A Quantitative Method for Evaluating the Transporting Capacity of Oil-Source Faults in Shallow Formation of Oil-Rich Sags

Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.

Void Fraction Measurement in Oil-Gas Transportation Pipeline Using an Improved Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

To measure the void fraction online in oil-gas pipeline, an improved electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system has been designed. The capacitance sensor with new structure has twelve internal electrodes and overcomes the influence of the pipe wall. The data collection system is improved by using high performance IC (integrated circuit). Static tests of bubble flow, stratified flow and annular flow regime are carried out. Measurements are taken on bubble flow, stratified flow and slug flow. Results show that the new ECT system performs well on void fraction measurement of bubble flow and stratified flow, but the error of measurement for slug flow is more than 10%.

Experimental Study and Simulation Principles of An Oil-Gas Multiphase Transportation System

Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.

Dynamic response of mountain tunnel,bridge,and embankment along the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor to active fault based on model tests

The Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on different engineering structures,their combined effect remains unclear.This research employed multiple physical model tests to investigate the dynamic response of various engineering structures,including tunnels,bridges,and embankments,under the simultaneous influence of cumulative earthquakes and stick-slip misalignment of an active fault.The prototype selected for this study was the Kanding No.2 tunnel,which crosses the Yunongxi fault zone within the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor.The results demonstrated that the tunnel,bridge,and embankment exhibited amplification in response to the input seismic wave,with the amplification effect gradually decreasing as the input peak ground acceleration(PGA)increased.The PGAs of different engineering structures were weakened by the fault rupture zone.Nevertheless,the misalignment of the active fault may decrease the overall stiffness of the engineering structure,leading to more severe damage,with a small contribution from seismic vibration.Additionally,the seismic vibration effect might be enlarged with the height of the engineering structure,and the tunnel is supposed to have a smaller PGA and lower dynamic earth pressure compared to bridges and embankments in strong earthquake zones crossing active faults.The findings contribute valuable insights for evaluating the dynamic response of various engineering structures crossing an active fault and provide an experimental reference for secure engineering design in the challenging conditions of the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor.

Unveiling phonon frequency-dependent mechanism of heat transport across stacking fault in silicon carbide

Stacking faults(SFs)are often present in silicon carbide(SiC)and affect its thermal and heat-transport properties.However,it is unclear how SFs influence thermal transport.Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics simulations,we studied phonon transport in SiC materials with an SF.Compared to perfect SiC materials,the SF can reduce thermal conductivity.This is caused by the additional interface thermal resistance(ITR)of SF,which is difficult to capture by the previous phenomenological models.By analyzing the spectral heat flux,we find that SF reduces the contribution of low-frequency(7.5 THz-12 THz)phonons to the heat flux,which can be attributed to SF reducing the phonon lifetime and group velocity,especially in the low-frequency range.The SF hinders phonon transport and results in an effective interface thermal resistance around the SF.Our results provide insight into the microscopic mechanism of the effect of defects on heat transport and have guiding significance for the regulation of the thermal conductivity of materials.

Application of Nonlinear Triangular Fuzzy Fault Tree Algorithm in Predicting Lithium Battery Air Transport Accidents

The traditional triangular fuzzy fault tree prediction model adopts the linear approximation method.Therefore,the accident prediction error is large.Based on the analysis of the error sources and the fuzzy set,the precise calculation method of the event at the top of the fault tree is given.By using the numerical calculation software,an accurate calculation method of nonlinear triangular fuzzy accident prediction was adopted to predict lithium battery air transport fire accidents,and the fuzzy importance of the cause event was calculated.

