Fracture-fissure systems found at mid-ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid.Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid-ocean ridges will provide a...Fracture-fissure systems found at mid-ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid.Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid-ocean ridges will provide a useful tool in the search for potential hydrothermal vents,thus guiding the exploration of modern seafloor sulfides.Considering the MidAtlantic Ridge 20°N–24°N(NMAR)and North Chile Rise(NCR)as examples,fault elements such as Fault Spacing(?S)and Fault Heave(?X)can be identified and quantitatively measured.The methods used include Fourier filtering of the multi-beam bathymetry data,in combination with measurements of the topographic slope,curvature,and slope aspect patterns.According to the Sequential Faulting Model of mid-ocean ridges,the maximal migration distance of an active fault on either side of mid-ocean ridges—that is,the distribution range of active faults—can be measured.Results show that the maximal migration distance of active faults at the NMAR is 0.76–1.01 km(the distance is larger at the center than at the ends of this segment),and at the NCR,the distribution range of active faults is 0.38–1.6 km.The migration distance of active faults on the two study areas is positively related to the axial variation of magma supply.In the NCR study area,where there is an abundant magma input,the number of faults within a certain distance is mainly affected by the variation of lithospheric thickness.Here a large range of faulting clearly corresponds to a high proportion of magmatism to seafloor spreading near mid-ocean ridges(M)value,and in the study area of the NMAR,there is insufficient magmatism,and the number of faults may be controlled by both lithospheric thickness and magma supply,leading to a less obvious positive correlation between the distribution range of active faults and M.展开更多
【目的】海底石油生产设施在特定条件下可能面临极端或意外事件(如石油泄漏),相关的工程设计和科学研究面临诸多挑战。应用风险评估和可靠性研究,分析工程应用中管汇存在的缺陷,以有效地提高海底管汇系统的可靠性和使用寿命。【方法】...【目的】海底石油生产设施在特定条件下可能面临极端或意外事件(如石油泄漏),相关的工程设计和科学研究面临诸多挑战。应用风险评估和可靠性研究,分析工程应用中管汇存在的缺陷,以有效地提高海底管汇系统的可靠性和使用寿命。【方法】针对海底管汇生产过程中存在的风险因素进行定性和定量分析,并基于故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)方法和可靠性分析模型确定系统薄弱环节/风险点。【结果】生产系统中较为复杂模块的可靠性下降较快,将决定整个系统的稳定性、可靠性、操作性及使用寿命。【结论】管汇系统中,生产系统模块对整个系统的可靠性影响最大。在生产系统模块中,球阀是最薄弱的环节,对顶事件的可靠性影响最大,是管汇系统中的风险点。展开更多
基金supported by the grant of China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(DY135-S2-1-01)
文摘Fracture-fissure systems found at mid-ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid.Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid-ocean ridges will provide a useful tool in the search for potential hydrothermal vents,thus guiding the exploration of modern seafloor sulfides.Considering the MidAtlantic Ridge 20°N–24°N(NMAR)and North Chile Rise(NCR)as examples,fault elements such as Fault Spacing(?S)and Fault Heave(?X)can be identified and quantitatively measured.The methods used include Fourier filtering of the multi-beam bathymetry data,in combination with measurements of the topographic slope,curvature,and slope aspect patterns.According to the Sequential Faulting Model of mid-ocean ridges,the maximal migration distance of an active fault on either side of mid-ocean ridges—that is,the distribution range of active faults—can be measured.Results show that the maximal migration distance of active faults at the NMAR is 0.76–1.01 km(the distance is larger at the center than at the ends of this segment),and at the NCR,the distribution range of active faults is 0.38–1.6 km.The migration distance of active faults on the two study areas is positively related to the axial variation of magma supply.In the NCR study area,where there is an abundant magma input,the number of faults within a certain distance is mainly affected by the variation of lithospheric thickness.Here a large range of faulting clearly corresponds to a high proportion of magmatism to seafloor spreading near mid-ocean ridges(M)value,and in the study area of the NMAR,there is insufficient magmatism,and the number of faults may be controlled by both lithospheric thickness and magma supply,leading to a less obvious positive correlation between the distribution range of active faults and M.
文摘【目的】海底石油生产设施在特定条件下可能面临极端或意外事件(如石油泄漏),相关的工程设计和科学研究面临诸多挑战。应用风险评估和可靠性研究,分析工程应用中管汇存在的缺陷,以有效地提高海底管汇系统的可靠性和使用寿命。【方法】针对海底管汇生产过程中存在的风险因素进行定性和定量分析,并基于故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)方法和可靠性分析模型确定系统薄弱环节/风险点。【结果】生产系统中较为复杂模块的可靠性下降较快,将决定整个系统的稳定性、可靠性、操作性及使用寿命。【结论】管汇系统中,生产系统模块对整个系统的可靠性影响最大。在生产系统模块中,球阀是最薄弱的环节,对顶事件的可靠性影响最大,是管汇系统中的风险点。
