Effect analysis of applying high-quality service model to surgical nursing

BACKGROUND Surgical care of the hand plays a crucial role in the medical field,as problems with the hand can profoundly affect a patient's quality of life and function.In order to meet the needs of patients,improve patient satisfaction and improve treatment outcomes,high-quality service models have been introduced in the field of nursing.AIM To explore the effect analysis of applying high-quality service model to surgical nursing.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent hand surgery at our hospital between 2019 and 2022,using a quality service model that included improved patient education,pain management,care team collaboration,and effective communication.Another group of patients received traditional care as a control group.We compared postoperative recovery,satisfaction,complication rate,and length of hospital stay between the two groups.Inferential statistics were used to compare the difference between the two groups by independent sample t test,Chi-square test and other methods to evaluate the effect of intervention measures.RESULTS Postoperative recovery time decreased from 17.8±2.3 d to 14.5±2.1 d,pain score decreased from 4.7±1.9 to 3.2±1.4,and hand function score increased from 78.4±7.1 to 88.5±6.2.In terms of patient satisfaction,the quality service model group scored 87.3±5.6 points,which was significantly higher than that of the traditional care group(74.6±6.3 points).At the same time,patients'understanding of medical information also improved from 6.9±1.4 to 8.6±1.2.In terms of postoperative complications,the application of the quality service model reduced the incidence of postoperative complications from 26%to 10%,the incidence of infection from 12%to 5%,and the incidence of bleeding from 10%to 3%.The reduction in these data indicates that the quality service model plays a positive role in reducing the risk of complications.In addition,the average hospital stay of patients in the quality service model group was shortened from 6.8±1.5 d to 5.2±1.3 d,and the hospitalization cost was also reduced from 2800±600 yuan to 2500±500 yuan.CONCLUSION Applying a quality service model to hand surgery care can significantly improve patient clinical outcomes,including faster recovery,less pain,greater satisfaction,and reduced complication rates.

Animal models of pancreatitis: Can it be translated to human pain study?

Chronic pancreatitis affects many individuals around the world,and the study of the underlying mechanisms leading to better treatment possibilities are important tasks.Therefore,animal models are needed to illustrate the basic study of pancreatitis.Recently,animal models of acute and chronic pancreatitis have been thoroughly reviewed,but few reviews address the important aspect on the translation of animal studies to human studies.It is well known that pancreatitis is associated with epigastric pain,but the understanding regarding to mechanisms and appropriate treatment of this pain is still unclear.Using animal models to study pancreatitis associated visceral pain is difficult,however,these types of models are a unique way to reveal the mechanisms behind pancreatitis associated visceral pain.In this review,the animal models of acute,chronic and un-common pancreatitis are briefly outlined and animal models related to pancreatitis associated visceral pain are also addressed.

Predictive model for acute abdominal pain after transarterial chemoembolization for liver cancer

BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver cancer;however,TACE is associated with postembolization pain.AIM To analyze the risk factors for acute abdominal pain after TACE and establish a predictive model for postembolization pain.METHODS From January 2018 to September 2018,all patients with liver cancer who underwent TACE at our hospital were included.General characteristics;clinical,imaging,and procedural data;and postembolization pain were analyzed.Postembolization pain was defined as acute moderate-to-severe abdominal pain within 24 h after TACE.Logistic regression and a classification and regression tree were used to develop a predictive model.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the efficacy of the predictive model.RESULTS We analyzed 522 patients who underwent a total of 582 TACE procedures.Ninety-seven(16.70%)episodes of severe pain occurred.A predictive model built based on the dataset from classification and regression tree analysis identified known invasion of blood vessels as the strongest predictor of subsequent performance,followed by history of TACE,method of TACE,and history of abdominal pain after TACE.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736[95%confidence interval(CI):0.682-0.789],the sensitivity was 73.2%,the specificity was 65.6%,and the negative predictive value was 92.4%.Logistic regression produced similar results by identifying age[odds ratio(OR)=0.971;95%CI:0.951-0.992;P=0.007),history of TACE(OR=0.378;95%CI:0.189-0.757;P=0.007),history of abdominal pain after TACE(OR=6.288;95%CI:2.963-13.342;P<0.001),tumor size(OR=1.978;95%CI:1.175-3.330;P=0.01),multiple tumors(OR=2.164;95%CI:1.243-3.769;P=0.006),invasion of blood vessels(OR=1.756;95%CI:1.045-2.950;P=0.034),and TACE with drug-eluting beads(DEBTACE)(OR=2.05;95%CI:1.260-3.334;P=0.004)as independent predictive factors for postembolization pain.CONCLUSION Blood vessel invasion,TACE history,TACE with drug-eluting beads,and history of abdominal pain after TACE are predictors of acute moderate-to-severe pain.The predictive model may help medical staff to manage pain.

