exhibited more pronounced changes in the liver index and triglyceride(TG) content following the consumption of the high-fat diet(HFD) than mice without significant signs of inflammation. Additionally, we performed comprehensive analyses on 10 goose liver tissues(5 HFD, 5 normal), including generating highresolution maps of chromatin architecture, conducting whole-genome gene expression profiling, and identifying H3K27ac peaks in the livers of geese and mice subjected to the HFD. Our results unveiled a multiscale restructuring of chromatin architecture, encompassing Compartment A/B, topologically associated domains, and interactions between promoters and enhancers. The dynamism of the three-dimensional genome architecture, prompted by the HFD, assumed a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of crucial genes. Furthermore, we identified genes that regulate chromatin conformation changes, contributing to the metabolic adaptation process of lipid deposition and hepatic fat changes in geese in response to excessive energy intake. Moreover, we conducted a cross-species analysis comparing geese and mice exposed to the HFD, revealing unique characteristics specific to the goose liver compared to a mouse. These chromatin conformation changes help elucidate the observed characteristics of fat deposition and hepatic fat regulation in geese under conditions of excessive energy intake.Conclusions We examined the dynamic modifications in three-dimensional chromatin architecture and gene expression induced by an HFD in goose liver tissues. We conducted a cross-species analysis comparing that of mice. Our results contribute significant insights into the chromatin architecture of goose liver tissues, offering a novel perspective for investigating mammal liver diseases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761010&81260641)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou province of China([2017]1121)the Project of Scientific Research of Doctors of Guizhou Normal University.
文摘[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatty acid compositions of germinations and seedling growths of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of gibberellin(GA3)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of their seedlings were analyzed.[Results]The contents of eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA decreased with germination time.There were significant differences between the ratios of germinations of C.obtusifolia seeds treated with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA.GA3 and NAA of different ratio treatments could promote seedling heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia,but increases of seedling heights and fresh weights were different.Eicosenoic acid,α-linoleic acid,arachidic acid,eicosadienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were remarkably negative correlation with seedling heights and fresh weights.[Conclusions]The fatty acid components of C.obtusifolia seed germination and growth of their seedlings were affected.It indicated that GA3 and NAA treatments can affect fatty acid metabolism,the germination rates,root lengths,plant heights and fresh weights of C.obtusifolia.It is intended to provide a theoretical basis and technological reference for standardized cultivated techniques of C.obtusifolia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31802035,31872324 and 31601915)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2017M621841 and 2019T120472).
文摘Goat milk is widely recognized for its nutritional value.Fatty acid synthase(FAS)is the crucial enzyme of fatty acid de novo synthesis.It plays an important role in the formation of goat milk fat.In this paper,we first introduced the molecular regulation process of goat milk fat metabolism based on the structure research of FAS.Secondly,we reviewed some key factors in FAS transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of the goat mammary gland and preliminarily constructed the expression network of the goat mammary gland FAS gene.The purpose of this paper is to systematically introduce the role of FAS in goat milk fat metabolism and to provide a reference for future studies on the mechanism of goat milk fat metabolism.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91129706 and 81672585)Key Technology Fund of Shandong Province (No. 2016 ZDJS07A07)the Taishan Scholar Fellowship of Shandong Province in China to Lijuan Zhang
文摘The pharmaceutical effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs) as dietary nutrients on human health and diseases have gained much attention and are investigated for decades. Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid(DPA) are the three major n-3 PUFAs enriched in marine organisms, such as fish, shrimp, algae, and so on. It has been well known that n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA and EPA, are beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs might cure inflammatory diseases through several mechanisms, such as plasma membrane remodeling of lymphocytes, down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alternating adhesion molecule expressions. Several molecular targets of n-3 PUFAs on immune-regulation have also been identified, such as GPR120(FFA4), protein kinase C(PKC), and PPAR-γ. However, it remains inconclusive if dietary n-3 PUFAs function the same both in vitro and in vivo based on cohort studies. This review will focus on the molecular targets and mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of n-3 PUFAs on human health and diseases, such as obesity, tumor, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases.
