IMIBSE与ISOMAP在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

针对基本熵的区域划分标准不理想,导致无法有效测量振动信号的复杂度,使故障诊断的准确率不佳这一问题,提出了一种基于改进多尺度改进基本熵(IMIBSE)、等距特征映射(ISOMAP)和随机森林(RF)的旋转机械故障诊断方法。首先,采用基于方差的区域划分准则对基本熵进行了改进,结合改进的粗粒化处理,提出了IMIBSE,并将其用于提取故障特征;随后,利用ISOMAP对原始故障特征进行了特征降维,选择了对分类贡献最大的一组特征作为故障敏感特征;最后,基于RF建立了多故障分类器,将故障敏感特征输入至RF模型进行了训练和测试,实现了旋转机械的故障识别,利用齿轮箱和离心泵两种故障数据集将IMIBSE方法与复合多尺度基本熵、多尺度改进基本熵、多尺度基本熵进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明:IMIBSE不仅具有最佳的可视化效果,而且取得的识别准确率最高,二者均达到了100%,而二者的平均分类准确率分别为100%和99.8%;相较于其他故障诊断方法,IMIBSE方法的准确率更高,而且适用于小样本的故障识别问题。

Fault diagnosis and process monitoring using a statistical pattern framework based on a self-organizing map

A multivariate method for fault diagnosis and process monitoring is proposed. This technique is based on a statistical pattern(SP) framework integrated with a self-organizing map(SOM). An SP-based SOM is used as a classifier to distinguish various states on the output map, which can visually monitor abnormal states. A case study of the Tennessee Eastman(TE) process is presented to demonstrate the fault diagnosis and process monitoring performance of the proposed method. Results show that the SP-based SOM method is a visual tool for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis that can be used in complex chemical processes.Compared with other SOM-based methods, the proposed method can more efficiently monitor and diagnose faults.

Fault Diagnosis in Chemical Process Based on Self-organizing Map Integrated with Fisher Discriminant Analysis

Fault diagnosis and monitoring are very important for complex chemical process. There are numerous methods that have been studied in this field, in which the effective visualization method is still challenging. In order to get a better visualization effect, a novel fault diagnosis method which combines self-organizing map (SOM) with Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is proposed. FDA can reduce the dimension of the data in terms of maximizing the separability of the classes. After feature extraction by FDA, SOM can distinguish the different states on the output map clearly and it can also be employed to monitor abnormal states. Tennessee Eastman (TE) process is employed to illustrate the fault diagnosis and monitoring performance of the proposed method. The result shows that the SOM integrated with FDA method is efficient and capable for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis in complex chemical process.

基于ALIF和ISOMAP的机械设备故障识别方法研究

滚动轴承作为机械设备的重要部件,对机械设备的稳定运行起着重要的作用。滚动轴承的故障信号往往是多种信号的叠加,有必要对采集到的振动信号进行模式分解,进而基于模式识别方法实现对滚动轴承不同故障模式的分类识别。提出一种基于自适应局部迭代滤波(ALIF)和等距特征映射(ISOMAP)的机械设备故障分类识别方法。利用ALIF对滚动轴承的故障信号进行模式分解;对选定的模式分量提取多个统计学特征;最后利用ISOMAP对高维特征信号进行降维处理,实现对滚动轴承不同故障模式的分类识别。研究结果表明:所提方法在滚动轴承故障识别上具有良好的效果。

Measuring the Qatar-Kazeron Fault Dip Using Random Finite Fault Simulation of September 27, 2010 Kazeron Earthquake and Analytical Signal Map of Satellite Magnetic Data

In this research the fault parameters causing the September 27, 2010 Kazeron Earthquake with a magnitude of MW = 5.8 (BHRC) were determined using the random finite fault method. The parameters were recorded by 27 accelerometer stations. Simulation of strong ground motion is very useful for areas about which little information and data are available. Considering the distribution of earthquake records and the existing relationships, for the fault plane causing the September 27, 2010 Kazeron Earthquake the length of the fault along the strike direction and the width of the fault along the dip direction were determined to be 10 km and 7 km, respectively. Moreover, 10 elements were assumed along the length and 7 were assumed along the width of the plane. Research results indicated that the epicenter of the earthquake had a geographic coordination of 29.88N - 51.77E, which complied with the results reported by the Institute of Geophysics Tehran University (IGTU). In addition, the strike and dip measured for the fault causing the Kazeron Earthquake were 27 and 50 degrees, respectively. Therefore, the causing fault was almost parallel to and coincident with the fault. There are magnetic discontinuities on the analytical signal map with a north-south strike followed by a northwest-southeast strike. The discontinuities are consistent with the trend of Kazeron fault but are several kilometers away from it. Therefore, they show the fault depth at a distance of 12 km from the fault surface.