Analgesic effect of intrathecal bumetanide is accompanied by changes in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.

Possible implications of animal models for the assessment of visceral pain

Acute pain,provoked generally after the activation of peripheral nociceptors,is an adaptive sensory function that alerts the individual to avoid noxious stimuli.However,uncontrolled acute pain has a maladaptive role in sensory activity leading to development of a chronic pain state which persists even after the damage is resolved,or in some cases,in the absence of an initial local acute injury.Huge numbers of people suffer from visceral pain at least once during their life span,leading to substantial health care costs.Although studies reporting on the mechanism of visceral pain are accumulating,it is still not precisely understood.Therefore,this review aims to elucidate the mechanism of visceral pain through an evaluation of different animal models and their application to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treating visceral pain.To assess the nociceptive responses in viscera,several visceral pain models such as inflammatory,traction,stress and genetic models utilizing different methods of measurement have been devised.Among them,the inflammatory and traction models are widely used for studying the visceral pain mechanism of different disease conditions and post-operative surgery in humans and animals.A hapten,2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS),has been extensively used as an inflammatory agent to induce visceral pain.The traction model seems to cause a strong pain stimulation and autonomic reaction and could thus be the most appropriate model for studying the underlying visceral pain mechanism and for probing the therapeutic efficacies of various anesthetic and analgesics for the treatment of visceral pain and hyperalgesia.

Regression Modeling of Individual-Patient Correlated Discrete Outcomes with Applications to Cancer Pain Ratings

Purpose: To formulate and demonstrate methods for regression modeling of probabilities and dispersions for individual-patient longitudinal outcomes taking on discrete numeric values. Methods: Three alternatives for modeling of outcome probabilities are considered. Multinomial probabilities are based on different intercepts and slopes for probabilities of different outcome values. Ordinal probabilities are based on different intercepts and the same slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Censored Poisson probabilities are based on the same intercept and slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Parameters are estimated with extended linear mixed modeling maximizing a likelihood-like function based on the multivariate normal density that accounts for within-patient correlation. Formulas are provided for gradient vectors and Hessian matrices for estimating model parameters. The likelihood-like function is also used to compute cross-validation scores for alternative models and to control an adaptive modeling process for identifying possibly nonlinear functional relationships in predictors for probabilities and dispersions. Example analyses are provided of daily pain ratings for a cancer patient over a period of 97 days. Results: The censored Poisson approach is preferable for modeling these data, and presumably other data sets of this kind, because it generates a competitive model with fewer parameters in less time than the other two approaches. The generated probabilities for this model are distinctly nonlinear in time while the dispersions are distinctly nonconstant over time, demonstrating the need for adaptive modeling of such data. The analyses also address the dependence of these daily pain ratings on time and the daily numbers of pain flares. Probabilities and dispersions change differently over time for different numbers of pain flares. Conclusions: Adaptive modeling of daily pain ratings for individual cancer patients is an effective way to identify nonlinear relationships in time as well as in other predictors such as the number of pain flares.

Research on Innovative Model Based on Solving Demand Pain Points in Software Development

Software development is an important part of computer technology.only by ensuring the applicability and efficiency of the software can it really improve the efficiency of production and life,and truly inject new power into the economic benefits of the industry.As the theoretical basis of software development,the software development model directly determines the quality of software development.In this paper,starting with information technology as an important tool to improve modern management,it brings out the difficulties and pain points in the analysis of software development needs,and first puts forward the software development innovation model for building a composite core users.It takes core users with compound qualities and capabilities as the main line and guides the entire development process to enable both parties to communicate accurately and solve the pain points of demand communication,function optimization and project control to the greatest extent.Exploring application innovation in the software development model can promote innovation in the software industry.

