Data Processing of Fault Recorder in Power System

This article studies the fault recorder in power system and introduces the Comtrade format. Andituses C++ programming to read recorded fault data and adopts Fourier analysis and symmetrical component method to filter and extract fundamental waves. Finally the effectiveness of the data processing method introduced in this paper is verified by CAAP software.

Tectonic Taphrogenesis and Paleoseismic Records from the Yishu Fault Zone in the Initial Stage of the Caledonian Movement

The Yishu fault zone （mid-segment of the Tanlu fault zone） was formed in the Presinian. Periodic tectonic activities and strong seismic events have occurred along the fault zone. During the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, with the proceeding of the marine transgression from the Yishu paleo-channel to the western Shandong, uneven thick sediments, composed mainly of sand, mud and carbonates of littoral, lagoon, and neritic facies, were deposited in the Yishu fault zone and western Shandong, and constructed the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong formations. Through field observations and the lab-examinations, various paleoseismic records have been discovered in the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formations of the Yishu fault zone and its vicinity, including some layers with syn-sedimentary deformation structures that were triggered by strong earthquakes （i.e. seismite, seismo-olistostrome, and seismo-turbidite）. Paleoseismic records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly seismites with soft-sediment deformation structures, such as liquefied diapir, small liquefied-carbonate lime-mud volcano, liquefied vein, liquefied breccia, convolute deformation （seismic fold）, graded fault, soft siliceous vein, and deformation stromatolite, as well as seismites with brittle deformation structures of semiconsolidated sediments. Paleoseismic records preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only seismo-olistostrome with a slump fold, load structure, and ball-and-pillows, but also seismo-turbidite with convolution bedding, graded bedding and wavy-bedding. However, in the western Shandong area, the closer to the Yishu fault zone, the greater the thickness of the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formation, the greater the number and type of layers with paleoseismic records, and the higher the earthquake intensity reflected by associations of seismic records. This evidence indicates that tectonic taphrogenesis accompanied by strong earthquake events occurred in the Yishu fault zone during the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, which embodied the break-up of the Sino-Korean Plate along the Paleo-Tanlu fault zone at that time.

Response spectrum of seismic design code for zones lack of near-fault strong earthquake records

It was shown from the study on the recently near-fault earthquake ground motions that the near-fault effects were seldom considered in the existing Chinese seismic code. Referring to the UBC97 design concept for near-fault factors, based on the collected world-widely free-site records of near-fault earthquakes ground motions classified by earthquake magnitude and site condition, the attenuation relationship expressions of the acceleration spectrum demand at the key points within the long period and moderate period were established in term of the earthquake magnitude and the site condition. Furthermore, the near-fault factors＇ expressions about the earthquake magnitude and the fault distance were deduced for the area lack of near-fault strong earthquake records. Based on the current Chinese Building Seismic Design Code, the near-fault effect factors and the modified design spectral curves, which were valuable for the seismic design, were proposed to analyze the seismic response of structures.

Fault-zone trapped waves at Muyu in Wenchuan earthquake region

Trapped waves in the Qingchuan fault zone were observed at Muyu near the northeastern end of the fractured zone of the Wenchuan Ms8. 0 earthquake. The results indicate a fault-zone width of about 200 m and a great difference in physical property of the crust on different sides of the fault. The inferred location of crustal changes is consistent with land-form boundary on the surface

The 2018 M_S 5.9 Mojiang Earthquake:Source model and intensity based on near-field seismic recordings

On September 8, 2018, an M_S 5.9 earthquake struck Mojiang, a county in Yunnan Province, China. We collect near-field seismic recordings(epicentral distances less than 200 km) to relocate the mainshock and the aftershocks within the first 60 hours to determine the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and some of the aftershocks and to invert for the finite-fault model of the mainshock.The focal mechanism solution of the mainshock and the relocation results of the aftershocks constrain the mainshock on a nearly vertical fault plane striking northeast and dipping to the southeast. The inversion of the finite-fault model reveals only a single slip asperity on the fault plane. The major slip is distributed above the initiation point, ～14 km wide along the down-dip direction and ～14 km long along the strike direction, with a maximal slip of ～22 cm at a depth of ～6 km. The focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks show that most of the aftershocks are of the strike-slip type, a number of them are of the normal-slip type, and only a few of them are of the thrust-slip type.On average, strike-slip is dominant on the fault plane of the mainshock, as the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock suggests, but when examined in detail, slight thrust-slip appears on the southwest of the fault plane while an obvious part of normal-slip appears on the northeast, which is consistent with what the focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks display. The multiple types of aftershock focal mechanism solutions and the slip details of the mainshock both suggest a complex tectonic setting, stress setting, or both. The intensity contours predicted exhibit a longer axis trending from northeast to southwest and a maximal intensity of Ⅷ around the epicenter and in the northwest.