Variation-Aware Task Mapping on Homogeneous Fault-Tolerant Multi-Core Network-on-Chips

A variation-aware task mapping approach is proposed for a multi-core network-on-chips with redundant cores, which includes both the design-time mapping and run-time scheduling algorithms. Firstly, a design-time genetic task mapping algorithm is proposed during the design stage to generate multiple task mapping solutions which cover a maximum range of chips. Then, during the run, one optimal task mapping solution is selected. Additionally, logical cores are mapped to physically available cores. Both core asymmetry and topological changes are considered in the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the performance yield of the proposed approach is 96% on average, and the communication cost, power consumption and peak temperature are all optimized without loss of performance yield.

Using structure restoration maps to comprehensively identify potential faults and fractures in compressional structures

Faults and fractures of multiple scales are frequently induced and generated in compressional structural system. Comprehensive identification of these potential faults and fractures that cannot be distinguished directly from seismic profile of the complex structures is still an unanswered problem. Based on the compressional structural geometry and kinematics theories as well as the structural interpretation from seismic data, a set of techniques is established for the identification of potential faults and fractures in compressional structures. Firstly, three-dimensional(3D) patterns and characteristics of the faults directly interpreted from seismic profile were illustrated by 3D structural model. Then, the unfolding index maps, the principal structural curvature maps, and tectonic stress field maps were obtained from structural restoration. Moreover, potential faults and fractures in compressional structures were quantitatively identified relying on comprehensive analysis of these three maps. Successful identification of the potential faults and fractures in Mishrif limestone formation and in Asmari dolomite formation of Buzurgan anticline in Iraq demonstrates the applicability and reliability of these techniques.

Fault diagnosis of rocket engine ground testing bed with self-organizing maps(SOMs)

To solve the fault diagnosis problem of liquid propellant rocket engine ground testing bed,a fault diagnosis approach based on self-organizing map(SOM)is proposed.The SOM projects the multidimensional ground testing bed data into a two-dimensional map.Visualization of the SOM is used to cluster the ground testing bed data.The out map of the SOM is divided to several regions.Each region is represented for one fault mode.The fault mode of testing data is determined according to the region of their labels belonged to.The method is evaluated using the testing data of a liquid-propellant rocket engine ground testing bed with sixteen fault states.The results show that it is a reliable and effective method for fault diagnosis with good visualization property.

基于S-ISOMAP和DAG-SVM的齿轮声学故障诊断方法

齿轮故障声信号特征数据集具有高维和非线性特性,等距映射(ISOMAP)降维算法通过构造距离矩阵来测量样本点之间的测地距离,具有处理复杂非线性数据的能力,但其本身是一种无监督算法,不能有效利用样本点间的标签信息。文中设计了一种结合有监督等距映射(S-ISOMAP)算法和有向无环图支持向量机(DAG-SVM)的故障诊断方法,主要包括特征提取、降维和模式识别三个部分。利用梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)提取齿轮故障声信号的特征信息,建立高维特征数据集,在计算欧式距离时引入调节因子,构建有监督的S-ISOMAP降维算法对高维MFCC特征数据集进行降维。引入有向无环图,构建DAG-SVM分类器实现多分类。实验结果表明,该方法能有效准确的识别出旋转机齿轮的故障状态,识别准确率达到94.67%,S-ISOMAP相较ISOAMP、局部线性嵌入的降维效果更好,分类识别准确率更高。

基于全映射复合多尺度散布熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

为有效提取滚动轴承振动数据中的非平稳故障特征,将复合多尺度散布熵(CMDE)中的不同映射方式进行集成,形成了一种新的测量轴承振动信号复杂度和自相似度的方法,即全映射复合多尺度散布熵(FCMDE)。在此基础上,提出了基于FCMDE和k近邻(KNN)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,利用FCMDE计算轴承振动信号的熵值并提取轴承的故障特征,将高维故障特征输入KNN分类器中进行滚动轴承的故障识别,采用西储大学和江南大学轴承数据集的验证结果表明,FCMDE方法能够有效识别滚动轴承的故障类型,准确率分别达到了100%和95.83%。

基于增量式等距映射同双重局部密度方法的工业过程故障检测

针对工业过程的非线性和动态性问题,提出一种基于流形学习下的增量式等距映射(IISOMAP)与双重局部密度(DLD)相结合的故障检测方法(IISOMAP-DLD).利用IISOMAP将原始数据映射到低维流形特征子空间和剩余子空间;然后,在两个子空间中分别引入双重局部密度方法构建统计量对过程进行监控;最后,将IISOMAP-DLD方法应用到田纳西-伊斯曼(TE)过程.实验结果表明,IISOMAP-DLD对比其他方法有更高的故障检测率.IISOMAP在保留数据内在特征的同时,解决了过程的非线性问题,而双重局部密度方法可消除过程的动态性.

