Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:karst fault system

Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir,but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration.Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance,while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir.In this study,a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield.The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed.Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference,and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined.Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding.Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough.Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location,and thus,the oil recovery was further enhanced.

Architecture characterization of Ordovician fault-controlled paleokarst carbonate reservoirs in Tuoputai,Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin,NW China

Based on outcrop,core,logging,seismic and production data,and the formation of fault-controlled karst reservoirs,the types and characterization of Ordovician fault-controlled karst reservoir architectures in the Tuoputai area of the Tahe oilfield are studied.According to the concept of genetic geologic body,the fault-controlled karst reservoir is divided into architecture elements of four levels,the strike-slip fault impact zone is the level-1 architecture element,the fault-controlled karst reservoir the level-2 architecture element,the fracture-cave zone(which can be further subdivided into dissolution cave,dissolution pore and vug,and fracture zones)inside the fault-controlled karst reservoir the level-3 architecture element,and fillings inside caves is the level-4 architecture element(which can be further divided based on the filling degree and lithologic types of the fillings).Specific characterization techniques have been optimized according to the characteristics of various architecture elements.The zone impacted by strike-slip fault is characterized by seismic coherence and artificial interpretation.Under the constraint of zone impacted by strike-slip fault,fault likelihood(FL)property is used to characterize the outline of fault-controlled karst reservoir.Under the constraint of fault-controlled karst reservoir outline,the internal structures are divided based on seismic texture attribute.Finally,the cavern filling pattern is interpreted based on drilling and logging data.The fault-controlled karst reservoirs can be interpreted in 3-dimensional space by architecture element levels,and the characterization technology combining log and seismic data for fault-controlled karst reservoir has been worked out,which has complemented the development theory and technologies for this kind of reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield.

Eogenetic karst and its control on reservoirs in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation, eastern Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin, NW China

To further ascertain the origin of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,the M54-M51 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the eastern Sulige gasfield of Ordos Basin were taken as examples to analyze the vertical development characteristics of eogenetic karst and to discover the dissolution mechanism and its control on reservoirs through observation of a large number of cores and thin sections.According to detailed analysis of petrologic characteristics,the reservoir rock types include micritic dolomite,grain dolomite and microbialite which have mainly moldic pore,intergranular(dissolved)pore,and(dissolved)residual framework pore as main reservoir space respectively.The study area developed upward-shallowing sequences,with an exposure surface at the top of a single upward-shallowing sequence.The karst systems under the exposure surface had typical exposure characteristics of early dissolution and filling,indicating these reservoirs were related to the facies-controlled eogenetic karstification.With the increase of karstification intensity,the reservoirs became worse in physical properties.

Strike-Slip Faults and Their Control on Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment in Carbonate Karst Reservoirs: A Case Study of Yingshan Formation on Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.

Fault Systems and their Control of Deep Gas Accumulations in Xujiaweizi Area

A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of muiti-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xndong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area.

Accumulation and exploration of continental shale gas resources of Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Lishu fault depression,Songliao Basin,NE China

Distribution characteristics,organic matter development characteristics,gas-bearing characteristics,reservoir characteristics,and preservation conditions of the Shahezi Formation shale of Lower Cretaceous in the Lishu fault depression,Songliao Basin,NE China,are analyzed using organic geochemical,whole rock,and SEM analysis data,and CO_(2)and N_(2) adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection experiment data in combination with the tectonic and sedimentation evolution of the region to reveal the geological conditions for enrichment and resource potential of continental shale gas.The organic-rich shale in the Lower Cretaceous of the Lishu fault depression is mainly developed in the lower submember of the second member of the Shahezi Formation(K_(1)sh_(2)^(1) Fm.)and is thick and stable in distribution.The shale has high TOC,mainly types II_(1) and II_(2) organic matter,and is in the mature to the over-mature stage.The volcanic activity,salinization,and reduction of the water environment are conducive to the formation of the organic-rich shale.The shale reservoirs have mainly clay mineral intergranular pores,organic matter pores,carbonate mineral dissolution pores,and foliated microfractures as storage space.The pores are in the mesopore range of 10–50 nm,and the microfractures are mostly 5–10μm wide.Massive argillaceous rocks of lowland and highstand domains are deposited above and below the gas-bearing shale separately in the lower submember of the K_(1)sh_(2)^(1) Fm.,act as the natural roof and floor in the process of shale gas accumulation and preservation,and control the shale gas enrichment.Based on the above understandings,the first shale gas exploration well in Shahezi Formation was drilled in the Lishu fault depression of Songliao Basin.After fracturing,the well tested a daily gas production of 7.6×10^(4) m^(3),marking a breakthrough in continental shale gas exploration in the Shahezi Formation(K1 sh Fm.)of the Lishu fault depression in Songliao Basin.The exploration practice has reference significance for the exploration of continental shale gas in the Lower Cretaceous of Songliao Basin and its periphery.