Neural network analysis of overturning response under near-fault type excitation

Under strong seismic excitation, a rigid block will uplift from its support and undergo rocking oscillations which may lead to （complete） overturning. Numerical and analytical solutions to this highly nonlinear vibration problem are first highlighted in the paper and then utilized to demonstrate how sensitive the overturning behavior is not only to the intensity and frequency content of the base motion, but also to thc presence of strong pulses, to their detailed sequence, and even to their asymnletry. Five idealised pulses capable of representing ＂rupture-directivity＂ and ＂fling＂ affected ground motions near the fault, are utilized to this end ： the one-cycle sinus, the one-cycle cosinus, the Ricker wavelet, the truncated （T）-Ricker wavelet, and the rectangular pulse ＂Overturning-Acceleration Amplification＂ and ＂Rotation＂ spectra are introduced and presented. Artificial neural network modeling is then developed as an alternative numerical solution. The neural network analysis leads to closed-form expressions for predicting the overturning failure or survival of a rigid block, as a function of its geometric properties and the characteristics of the excitation time history. The capability of the developed neural network modeling is validated through comparisons with the numerical solution. The derived analytical expressions could also serve as a tool for assessing the destructiveness of near-fault ground motions, for structures sensitive to rocking with foundation uplift.

Exploration of fault-zone trapped waves at Pingtong Town,in Wenchuan earthquake region

Pingtong Town is located on the fractured zone of the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, and is seriously damaged by the earthquake. Our observation line is centered at an earthquake exploration trench across the fractured zone in the NW-SE direction, and is about 400 m long. The results reveal trapped waves in the rup- tured fault zone of the earthquake, and indicate a great difference in physical property between the media inside and outside the fault zone. The predominant frequency of the fault-zone trapped waves is about 3 -4 Hz. The wave amplitudes are larger near the exploration trench. The width of the fault zone in the crust at this location is estimated to be 200 m. In some records, the waveforms and the arrival times of S waves are quite different between the two sides of the trench. The place of change coincides with the boundary of uplift at the surface.

Fault zone trapped waves at Longmenshan fault belt

Trapped waves in different sections of Longmenshan fault belt were observed, and the results show the difference between the northern and southern portions of this fault belt. Guanzhuang and Leigu surveying lines are located at the northern portion of the fault belt, and the result indicates that the width of the rupture zone underground in this area is about 160 - 180 m. The center position of rupture zone underground corresponds to the surface breaking trace, and is equally distributed at the edges of the two fault walls. However, Hongkou surveying line is located at the southern portion of the fault belt, and the result indicates that the width of the rupture zone underground in this area is about 180 -200 m. The rupture zone underground is mainly distributed below fault scarp. The Wenchuan MsS. 0 earthquake and Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake both occurred at the Longmenshan fault belt. The results will provide information for the structure background of the two violent earthquakes.

《民法典》第1222条(诊疗过错推定)评注

《民法典》第1222条系对医疗机构存在诊疗过错的法律推定,患者可以通过证明医疗机构存在本条规定的行为,来代替对“未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务”的证明。在推定医疗机构存在诊疗过错后,诊疗过错的客观举证责任就转移至医疗机构。若医疗机构证明“尽到了与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务”,则可推翻该推定。本条第1项中的“诊疗规范”是该项所指的实质内容,法律、行政法规、规章以及其他规定均为诊疗规范的载体。诊疗规范是指管理、规范和指引疾病诊断、治疗的规范,其载体除了本条列举的法律规定外,还包括国务院卫生主管部门制定的技术标准与操作规范,全国性行业协(学)会制定的标准、规程、规范、制度以及药品说明书。本条第2项、第3项从实体法上讲是对《民法典》第1225条所规定义务的严重违反,从诉讼法上讲则是证明妨碍行为。该两项病历资料的范围与第1225条所称病历资料的范围一致,但仅限定于“与纠纷有关”的病历资料。“隐匿”“拒绝提供”“遗失”“伪造”“篡改”“违法销毁”均有其规范含义,除文义中体现的主体要件、主观要件和行为要件外,适用本条第2项、第3项推定诊疗过错还要满足结果要件及因果关系要件。