基于SOM-BP的全自动口罩机传动系统故障检测

针对口罩机在多工序生产中故障特征难以诊断的问题,提出了一种基于自组织映射(SOM)和误差反向传播网络(BP)的故障检测模型。首先针对4种减速机故障类型搭建SOM-BP复合型神经网络模型并完成检测分类,其次通过提取原振动信号的20组时域和频域参数作为SOM网络的输入样本进行初步聚类,并根据仿真结果确定最佳竞争层结构,最后将聚类后结果输入BP网络进行预测并完成分类,实现故障检测。研究结果表明,7×7竞争层结构下的SOM-BP复合型神经网络对于减速机的8种时域和频域参数的检测效果最优,分类准确率可达93.5%,173次迭代即可收敛,数据拟合度最高达0.99876,达到实际检测要求,验证了该方案的有效性和可行性。

基于数据映射和胶囊网络的轴承故障诊断方法

传统深度学习模型自适应提取振动信号故障特征,实现端到端轴承故障诊断。然而,振动监测信号为非常复杂的非稳态时序信号,若深度网络直接以原始振动信号为输入,数据之间的非线性耦合作用会极大影响模型对故障特征的提取效率。目的为降低故障信号之间强非线性耦合作用,解决卷积神经网络对空间约束信息丢失的问题,提升轴承故障诊断性能,方法本文提出一种基于数据映射和胶囊网络(capsule network,CapsNet)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,将图像处理领域中具有细化颜色特征能力的颜色空间模型(color names,CN)引入故障数据预处理中,将原始低维空间数据映射至高维空间,提升故障数据空间区分度;其次,针对映射后数据维度较高且具有一定冗余,影响故障诊断效率的问题,引入主成分分析(principal compo⁃nent analysis,PCA)法提取故障数据主元信息,降低数据维度;最后,考虑到胶囊网络有效提取空间约束信息的能力,将CapsNet作为故障诊断的骨干网络对故障特征进行识别和分类。结果使用CWRU、XJTU-SY数据集对该方法进行验证,实验结果表明,该方法在两种数据集上故障诊断准确率均达98%以上,与其他基于深度学习的故障诊断方法进行对比,该方法的诊断性能具有一定优势。结论本文方法可对故障数据进行有效解耦,提升数据之间的空间区分度,获得较高的轴承故障诊断精度。

基于随机森林的硬盘故障率预测研究

为了避免硬盘出现故障而造成大量数据丢失,文章提出一种基于随机森林的方法对硬盘的故障进行预测,降低其丢失数据的风险。首先,在数据预处理方面,对所采用的数据做特征映射预处理;其次,通过对决策树进行构建及选取等,构建随机森林预测模型,根据所选取的特征属性预测硬盘故障率所在的区间,并且特征属性的变化能反映出硬盘故障率的变化趋势;最后,对构建的随机森林模型参数进行调优,选取不同的n_estimators参数值进行测试和优化。实验结果表明,与XGBoost(Extreme Gradient Boosting)、LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)等方法相比,本文方法的F1值(F-Measure)分别提高了0.93%和1.84%,并且对随机森林预测模型的参数值进行不同取值测试,最终准确率达到98.18%,比默认值提高了1.23%,证明该方法能更精确地预测硬盘故障率,反映出硬盘故障率基于特征属性的变化趋势。

时域流形特征增强在数控机床轴承故障诊断中的应用

以数控机床轴承的时域振动信号为研究对象,提出一种基于流形学习的特征增强方法。首先,将采集信号的时间序列进行相空间重构,通过计算子相空间的信息熵来构建信号在特征空间中的表示,并以流形距离作为原始信号来集中不同故障类型的度量。然后,使用等距特征映射算法求取信号在特征空间中同胚的低维流形,其结果可用于对故障类型的分类判别。经实例数据集的验证分析发现,信息熵—等距特征映射变换能够在低维特征空间表达并强化轴承时域信号的故障类型特征,可有效应用于数控机床轴承单一和复合故障场景的设备运行诊断。