Geological risk assessment of traffic engineering construction among 7.0-8.5 magnitude earthquake areas:Practice from the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

At least 13 active fault zones have developed in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,and there have been undergone 17 MS≥7.0 earthquakes,the largest earthquake is 1950 Chayu MS 8.5 earthquake,which has very strong seismic activity.Therefore,carrying out engineering construction in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor is a huge challenge for geological technological personnel.To determining the spatial geometric distribution,activity of active faults and geological safety risk in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.Based on remote sensing images,ground surveys,and chronological tests,as well as the deep geophysical and current GPS data,we investigated the geometry,segmentation,and paleoearthquake history of five major active fault zones in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,namely the Xianshuihe,Litang,Batang,Jiali-Chayu and Lulang-Yigong.The five major fault zones are all Holocene active faults,which contain strike-slip components as well as thrust or normal fault components,and contain multiple branch faults.The Selaha-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone,the Maoyaba and Litang segment of the Litang fault zone,the middle segment(Yigong-Tongmai-Bomi)of Jiali-Chayu fault zone and Lulang-Yigong fault zone have the risk of experiencing strong earthquakes in the future,with a high possibility of the occurrence of MS≥7.0 earthquakes.The Jinsha River and the Palong-Zangbu River,which is a high-risk area for geological hazard chain risk in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.Construction and safe operation Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,need strengthen analysis the current crustal deformation,stress distribution and fault activity patterns,clarify active faults relationship with large earthquakes,and determine the potential maximum magnitude,epicenters,and risk range.This study provides basic data for understanding the activity,seismicity,and tectonic deformation patterns of the regional faults in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.

Study on fault-controlled hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process and models in Zhu I Depression

Through the analysis of the faults and their internal structure in Zhu I Depression,it is found that the internal structure of the late fault is obviously segmented vertically.It develops unitary structure(simple fault plane)in shallow layers,binary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in footwall)in middle,layers and ternary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in middle,and induced fracture zone in footwall)in deep layers.Because the induced fracture zone is a high porosity and permeability zone,and the sliding fracture zone is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability zone,the late fault in middle layers has the character of"transporting while sealing".The late fault can transport hydrocarbon by its induced fracture zone in the side of the hanging wall and seal hydrocarbon by its sliding fracture zone in the side of the footwall.In deep layers,the late fault has the character of"dual-transportation",induced fracture zones in both sides of hanging wall and footwall can transport hydrocarbon.The early fault that only developed in the deep layers is presumed to be unitary structure,which plays a completely sealing role in the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation due to inactivity during the hydrocarbon filling period.Controlled by hydrocarbon source,early/late faults,sand bodies and traps,two reservoir-forming models of"inverted L"and"stereo-spiral"can be proposed in middle layers,while two reservoir-forming models of"cross fault"and"lateral fault sealing"are developed in the deep layers of Zhu I Depression.

Ethernet Implementation of Fault Tolerant Train Network for Entertainment and Mixed Control Traffic

This paper studies the integration of the control system and entertainment on board of train wagons. Both the control and entertainment loads are implemented on top of Gigabit Ethernet, each with a dedicated controller/server. The control load has mixed sampling periods. It is proven that this system can tolerate the failure of one controller in one wagon. In a two wagon scenario, fault tolerance at the controller level is studied, and simulation results show that the system can tolerate the failure of 3 controllers. The system is successful in meeting the packet end-to-end delay with zero packet loss in all OPNET simulated scenarios. The maximum permissible entertainment load is determined for the fault tolerant scenarios.

自动扶梯选型故障分析

自动扶梯的运行质量至关重要,该文通过介绍自动扶梯的选型、土建的勘测处理、安装与维护过程中的故障实例,从技术角度对案例进行分析,保障扶梯的安全可靠运行,提供舒适的乘坐体验。

考虑电力-交通交互的配电网故障下电动汽车充电演化特性

由于配电网与交通网间的耦合交互作用,高渗透率电动汽车接入下的配电网故障可能对两网的运行产生扩大影响,厘清故障下电动汽车充电负荷对电网和交通网运行状态的影响以及充电站充电负荷分布是及时阻断故障影响的基础。针对此,提出了考虑电力-交通交互的配电网故障下充电特征演化分析方法。首先,考虑配电网故障下充电负荷变化对配电网的影响,提出了计及充电负荷变化灵敏度的变步长重复潮流模型以计算配电网最大供电能力。其次,结合用户有限理性决策和动态交通均衡,构建了配电网故障影响下的交通运行状态演化模型。进一步,以电动汽车出行和充电为耦合单元,基于改进的Davidson函数描述供电能力对充电行为的影响,建立了两网交互的作用关系。最后,仿真分析了考虑网络耦合的配电网故障下充电负荷演化规律及其影响。