Characteristics and development model of karst reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The reservoir space,types and distribution characteristics of karst carbonate gas reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 4 Member)in central Sichuan Basin are analyzed based on the drilling,logging and seismic data.A development model of karst reservoirs is constructed to support the high-efficiency development of gas pools.The research shows that the reservoirs in Deng 4 Member have mainly small-scale karst vugs and fractures as storage space,and can be divided into three types,fracture-vug,pore-vug and pore types.The development patterns of the karst reservoirs are determined.On the plane,the karst layers increase from 65 m to 170 m in thickness from the karst platform to the karst slope,and the high-quality reservoirs increase from 25.0 m to 42.2 m in thickness;vertically,the reservoirs at the top of Deng 4 Member appear in multiple layers,and show along-bedding and along fracture dissolution characteristics.The reservoirs at the bottom are characterized by the dissolution parallel to the water level during the karstification period,and have 3-5 large-scale fracture-cave systems.Based on the reservoir development characteristics and the genetic mechanism,three types of reservoir development models of karst reservoir are established,i.e.,bed-dissolved body,fracture-dissolved body and paleohorizon-dissolved body.The construction of karst reservoir development models and seismic response characteristics of the three types of reservoirs can provide parameter for well placement and trajectory design,and substantially improve productivity and development indices of individual wells and gas reservoirs.The designed production capacity of the gas reservoir has enhanced from the initial 3.6 billion to 6 billion cubic meters,making the profit of the reservoir development increase noticeably.

GEOCHEMISTRY AND TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT AND RESERVOIR FORMATION OF MANTLE-DERIVED NATURAL GAS IN THE SONGLIAO BASIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA

During several decades of exploration, a number of mantle-derived natural gas pools have been discovered in the vicinities of deep faults in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The natural gas in these pools has a δ13C1 value of ?16.50/00 to ?24.20/00, a reversed arrangement in the amount of carbon isotopes in methane and its endogamous products (namely, δ13C1 >δ13C2 >δ13C3 >δ13C4), a 3He/4He value of 1.97 to 2.34×10-6,and an Ar/36Ar value of 1063 to 1949. This indicates a mantle 40 source for the natural gas. The trace elements Cd, In, Te and Re, never found in organic-sourced hydrocarbons, are highly enriched in certain crude oils from the Basin; respectively, concentrations of these elements were found to be 751, 28, 16 and 323 times the average crustal values in China, and this also supports a mantle-derived natural gas origin. The characteristics of mantled-derived magmatic rocks, hydrothermal fluids and gaseous fractions distributed in and near the deep Songliao Basin faults indicate that rifting tectonics is providing the mechanisms for this outgassing of the mantle. Deep extensional (normal) faults provide pathways for upward movement of these materials, and in the Songliao Basin, these deep rift fault zones are associated with reservoir occurrence and cap rock seals, forming good sites for accumulation of mantle-derived natural gas. Furthermore, a layer of low velocity, low density and high conductivity in the deep crust has been identified as a potential reservoir for mantle-derived natural gas.

Characteristics and main control factors of Ordovician shoal dolomite gas reservoir in Gucheng area,Tarim Basin,NW China

Based on seismic, drilling data and experimental analysis, the characteristics and main controlling factors of shoal dolomite gas reservoir in the third member of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Gucheng area, Tarim basin were examined.The study shows that the dolomite gas reservoir in Gucheng area is lithologic gas reservoir controlled by shoal and fault jointly,and its formation is mainly attributed to the following factors:(1) The continuously developing paleotectonic structure has been in the direction of gas migration and accumulation;(2) The large area of medium-high energy grain bank deposited in gentle slope environment is the material basis for the formation of dolomite reservoir;(3) Atmospheric water leaching and dolomitization and fluid dissolution in fault zone are the key factors for the formation of high-quality dolomite reservoir;(4)The natural gas comes from cracking of the ancient oil reservoir and hydrocarbon generation of dispersed organic matter in source rocks, and the NNE-trending strike-slip fault is the dominant channel for vertical migration of natural gas;(5) Limestone cap rocks in the first and second members of Yingshan Formation provide direct sealing for the formation of gas reservoir there. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, it is pointed out that the Gucheng area has three grain shoal zones in the third member of Yingshan Formation in nearly S-N direction, which together with seven strike-slip fault zones in NNE direction control the development of shoal dolomite gas reservoir.