基于MDS和改进SSA-SVM的高速铁路道岔故障诊断方法研究

针对高速铁路道岔设备故障频繁,现场维修工作量大等问题,提出基于多维尺度缩放法(MDS)和改进麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的高速铁路道岔故障诊断模型。首先以ZDJ9道岔转换功率曲线为研究对象,总结现场典型道岔故障类型及故障原因,分别提取道岔功率曲线的时域、频域特征指标以及小波包能量熵,组成特征指标向量;其次采用MDS方法进行多维特征指标的降维优化,建立道岔故障特征指标样本数据库;最后利用改进Circle混沌映射初始化种群,并通过自适应t分布增强麻雀种群的多样性,再以改进SSA算法优化SVM模型中的惩罚因子和核函数方差2个关键参数,构建改进SSA-SVM的道岔故障诊断模型。故障诊断结果表明,本模型的故障诊断正确率高达96.25%,诊断效果优于其他方法,可以为道岔设备的故障维修提供理论依据。

基于WOA-SVM的智能变电站二次系统故障参数映射模型

目前通过人工分析大量运行信息难以快速精确定位智能变电站二次系统故障,无法适应智能电网高可靠性运行要求。为此,提出一种智能变电站二次系统故障参数映射模型。首先根据特征信息建立故障定位推理知识库,对故障类型进行编码。然后基于智能变电站的历史运行数据构建模型训练集,引入多分类器对SVM(支持向量机)算法进行改进,用WOA(鲸鱼优化算法)优化其参数,以设备状态为输入,二次系统故障类型为输出,建立了智能变电站二次系统设备参数与运行状态之间的映射关系。最后以实际数据作为测试集对所提模型进行检验,证明了此故障参数映射模型的有效性。

ISOMAP-LDA方法用于化工过程故障诊断

针对化工连续生产过程的时序性及非线性等特征,提出一种新的基于数据驱动的化工过程故障诊断方法:ISOMAP-LDA。首先实行流形学习算法ISOMAP,在保持量测数据几何结构特性下完成非线性降维,然后基于提取的嵌入变量张成的低维空间,选用线性判别分析(LDA)构造故障模式类的判别函数,负责各采样个体故障类型的判定。将该方法用于仿真化工Tennessee East man过程的故障诊断,结果表明,ISOMAP-LDA方法不仅拥有较高的故障诊断能力,而且取得采样在低维空间的可视化表示。

基于小波变换和CNN的船用机械故障诊断

针对船用机械故障特征自适应提取与智能化诊断问题,采用连续小波变换与卷积神经网络的船舶机械故障诊断方法。以船用风机为例,首先模拟船用机械不同故障并采集振动信号,通过连续小波变换将一维振动信号转化为特征图谱,其包含大量的时频信息。然后通过多次训练后,确定网络结构参数,建立卷积神经网络结构,将时频图作为卷积神经网络输入,挖掘更深层次的高度抽象的故障特征信息。最后在卷积神经网络的输出层接入softmax分类器,实现船用机械的故障诊断。实验结果表明:所提方法能准确识别故障类型,且具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力,诊断准确率可达99.3%。与集成经验模态分解、极限学习机故障诊断方法相比,该方法有更高的诊断精度。

基于Adaboost-INGO-HKELM的变压器故障辨识

针对目前变压器故障诊断准确率低的问题,提出一种多策略集成模型。首先通过等度量映射(isometric mapping, Isomap)对高维非线性不可分的变压器故障数据进行降维处理。其次,利用混合核极限学习机(hybrid kernel based extreme learning machine, HKELM)进行训练学习,考虑到HKELM模型易受参数影响,所以利用北方苍鹰优化算法(northern goshawk optimization, NGO)对其参数进行寻优。但由于NGO收敛速度较慢,易陷入局部最优,引入切比雪夫混沌映射、择优学习、自适应t分布联合策略对其进行改进。同时为了提高模型整体的准确率,通过结合Adaboost集成算法,构建Adaboost-INGO-HKELM变压器故障辨识模型。最后,将提出的Adaboost-INGO-HKELM模型与未进行降维处理的INGO-HKELM模型、Isomap-INGO-KELM模型、Adaboost-Isomap-GWO-SVM等7种模型的测试准确率进行对比。提出的Adaboost-INGO-HKELM模型的准确率可达96%,均高于其他模型,验证了该模型对变压器故障辨识具有很好的效果。