少断裂深水油气成藏模式与有利区优选——以圭亚那盆地上白垩统为例

为明确少断裂深水油气运移机理与成藏富集模式,以圭亚那盆地上白垩统为对象,利用地震、测井、钻井及烃源岩测试分析等资料,研究盆地上白垩统石油地质特征,明确研究区成藏模式,划分勘探有利区。结果表明:烃源岩为土伦阶—康尼亚克阶沉积的巨厚黑色页岩,TOC质量分数为4%~7%,有机质类型以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型为主;储层为坎潘阶—马斯特里赫特阶水道、堤岸、朵叶亚相砂岩;主要盖层为古近纪早期沉积的泥岩与物性较差的巨厚粉砂岩。盆地陆坡区发育砂体叠置—断层斜向型运移体系,形成“源—储紧邻、断—砂匹配、水道聚集”的成藏模式;深水区发育砂体叠置—裂缝垂向型运移体系,形成“源—储分离、缝—砂匹配、高点聚集”的成藏模式。盆地中心深水区烃源岩发育与水道发育叠合区为勘探首选目标,北部堤岸发育与烃源岩发育叠合区或未与烃源岩重合的水道发育地区为勘探的第二选择。该结果对相似地质条件的盆地勘探具有指导意义。

高速列车受限自适应有限次迭代学习容错控制

为研究高速列车(High-Speed Train, HST)自动运行系统在执行器故障和速度受限下的速度控制问题,本文提出一种有限次运行收敛的受限自适应迭代学习容错控制(Finite-Iteration Constrained Adaptive Iterative Learning Fault-Tolerant Control, FI-CAILFTC)方法。首先,基于障碍组合能量函数(Barrier Composite Energy Function, BCEF)构建沿迭代域方向有限次运行收敛条件,并且利用所期望任意跟踪精度计算所需运行次数,同时,指导控制器参数选择,以保证HST有限次运行收敛性;其次,设计具有自适应容错能力的迭代学习控制算法,对未知时变且迭代变化的执行器故障进行自适应估计和补偿;再次,针对HST运行过程中超速问题,在所设计容错控制器基础上,加入超速防护机制,保证HST实际运行速度始终满足速度约束,保障列车安全运行;最后,以CRH-3型高速动车组列车作为研究对象,对设计的控制方法进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:FI-CAILFTC方法下,HST速度跟踪误差在预先计算出的第17次迭代后达到期望控制精度0.2,相较于对比算法,控制精度分别提高了90.70%和90.22%;FI-CAILFTC有更快的收敛速度和更好的自适应容错能力;HST实际运行速度始终主动满足速度受限。

运输机类飞机液压系统故障模拟试飞方法

液压系统是飞机的关键系统之一,在飞机安全运行中发挥着重要作用。液压系统故障模拟试飞是运输类飞机设计定型的重要科目,该文介绍某型机液压故障模拟试飞方法,首先对试验对象和条款要求进行剖析,介绍试飞科目的选取原则,以及常用的液压系统故障注入方式,对试飞过程中的注意事项和试飞风险进行简要分析和总结,在此基础上给出具体试飞方法,可为后续型号的试飞提供经验和借鉴。