Factors controlling the formation and evolution of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin

The types and quality of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation are the key factors affecting the distributions of various deep gas reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression in Songliao Basin.To clarify the quality differences and origins of different types of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,this study reconstructed the sedimentary and water environment,determined the controlling effects of fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary environment on the quality of various source rocks,by making full use of seismic,logging,core,organic geochemical and element geochemical analysis.The results show that two types of source rocks developed in the Shahezi Formation,namely,mudstones and coals.The mudstones have a relatively high abundance of organic matter,which consists of type-Ⅱ kerogen and partial type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are concentrated in Sha-I Member.The coals have a high abundance of organic matter,which consist of type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are mainly distributed in Sha-Ⅱ Member.During the deposition of Sha-I Member,intense fault activity formed arrow,deep-water lacustrine basins with high salinity and strong reducibility on the downthrow sides of faults.During the deposition of Sha-II Member,fault activity progressively weakened,and the areas of lacustrine basins enlarged to their maximum values and became wide,shallow-water basins with low salinity and low reducibility.The development of source rocks was controlled by fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary environment.Fault activity formed accommodation space on the downthrown sides of faults for mudstone accumulation,thus determining mudstone thickness.The sedimentary environment controlled the organic matter input and determined the distribution of mudstones and coals.The paleo-sedimentary environment,which consisted of paleo-salinity,as well as paleo-water depth and redox conditions,affected the accumulation and preservation of organic matter and is the main controlling factor for the quality difference of various source rocks in the Shahezi Formation.

塔里木盆地北部奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏成因类型及特征再认识

前人提出的“断溶体”油藏概念,现已成为海相碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探开发的新目标、新类型。但断溶体油藏与传统的风化壳型喀斯特油藏有显著差别,断溶体储集体类型、结构特点也存在差异。研究断溶体溶蚀作用和构造破裂作用的差异性,将断溶体划分为过溶蚀残留型、破碎+强溶蚀型和强破碎+弱溶蚀型3种类型。研究表明不同成因类型的断溶体油藏,其溶蚀程度、缝洞规模、累产油量、地层能量和缝洞间连通性差异明显。过溶蚀残留型油藏的分布受风化壳不整合面及断裂带的纵向溶蚀作用控制。破碎+强溶蚀型及强破碎+弱溶蚀型油藏的形成和分布与不整合面的发育和构造位置关系不大,主要受溶蚀断裂带“破碎+溶蚀程度”控制,在溶蚀断裂带核部发育规模较大的洞穴,向两侧逐步发育裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型储层。

深层断溶体油气藏钻完井储层保护技术挑战与对策

深层断溶体油气藏储层裂缝发育,易导致大量工作液漏失,造成严重储层损害。以顺北区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为例,考虑储层超深、超高压、超高温与断裂带特点,综合工区钻井液漏失情况、储层物性特征、矿物组成和裂缝发育情况,结合流体敏感性、应力敏感性与储层润湿性评价,揭示了深层断溶体油气藏储层损害机理。钻井液漏失是深层断溶体油气藏最重要的储层损害方式,岩体结构破碎、储层非均质性强、走滑断层裂缝缝面光滑及高温长井段循环进一步加大了储层保护的难度;通过采用控压钻井技术,结合抗高温高酸溶屏蔽暂堵技术与抗高温强滞留堵漏技术,可以达到较好的储层保护效果;根据深层断溶体碳酸盐岩油气藏裂缝发育特征,钻进全程加入高强度架桥材料,利用鳞片状岩屑作为填充材料,达到钻井过程防漏与开发过程预防裂缝应力敏感性的效果,实现漏失控制—储层保护—增产增渗的一体化目标。