Near-surface Geothermal Gradient Observation and Geothermal Analyses in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone,Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The Xianshuihe fault（XSHF） zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan and the 2013 Lushan earthquakes. This study analysed underground temperature sequence data for four years at seven measuring points at different depths（maximum depth： 18.9 m） in the southeastern section of the XSHF zone. High-frequency atmospheric noise was removed from the temperature sequences to obtain relatively stable temperature fields and heat fluxes near the measurement points. Our measurements show that the surrounding bedrock at（the seven stations distributed in the fault zone） had heat flux values range from-41.0 to 206 m W/m^2, with a median value of 54.3 m W/m^2. The results indicate a low heat flux in the northern section of DaofuKangting and a relatively high heat flux in the southern section of Kangting, which is consistent with the temperature distributions of the hot springs near the fault. Furthermore, our results suggest that the heat transfer in this field results primarily from stable underground heat conduction. In addition, the underground hydrothermal activity is also an obvious factor controlling the geothermal gradient.

基于QAR数据的飞行控制系统故障研究综述

为系统梳理国内外对民用飞机飞行控制系统故障分析的研究历程和现状,针对基于快速存取记录器(QAR)数据分析的飞行控制系统典型故障类型,首先,总结QAR数据预处理、特征提取等使用过程;然后,根据故障分析可达到的性能指标,提出4个故障研究阶段,分别为故障监测、故障识别、故障诊断和故障预测;最后,综合国内外研究进度与深度,得出飞行控制系统典型故障类型,包括方向舵液压泄漏、升降舵指示不一致、襟翼动作耗时等,建模常用QAR数据项包括飞机主舵面位置、飞行姿态、飞机性能、左右襟翼角度、襟翼位置等,计算方法包括物理模型、多变量统计、逻辑推理、机器学习等。结果表明:系统分析方向舵、升降舵、襟翼等子系统最新研究进展,发现在故障类型、参数选择和计算方法的改进等方面取得了一定的成果,故障研究阶段基本处于故障诊断或非实时预测水平,但仍需加强面向安全保障与实际维修方面的需求,以实现故障实时预测技术。

近断层脉冲型地震作用下大跨拱桥动力响应分析

为了研究近断层脉冲型地震动的速度脉冲特性和参数对大跨拱桥动力响应的影响规律,首先引入分解叠加(record-decomposition incorporation,RDI)法合成人工近断层脉冲型地震动,对比研究了不同等效脉冲模型的准确性,进而优化和验证了合成方法;然后以某大跨拱桥为工程背景,采用优化后的RDI方法合成了具有不同参数特征的人工近断层地震动,探讨了脉冲成分与残余分量对拱桥动力响应的影响机制;最后研究了不同脉冲参数对拱桥动力响应的影响规律。研究表明:优化后的RDI合成方法能有效模拟原始近断层脉冲型地震动,并得到具有不同脉冲参数的人工地震动;近断层地震记录的高频成分对拱桥结构动力响应具有显著的不利影响;随着脉冲幅值的增大,向前方向性效应和滑冲效应对拱桥动力响应的影响均明显增大;随着脉冲周期的增大,两种脉冲效应对拱桥动力响应均有显著的不利影响;对于脉冲个数的影响,双向脉冲的近断层地震动相比多向脉冲会引起拱桥更大的面内响应。

基于阀电流实时计算的故障录波分析方法

针对当前缺乏通过录波数据实时分析换流阀运行状况的问题,提出了一种基于阀电流实时计算的故障录波分析方法。首先,分析了录波数据中的触发脉冲编码方法,并根据触发脉冲编码和换流阀外部交直流电流实时计算阀状态;其次,提出了利用故障录波实时计算得到的阀状态检测换相失败及其恢复的方法;最后,基于某实际直流工程录波数据得到的阀状态实时计算结果和换相失败检测结果,验证了所提方法的有效性。计算结果表明,所提方法可为直流系统的故障诊断和今后控制保护的优化提供基础。

基于一二次融合设备的配电网含分支线路参数计算方法

精确的线路参数是实现配电网安全经济可靠运行的基础。由于配电网的结构特点,难以获得准确的配电网线路参数。基于一二次融合设备的录波数据,提出了1种新的配电网线路参数计算方法。该方法能够精确计算配电线路的正序、负序和零序参数,包括电容参数。该方法能够适用于配电网点多面广、分支众多的实际情况,也能用于含分布式新能源的配电网,计算精度不受故障类型和负荷变化的影响。仿真结果表明,其计算结果和精度能够满足电力系统继电保护和电网运行的要求。