基金Supported by The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Re-search Council,No.BB/I008195/1
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a progressive disease of increasing public health concern.In western populations the disease has an estimated prevalence of 20%-40%,rising to 70%-90% in obese and type Ⅱ diabetic individuals.Simplistically,NAFLD is the macroscopic accumulation of lipid in the liver,and is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.However,the molecular mechanisms mediating both the initial development of steatosis and its progression through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to debilitating and potentially fatal fibrosis and cirrhosis are only partially understood.Despite increased research in this field,the development of non-invasive clinical diagnostic tools and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets has been frustratingly slow.We note that,to date,NAFLD research has been dominated by in vivo experiments in animal models and human clinical studies.Systems biology tools and novel computational simulation techniques allow the study of large-scale metabolic networks and the impact of their dysregulation on health.Here we review current systems biology tools and discuss the benefits to their application to the study of NAFLD.We propose that a systems approach utilising novel in silico modelling and simulation techniques is key to a more comprehensive,better targeted NAFLD research strategy.Such an approach will accelerate the progress of research and vital translation into clinic.
文摘Our understanding of postharvest needle abscission physiology in conifers has greatly improved in the last decade. Abscission is initially triggered by root detachment, which begins a cascade of changes such as decreased water uptake, water potential, and auxins and increased membrane injury, ethylene, abscisic acid, volatile terpenes, and catalytic enzymes. Needle abscission is also affected by environmental factors. For example, a period of cold acclimation generally delays postharvest abscission. The aforementioned pieces of evidence, along with previous studies, strongly points to a role for plant lipids and fatty acids. Studies from other species have pointed out key roles in abscission and stress responses for a variety of phospholipids and galactolipids, which has not been studied in balsam fir. It is imperative to have an understanding of the role of plant lipids and fatty acids to further our overall understanding of the physiological mechanisms of postharvest abscission and needle abscission resistance. This review is an overview of membrane lipids and fatty acids, changes that occur postharvest and the interaction that lipids may have in the phenomenon of postharvest abscission.
文摘The impact of the gut microbiota is not limited to the intestine, but its interaction with the host produces active metabolites, which can be transported by the blood circulation to play important roles in various parts of the body. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as important active products of gut bacteria, have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can play active roles as signaling molecules in the development of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, allergic airway disease, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In this way, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolism-active substances has gradually become a popular therapeutic method for many diseases of organs beyond the gut. To find new therapeutic targets for major human health problems, this article reviews the research on SCFAs in extraintestinal diseases.
基金Supported by Aarhus University and the Danish Council for Independent Research,Medical Sciences,No.11-107912The Danish Strategic Research Council has supported the LIRMOI study on RSV effects in NAFLD and metabolic diseases,No.10-093499+5 种基金The NOVO Nordisk Foundation has supported Grnbk H by a research grantsupported by the Robert WStorr Bequest to the Sydney MedicalFoundation,University of Sydneya National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Program Grant No.1053206Project grants 632630 and 1049857
文摘The prevalence of obesity and related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited.Alternative treatment options are therefore intensively sought after.An interesting candidate is the natural polyphenol resveratrol(RSV) that activates adenosinmonophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and silent information regulation-2 homolog 1(SIRT1).In addition,RSV has known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Here,we review the current evidence for RSVmediated effects on NAFLD and address the different aspects of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) pathogenesis with respect to free fatty acid(FFA) flux from adipose tissue,hepatic de novo lipogenesis,inadequate FFA β-oxidation and additional intra- and extrahepatic inflammatory and oxidant hits.We review the in vivo evidence from animal studies and clinical trials.The abundance of animal studies reports a decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation,liver weight and a general improvement in histological fatty liver changes,along with a reduction in circulating insulin,glucose and lipid levels.Some studies document AMPK or SIRT1 activation,and modulation of relevant markers of hepatic lipogenesis,inflammation and oxidation status.However,AMPK/SIRT1-independent actions are also likely.Clinical trials are scarce and have primarily been performed with a focus on overweight/obese participants without a focus on NAFLD/NASH and histological liver changes.Future clinical studies with appropriate design are needed to clarify the true impact of RSV treatment in NAFLD/NASH patients.