松辽盆地他拉海地区萨、葡油层断砂输导油气能力主控因素与油气富集规律

为了研究松辽盆地北部他拉海地区萨、葡油层油气富集规律,在萨、葡油层油气成藏模式及输导油气通道构成研究的基础上,通过分析断裂和砂体输导油气能力主控因素及其分布特征,结合油气富集特征,对断砂输导油气能力影响因素与油气富集关系进行研究。结果表明:他拉海地区油源断裂输导油气能力的主控因素是成藏期古断距和下伏青一段源岩排烃强度,下伏青一段源岩排烃强度与葡萄花油层油气富集之间关系密切,是造成其油气主要分布在东部的主要原因;油源断裂古断距与萨尔图油层油气富集关系密切,是造成其油气主要分布在西部的主要原因;砂体输导油气能力主控影响因素是古构造脊和优势相砂体发育及分布,古构造脊发育及分布与萨、葡油层油气富集关系密切,其发育及分布是造成油气主要富集在其东部和中北部的主要原因。研究成果为以断砂输导体系为主的勘探地区油气成藏分析提供理论参考。

油气沿断层垂向运移特征及主控因素分析——以东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡为例

东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡油气纵向富集差异受断层控制作用明显,但断层活动期与成藏期匹配关系差,油气成藏时断层处于不活跃期(简称静止断层),明确油气沿静止断层垂向运移特征及影响因素,可以为西湖凹陷或相似地区油气勘探提供理论依据。为此,综合测井、录井、地震等资料和包裹体均一温度及盐度、岩石热解等分析测试数据,研究平湖斜坡油气供烃层系与成藏期次,确定油气沿静止断层垂向运移特征及影响因素。结果表明,平湖斜坡供烃层系为宝石组和平湖组好—优质的成熟烃源岩,油气纵向上主要富集于平中段—平上段,具有下生上储的运聚特征。存在玉泉组—柳浪组沉积期和三潭组沉积期至今两期油气充注,断层主要活动时间为宝石组—龙井组沉积期,与成藏期匹配关系差,油气晚期沿静止断裂带发生了垂向运移。油气能够沿静止断层垂向运移的影响因素包括断裂带宽度、烃源岩层压力和断裂带排替压力。研究区断裂带宽度分布在138~288m之间,与油气垂向运移距离呈正相关关系。烃源岩层压力经历了复杂的演化过程,成藏期压力略低于现今,但已发育弱超压或超压,现今和成藏期压力系数越高,油气垂向运移距离越大。断裂带排替压力主要分布在0.2~3.5MPa之间,与油气垂向运移距离呈负相关关系。基于3个影响因素与油气垂向运移距离的相关关系,建立了断层垂向输导能力定量评价公式,评价结果与油气最大运移距离具有明显的正相关性,据此确定了平湖斜坡有利勘探层系为F2和F5断层附近的平湖组和花下段。

井下胶带运输机中减速器断轴的分析

随着煤矿开采工艺的升级,在挖掘效率不断提高下,虽然可以提高矿企的经济效益,不过也带给井下胶带运输机较大的运行压力,容易在超载、环境等多方面因素影响下频繁出现减速器断轴问题,一定程度会降低井下煤炭运输的安全性。如何有效结合常见的减速器断轴问题进行处理,也成为当前很多矿企需要考虑的问题,为此本文会先概述减速器的运行,然后分析影响断轴的各因素,最后提出针对性的解决策略,以期望可以降低减速器的故障率,满足矿企的可持续发展需要。

煤矿皮带运输系统可靠性分析研究

结合煤矿皮带运输系统的原煤运输流程,对系统中关键设备的故障进行分析,建立基于流程的故障树分析模型。进一步通过故障树定性和定量分析,得出故障树顶事件发生的最小割集,同时通过不同角度分析出系统的关键底事件,发现系统的薄弱环节。

基于PLC控制系统的皮带运输机故障报警设计和实现

设计了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制系统的皮带运输机故障报警系统,旨在提高煤炭生产过程中皮带运输机的工作效率,并能及时预警故障。该系统采用了改进的EEMD算法,以提高齿轮箱故障特征提取效率,实现更高的输出信号信噪比和较低的信号失真度。同时,该系统引入了机器学习驱动的随机数生成模块,增强了算法的方向性,加速了改进的EEMD算法的收敛循环。通过采用改进的EEMD算法深度挖掘系统数据,并建立皮带运输机故障诊断预警体系,能有效提升皮带运输机故障报警效率,在煤炭生产领域中有着重要的工程应用价值。