从创新扩散视角看优质医疗资源扩容影响因素——基于中国胸痛中心建设的实证研究

目的:本研究在创新扩散理论视角下,分析中国胸痛中心扩散影响因素,为优质医疗资源扩容提供参考依据。方法:收集我国内地地区31个省级行政区2014-2022年胸痛中心面板数据,以随机效应模型和固定效应模型为基本模型,创新运用空间杜宾模型,定量分析我国胸痛中心建设创新扩散影响因素。结果:固定效应模型与空间杜宾模型结果保持一致。公众需求没有对胸痛中心采用率产生显著影响,政策支持、经济水平、城镇化水平均对胸痛中心采用率产生正向影响。空间杜宾模型进一步证实了公共服务创新扩散存在邻近效应。结论:建议市县各级卫生健康行政部门对辖区胸痛中心建设予以政策支持。采取输送技术、结对帮扶等方式,提高经济发展水平较低地区胸痛中心建设成功率。通过学术会议、交流培训等方式改善农村地区学术信息滞后、信息茧房现状。

寒湿阻滞型腰痛大鼠模型构建及独活寄生汤干预效果的实验研究

目的构建大鼠寒湿阻滞型腰痛动物模型,评估独活寄生汤对该模型的干预效果。方法24只雄性SD大鼠适应性喂养7 d后,随机分为空白组、模型组和独活寄生汤组。空白组仅腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉,模型组、独活寄生汤组在腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉下行“腰椎后柱结构部分切除术”,并在寒湿环境下饲养6周。造模2周后,空白组、模型组予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,独活寄生汤组予独活寄生汤18.6 g/(kg·d)灌胃,均连续灌胃4周。比较各组大鼠一般情况、自发性疼痛行为学评分和神经功能评分,CT三维成像评估脊柱生理曲度形态改变情况,椎间盘组织病理切片评估椎间盘髓核病变程度。结果造模后1周,与空白组比较,模型组、独活寄生汤组开始出现少动、皮毛无光泽、嗜睡蜷缩、反应迟钝、大便稀溏表现,体质量减轻(P<0.05),自发性疼痛行为学评分和神经功能评分升高(P<0.05);给药后3周,与模型组比较,独活寄生汤组疼痛行为学评分和神经功能评分降低(P<0.05)。给药后4周,与模型组比较,独活寄生汤组大鼠脊柱CT三维成像形态退变不明显,椎间盘组织病理切片显示,独活寄生汤组椎间盘髓核病变不明显。结论“腰椎后柱结构部分切除术+寒湿环境饲养”可成功构建SD大鼠寒湿阻滞型腰痛动物模型,独活寄生汤对该模型有较好的干预效果。

基于恐惧-回避模型的康复护理方案在老年慢性心力衰竭患者中的应用

目的减轻老年慢性心力衰竭患者康复运动恐惧心理,促进其运动康复。方法便利抽取70例心内科住院老年慢性心力衰竭患者,按入院时间分为两组各35例;两组均行常规治疗护理,同时对照组行常规康复护理,干预组构建和实施基于恐惧-回避模型的康复运动方案,持续干预至出院后1个月评价效果。结果干预后干预组心功能指标显著优于对照组(均P<0.05),心脏病运动恐惧得分、明尼苏达州心力衰竭生活质量得分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);运动方案实施过程中未发生运动相关不良事件。结论对老年慢性心力衰竭患者实施基于恐惧-回避模型的康复运动方案能减轻患者运动恐惧心理,改善心功能,提高生活质量。

闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的护理效果评价

目的探索闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的镇痛效果及可行性。方法收集2019年12月—2020年6月在江苏省肿瘤医院镇痛门诊首诊并使用阿片类药物(羟考酮缓释片)进行镇痛治疗的癌痛患者112例为研究对象。按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组56例,对照组给予常规管理;观察组接受闭环式管理模式,包括对患者首诊、复诊、定期随访、宣教、用药记录、指导等,同期疼痛门诊专科医师、药师、护士对患者制订个体化规范、合理、有效的镇痛方案及随诊计划,重点解决患者镇痛用药依从性,随诊反馈中存在的问题。两组患者均接受持续1个月的管理,记录并比较两组患者管理前后的服药依从率、数字评分量表(NRS)、爆发痛次数、疼痛控制满意程度,外周血β-内啡肽(β-EP)、前列腺素E-2(PGE-2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、体质状况(KPS)评分,记录两组患者管理后对护理满意程度及管理期间发生的不良反应。结果管理前,两组患者的服药依从率、NRS、爆发痛次数、β-EP、PGE-2、ET-1、KPS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);管理后,观察组患者的服药依从率、镇痛满意程度、β-EP、护理满意程度和KPS评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的NRS、PGE-2、ET-1和不良反应发生程度均低于对照组,爆发痛次数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论闭环式管理模式可有效提升门诊癌痛患者服药依从,有效控制疼痛,改善患者体质。