塔里木盆地塔河北部“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体发育特征及其成因

为了研究塔里木盆地塔河北部强剥蚀区海西早期古岩溶洞穴发育特征,用古地貌恢复、岩溶水系统分析、测井-岩心洞穴识别和地震属性刻画等方法进行了YQ5井区的洞穴类型样式识别、缝洞结构刻画和洞穴成因演化研究。研究结果表明:YQ5井区在塔河油田Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号古岩溶台地北部的地势平缓区,总体为多期次岩溶叠加改造后的残留地貌,主要发育幅差较小的溶峰洼地、溶丘洼地和溶丘平原,南部发育NE向展布的峰丛垄脊沟谷。与塔河油田主体区及斜坡区不同,YQ5井区地下和地表水系的流向与地貌趋势不一致,岩溶水系统遭受构造作用破坏,导致补给、径流和排泄的岩溶水循环过程不完整。YQ5井区主要发育暗河型洞穴和“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体。暗河型洞穴充填较为严重,洞穴的有效储集空间受到破坏,影响油气开发效果。岩溶台地的构造抬升造成区域侵蚀基准面的下降,顺走滑断裂的垂向侵蚀作用有利于“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的持续发育和保存,油气开发效果好。“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的发育主控因素为走滑断裂、地层剥蚀强度和负向地貌。与塔河古岩溶台地演化过程一致,YQ5井区的岩溶演化经历深切曲流期、岩溶改造期和下渗断溶期3个阶段。暗河型洞穴被持续改造破坏,断溶体则持续建造。

塔里木盆地兰尕与和田河断裂带变形特征及成藏演化模式

塔里木盆地中部发育北北东向—近南北向“半走滑-半逆冲”的“Y”字形逆冲滑脱断裂,其构造样式与邻区断裂差异较大,两侧断裂体系也不同,目前对其形成机制和构造演化特征的认识尚不清楚。通过对和田河与兰尕断裂带的构造解析,研究其形成机制与演化特征;通过与塔河油田兰尕断裂带油气成藏特征对比,分析和田河断裂带油气运移聚集特征。研究表明:兰尕及和田河半走滑-半逆冲的“Y”字型逆冲滑脱断裂带形成于加里东晚期,向下收敛为走滑断裂,向上逆冲至志留纪地层内,形成断背斜。区域地应力是这2条断裂带形成的主要原因。早奥陶世末,受西南、东南和北部3面应力作用,塔北隆起形成大规模北北东向和北北西向走滑断裂,巴楚隆起形成北北东向走滑断裂。加里东运动晚期,受东昆仑和南天山洋挤压作用,形成向下收敛为走滑断裂、向上逆冲至志留纪地层内的逆冲滑脱断裂,并切割走滑断裂,使逆冲断裂上盘走滑断裂再活动,形成的缝网规模及破碎程度远比下盘及其他区域大。在后期构造运动作用下,逆冲断裂带内走滑断裂继承发育,并错断逆冲断裂。兰尕断裂带内发育两种有利成藏模式:①主干北北东向走滑断裂横向交切上倾断溶体油气成藏模式;②油气沿次级北北东向走滑断裂分段富集的断溶体油气成藏模式。海西运动晚期,和田河构造带沿主干断裂充注的油气向次级北北东向走滑断裂控制的缝洞型储层侧向调整,发育断溶体油气藏,油气沿断裂带分段富集。因此,南部背斜区北北东向断溶体为有利勘探目标。

塔河油田良里塔格组迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统发育特征

为了明确塔河油田上奥陶统良里塔格组迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统的样式和结构,利用古地貌恢复、古水系刻画、测井地层对比、构造断裂解析、地震属性刻画等方法,进行了塔河油田11区的古水文地貌恢复、岩溶层组格架构建、岩溶洞穴识别和成因模式分析。结果表明:塔河油田南部加里东运动中期Ⅱ幕古地貌西北高、东南低,发育北北西—南南东向树枝状地表深切沟谷,良里塔格组发育近水平状分布、闭合管道结构及溶蚀强度较高的迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统;良里塔格组岩溶洞穴系统与澳大利亚Judbarra地区Bullita洞穴系统成因相似,属于典型的表生岩溶扩散下渗型迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统;上奥陶统恰尔巴克组泥岩段为隔水层,控制了良里塔格组迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统的侧向溶蚀作用;沟通地表水系的断裂为岩溶水主要下渗溶蚀通道,随着区域基准面下降,岩溶水沿断裂下渗进入中奥陶统,中奥陶统一间房组形成断溶体。塔河油田加里东运动中期Ⅱ幕表生岩溶“双层”迷宫型岩溶洞穴系统的认识对上奥陶统油藏开发具有重要意义。

顺北油气田断溶体油藏产量预测模型研究及应用

Arps递减曲线方程是油气田开发初期产量预测中应用较为普遍的方法,基本是参考类似油藏拟合参数以定压差生产为开发政策指导进行产量预测,对于顺北断溶体油藏地层压力下降明显,且储集层在地饱压差内的非线性流动特征明显,存在唯一的非线性惯性阻力,无法通过描述线性流动特征的采油指数来表征,存在误差较大、产量预测结果单一的缺点。通过分析顺北油气田产量递减特征,基于物质平衡原理,构建动态储量模型,结合顺北油气田通用产能方程和产能评价指标成果,形成了新的断溶体油藏弹性驱产量预测方法,用于指导断溶体油藏弹性驱开发阶段的生产管理,有更高的适应性和准确率,也为断溶体油藏开展产能建设方案经济评价优化、指导油井开发政策奠定了基础、提供多开发政策方案决策支撑。