基于最小二乘法的变电站故障录波测距系统设计

当前,变电站故障区域受录波器性能的影响,阻抗值获取难度较大,导致故障区域测距效率较低。为提高变电站故障区域的测距效率、确保变电站的供电稳定,设计了基于最小二乘法的变电站故障录波测距系统。在系统硬件部分,采用分布式的电力故障录波器装置,收集变电站电力数据,利用以太网后台机完成数据传输。在系统软件部分,凭借最小二乘法计算模拟量通道的变比参数,校正电力录波装置通道间的相位误差,以提高录波器模拟量的测量精度。通过故障相电流差与相电压差获得阻抗值结果,计算出变电站故障录波的准确距离。试验结果表明:所设计系统的步角误差与测距误差均较小,故障录波测距误差降到了1%以内。该系统可以有效完成变电站故障点的精准定位,具有较高的参考价值。

一次输电线路故障的原因分析与案例研究

针对新疆电网发生的几起证据模糊的输电线路故障,基于故障录波数据驱动进行了故障反演和故障原因分析。首先,根据故障录波电压电流特性,提取其长电弧故障特征。然后,考虑到污闪故障具有故障证据易缺失、记录稀少及多发于春季的特点,将其作为此次故障的首要考虑对象。最后,通过相量法计算故障电阻的时域特性,设置污闪故障的控制论电弧参数实现了对实际故障录波数据的反演,进而验证了假设故障为污闪故障。

基于改进差分进化的线路故障诊断混合模型

针对输电线路故障诊断问题,提出了一种改进差分进化和峰值密度聚类的线路故障混合诊断模型。首先,提出一种由录波测距模型和改进的线路故障案例推理(lines fault case-based reasoning,LFCBR)模型构成的故障距离混合预测模型;其次,为提高案例推理模型的精度,提出一种利用个体精度优化的改进差分进化算法,以优化不同模态内的案例推理过程中的属性权重;最后,结合密度峰值聚类和相似度算法更新案例库中的源案例,以便更好地维护案例。实验结果表明,所提算法的性能优于线性回归和遗传案例推理(linear regression and genetic case reasoning,LRGCR)法、最近邻策略考察(nearest neighbor investigation strategy,NNIS)法、案例推理、录波测距算法的预测效果,在国网某供电公司获得了较好的效果。

简析大型变压器类设备绕组匝间短路故障录波和油气相色谱特征

本文作者在统计分析20例500kV及以上电压等级大型变压器绕组匝间短路故障实例的基础上,重点介绍有关故障录波和在线油色谱的特征,并对提高绕组匝间短路故障预警的有效性提出建议。

基于密文属性加密的发变组故障录波数据访问控制方法研究

新型电力系统发电机-变压器组(新型发变组)发生故障时,由于其包含多个方面的数据,造成数据量较大,为减少访问控制的存储开销,基于密文属性加密提出了新型发变组故障录波数据访问控制方法。对数据存储空间密文进行去重处理,计算数据明文哈希值,在扩展位下对向量进行加密处理,实现密文的重复检验。分类处理新型发变组故障录波数据,设置新型发变组故障录波数据访问权限,在文件发布与数据访问之间完成数据的加密与解密,同时设置密钥签名以及验证机制,基于密文属性设计数据访问控制算法。通过实验数据可知,密文属性加密方法分类处理得到故障录波数据的累计贡献率为87.2%,且存储开销较小,证明了所提方法的优越性。

计算机运行全过程日志记录系统设计

为了解决当前国产特种计算机(如星载计算机,机载计算机等)出现偶发故障无日志记录,无法准确获取软硬件和外部环境在故障出现时的具体状态,造成后续难以进行故障分析,无法做到及时归零处理的难题;深入分析了计算机运行的全过程以及影响计算机运行过程的内外部因素,创新性地提出一种计算机运行全过程日志记录技术;该技术采用嵌入式硬件平台进行设计,运行嵌入式软件,采集计算机运行过程状态和外部环境信息并进行存储,解决了国产计算机从上电至操作系统启动完成这一阶段无日志记录的难题,同时还实时记录计算机运行过程的环境信息;完成了软硬件设计,并进行试验验证,设计故障注入,验证了所设计的系统能够准确反映计算机运行全过程状态信息,表明该技术有助于故障定位、机理分析、故障复现、采取措施及验证,最终完成故障归零处理。