首发脑卒中患者心理痛苦预测模型的构建及验证

目的调查分析首发脑卒中患者心理痛苦现状及影响因素,构建心理痛苦预测模型,并进行验证。方法通过便利抽样法,选取郑州大学第二附属医院神经康复科2022年3—9月收治的242例首发脑卒中患者为对象,应用心理痛苦温度计(DT)评估患者是否存在明显心理痛苦,收集患者临床资料,通过单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析对患者心理痛苦影响因素进行筛选,绘制列线图构建心理痛苦预测模型,并进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析以验证模型效果。结果242例首发脑卒中患者DT评分结果阳性(DT≥4分)检出126例,心理痛苦发生率为52.07%。logistic回归分析筛选最终预测变量显示,年龄、受教育程度、家庭月收入、卒中损伤程度、自我效能、应对方式、社会支持度、功能独立性均为首发脑卒中患者心理痛苦的独立性影响因素(P<0.05)。模型ROC曲线下面积为0.912(95%CI为0.705~0.943,P<0.05),灵敏度为0.871,特异度为0.825,约登指数为0.696。结论首发脑卒中患者心理痛苦发生率高,影响因素多,构建列线图预测模型有利于医护人员识别预测患者心理痛苦发生风险,为及时采取预防措施提供指导。

退行性腰椎管狭窄患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛的危险因素及风险预测模型构建

目的分析退行性腰椎管狭窄(DLSS)患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛的危险因素及风险预测模型构建。方法本研究采用前瞻性分析,纳入2020年7月至2022年7月南阳市中心医院收治的86例行经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗的DLSS患者为研究对象,术后随访3个月,根据术后下腰痛发生情况,分为发生组和未发生组,分析两组患者临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的影响因素,构建风险预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估风险模型的预测效能。结果随访3个月,86例DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后发生下腰痛患者21例,发生率为24.42%(21/86);发生组骨质疏松、术中清理椎间隙、术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次锻炼时间与未发生组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,骨质疏松、术中清理椎间隙、术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次接受锻炼时间均是DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的危险因素(P<0.05);构建风险模型,验证模型显示C-index值为0.870,具有良好区分度,绘制标准曲线显示,校准曲线和Y-X直线相近,模型准确度良好;对模型预测效能进行验证,结果显示,风险模型评估DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.870,95%CI为0.779~0.961,P<0.001。结论DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生率较高,合并骨质疏松、术中未清理椎间隙、有术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次接受锻炼时间延长均是DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后发生下腰痛的危险因素,基于以上因素构建的风险模型对DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后是否发生下腰痛具有较高的评估价值。

易筋经特定动作“卧虎式”治疗非特异性腰背痛的结构方程建模及相关分析

目的从身体、行为、心理三方面进行多学科整体干预,阐释非特异性腰背痛(non-specific low back pain,NSLBP)的内在机制。方法收集易筋经特定动作“卧虎式”治疗NSLBP的相关表面肌电(surface electromyography,sEMG)信号、三维步态分析系统信号、心理量表结论等,将收集数据通过结构方程方法分析、建模,形成“多裂肌-运动功能-生活质量”特征模型,以期阐述易筋经“卧虎式”训练治疗NSLBP的作用机制。结果NSLBP患者腰部L5~S1多裂肌sEMG信号与治疗前相比显著增加(P<0.05)。患者治疗后步幅、步频、步速、髋屈曲最大角度、膝屈曲最大角度均显著增加(P<0.05);支撑相、摆动相、踝跖屈最大角度均显著降低(P<0.05)。“卧虎式”训练前后患者SF-36评分生理、心理、精神、情感差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);结构方程模型(structural equation model,SEM)表明平均肌电(average electromyography,AEMG)、步长对于Roland-Morris评分、SF-36评分均产生0.001水平的显著影响;AEMG、步长对于Roland-Morris评分、SF-36评分产生正向的影响关系;标准化载荷系数均大于0.6,模型拟合效果良好。结论SEM模型拟合效果良好,模型结果可靠,能够多层面有效阐述易筋经特定动作“卧虎式”治疗NSLBP的作用原理。