断溶体油藏追踪油水界面变化的新方法

在底水驱动型断溶体油藏中确定原始油水界面及追踪动态油水界面变化一直是制约剩余油预测的重要难题。此文聚焦油水界面的油藏本质,精细量化了储集体的孔隙体积,开发动态数据试井化处理计算水油体积比,动静结合等比例分配油水体积计算出原始油水界面。在油藏内部划分出油水界面,后期根据水驱动用过程评估曲线划分水驱阶段,追踪动态油水界面变化,避免陷入前期常规方法选取参数困难、计算误差大的困境。开发实践证实该方法得到的结果误差小,计算方便快捷,具有推广应用前景。

托普台南区块断溶体油藏栅状断片结构数值模拟

塔河油田托普台南区块断溶体油藏开发初期产量高,后期暴性水淹和快速见水井多,产量递减快,针对此类特征,目前尚未建立较好的模拟方法。结合断溶体油藏岩溶特征、地震特征、实钻井井储关系以及三带结构提出断溶体油藏栅状断片结构,根据此认识,通过融合断层自动提取技术和蚂蚁体属性,得到断裂指示因子,用以刻画栅状断片储集体,利用张量属性刻画溶蚀孔洞型储集体,建立双重介质组分模型,开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:栅状断片结构是断溶体油藏的主要导流通道;断裂指示因子比断层自动提取技术和最大似然更适合表征栅状断片结构,并在通水源处与张量属性匹配度高,在其他区域匹配性差;与单重介质模型相比,基于栅状断片结构的双重介质模型拟合精度更高,更能反映断溶体油藏生产动态特征。

断溶体油藏井洞垂向窜流试井解释模型

断溶体油气藏储层类型多样,非均质性极强,常规多重孔隙介质模型以及简单溶洞等势体模型难以广泛应用。文中针对断溶体油藏复杂的地质特征,考虑大溶洞向井筒的垂向窜流以及小尺度缝洞储集体分别向井筒和大溶洞的径向供给作用,建立了双层双重孔隙介质井洞垂向窜流试井解释模型;利用Laplace变换方法获得井底压力解,绘制井底压力典型曲线并划分流动段,对窜流通道传导率、大溶洞半径、裂缝传导系数比等参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:窜流通道传导率主要影响早期窜流“下凹”特征,数值过大或过小均会导致早期窜流“下凹”特征减弱甚至消失;大溶洞半径与大溶洞储容比也主要影响早期窜流“下凹”特征,数值越大,“下凹”特征越明显;裂缝系统传导系数比和裂缝储容比主要影响中、晚期的窜流“下凹”特征。该研究结果对复杂断溶体油藏储集体参数评价具有重要意义。

顺北地区断控缝洞体测井响应特征和类型识别方法

顺北地区断控缝洞体蕴藏有丰富的油气资源,断裂带控制了油气运移和聚集。断裂带结构复杂,发育断层、裂缝等多种储集空间,断层中充填不同物质。多种类型的储集空间和充填物导致常规测井响应复杂,加之研究区测井资料不尽相同,断控缝洞体类型识别困难。依据录井和电成像测井等信息,确定了未充填断裂洞穴型、角砾充填断裂洞穴型、泥质充填断裂洞穴型和裂缝型4种断控缝洞体类型。分析了单井测井资料,包括各种测线曲线、无密度测井曲线、无密度和无能谱测井曲线、无密度和无中子测井曲线、无密度和无中子以及无能谱测井曲线和无中子和无能谱测井曲线共6种情况。对比不同类型断控缝洞体的自然伽马、无铀伽马、声波时差、中子、密度、深侧向和浅侧向电阻率等测井响应差异,将测井响应两两组合进行交会分析,优选出5个对断控缝洞体类型敏感的测井响应交会图版,结合不同的测井资料情况,形成4套逐级识别断控缝洞体类型的流程,建立了一种利用常规测井资料识别断控缝洞体类型的方法。应用该方法对顺北地区实际井资料进行处理解释,识别结果与岩心、电成像测井解释结论一致。该识别方法能满足研究区各种测井曲线资料情况的断控缝洞体类型识别需求,识别结果为断裂带内部结构解释提供有效支撑。