“三位一体”无缝隙护理模式在卵巢囊肿剥除术患者中的应用价值分析

目的分析在卵巢囊肿剥除术中应用“三位一体”无缝隙护理模式的价值。方法以随机数字表法将2022年7月至2023年6月于厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院妇科进行治疗的卵巢囊肿患者130例分为对照组和观察组,对照组(65例)围手术期所用护理模式为常规护理,观察组(65例)围手术期应用三位一体无缝隙护理,比较两组术后手术指标恢复用时、术后不同时间疼痛评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)评分、护理满意度与并发症情况。结果观察组术后首次排气、下床活动、导尿管留置、胃肠功能恢复、住院时间等指标恢复用时均短于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组术后4 h、12 h、24 h以及48 h疼痛度评分低于对照组(均P<0.05);干预后,观察组HAMA、HAMD评分以及并发症总发生率均低于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组患者对护理的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将“三位一体”无缝隙护理模式应用于卵巢囊肿剥除术中有助于提高有效性和安全性系数,减少并发症,促进患者术后恢复,而且能够有效改善患者心理状态并提高其满意度。

三叉神经痛动物模型的研究进展

三叉神经痛(trigeminal neuralgia,TN)是一种口面部神经病理性疼痛,被称为“天下第一痛”,特点是反复发作、骤发、骤停,呈电击样痛或刺痛。TN可由面部或口内的非伤害性刺激诱发,包括日常生活中的说话、洗脸、咀嚼、刷牙等动作,这严重降低了TN患者的生活质量。TN的发病机制尚未完全阐明,目前认为TN的发生与发展可能与三叉神经根进入区的微血管压迫有关。此外,周围神经的损伤也可能引起口面部三叉神经分布区域内的神经病理性疼痛。基于目前有关TN潜在病因的假说,已有多种模拟TN发病特点的动物模型,包括三叉神经根或三叉神经节慢性压迫模型、周围神经慢性损伤疼痛模型、外周炎性痛模型、中枢致痛模型等。然而,国内外尚未能建立一种公认的能完全模拟TN发病过程的动物模型。选择合适的动物模型对于TN的研究具有重要意义,因此有必要对TN动物模型在动物品系、材料与操作方法、效果观察等方面的特点进行探讨,以提供TN动物模型研究进展的相关信息。未来有待开发更符合人类TN特点的动物模型,以期助力TN的基础及转化医学研究。

模拟直升机低频振动致大鼠腰痛模型的建立与鉴定

目的通过模拟直升机低频振动建立急性腰痛(acute low back pain,ALBP)模型,探讨陆军飞行人员急性腰痛的成因,为其发生机制和防护提供可靠的动物模型与评估手段。方法选取48只8周龄雄性SD大鼠[体质量(200±20)g],采用随机数字表法分为造模A(振动1 h)、B(振动3 h)、C(振动6 h)组和D(空白对照)组,每组12只。连续5 d将大鼠分别暴露于10 Hz的六自由度振动台1、3和6 h。在造模前和造模后第1、4、7和14天行von Frey测试、旷场实验、转棒疲劳实验、步态分析、24 h摄食量等行为学检测;光学显微镜观察多裂肌组织学变化。结果行为学结果显示,持续性低频振动暴露大鼠缩足反射阈值降低(P<0.01)、24 h摄食量减少(P<0.01)、直立次数减少(P<0.05)、转棒跌落速度降低(P<0.05)、支撑时比较缩短(P<0.05)、足印面积减小(P<0.05)、步行速度降低(P<0.05)。多裂肌组织学显示细胞水肿,肌细胞形态紊乱且大小不一,排列不均,肌间隙细胞核增多,伴有大量炎性细胞浸润、聚集。结论持续低频振动环境暴露会导致大鼠腰痛相关行为学和腰部多裂肌组织学病变。

Chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological referrals.However,recommended treatments remain limited,yielding only limited therapeutic gains.Chitin-glucan(CG)is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety Authority.To provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS,we performed preclinical molecular,cellular,and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in IBS.AIM To evaluate the roles of CG in visceral analgesia,intestinal inflammation,barrier function,and to develop computational molecular models.METHODS Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension(CRD)in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS[15 milligrams(mg)/kilogram(kg)]in 33 Sprague-Dawley rats.Intracolonic pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment(weeks 0,3,5,and 7)in animals receiving CG(n=14)at a human equivalent dose(HED)of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control(tap water,n=11)and positive control(phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED,n=8)groups.The anti-inflammatory effect of CG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 C57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)administered in their drinking water during 14 d.HT-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with CG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia μ-opioid receptor(MOR),cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,inflammation[interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1b,and IL-8]and barrier function[mucin 2-5AC,claudin-2,zonula occludens(ZO)-1,ZO-2]using the real-time PCR method.Molecular modelling of CG,LPS,lipoteichoic acid(LTA),and phospholipomannan(PLM)was developed,and the ability of CG to chelate microbial pathogenic lipids was evaluated by docking and molecular dynamics simulations.Data were expressed as the mean±SEM.RESULTS Daily CG orally-administered to rats or mice was well tolerated without including diarrhea,visceral hypersensitivity,or inflammation,as evaluated at histological and molecular levels.In a model of CRD,CG at a dosage of 3 g/d HED significantly decreased visceral pain perception by 14%after 2 wk of administration(P<0.01)and reduced inflammation intensity by 50%,resulting in complete regeneration of the colonic mucosa in mice with DSS-induced colitis.To better reproduce the characteristics of visceral pain in patients with IBS,we then measured the therapeutic impact of CG in rats with TNBS-induced inflammation to long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity.CG at a dosage of 1.5 g/d HED decreased visceral pain perception by 20%five weeks after colitis induction(P<0.01).When the CG dosage was increased to 3.0 g/d HED,this analgesic effect surpassed that of the spasmolytic agent phloroglucinol,manifesting more rapidly within 3 wk and leading to a 50%inhibition of pain perception(P<0.0001).The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CG involved,at least in part,a significant induction of MOR,CB2 receptor,and IL-10,as well as a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-8.CG also significantly upregulated barrier-related genes including muc5AC,claudin-2,and ZO-2.Molecular modelling of CG revealed a new property of the molecule as a chelator of microbial pathogenic lipids,sequestering gram-negative LPS and gram-positive LTA bacterial toxins,as well as PLM in fungi at the lowesr energy conformations.CONCLUSION CG decreased visceral perception and intestinal inflammation through master gene regulation and direct binding of microbial products,suggesting that CG may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for patients with IBS or IBSlike symptoms.

构建显微精索手术治疗精索疼痛的术后疼痛缓解预测模型

目的:探讨影响显微精索手术疗效的相关因素,构建采用显微精索手术治疗精索疼痛的术后疼痛缓解预测模型。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2023年4月就诊于北京大学人民医院泌尿外科的324例精索疼痛患者的临床资料,患者均行显微精索手术。采用Lasso回归筛选临床预测变量,通过Logistic回归构建显微精索手术后精索神经痛有效缓解的临床预测模型并绘制列线图,采用Bootstrap法进行模型的内部验证,评估模型的预测能力和临床实用性。结果:采用Lasso回归和Logistic回归筛选出年龄(OR=1.081, 95%CI:1.033~1.137,P=0.001)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)评分(OR=0.906, 95%CI:0.768~1.048,P=0.04)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)评分(OR=0.759, 95%CI:0.627~0.900,P=0.003)、慢性疼痛时间(OR=1.070,95%CI:1.028~1.127,P=0.002)和曲张精索静脉内径(OR=0.150,95%CI:0.072~0.282,P<0.001)这5个临床指标是精索静脉曲张相关精索疼痛患者术后疗效的独立影响因素;年龄(OR=1.092, 95%CI:1.033~1.163,P=0.003)、PHQ-9(OR=0.837, 95%CI:0.717~0.959,P=0.016)、GAD-7(OR=0.785, 95%CI:0.648~0.922,P=0.007)和慢性疼痛时间(OR=0.925, 95%CI:0.876~0.971,P=0.002)是特发性精索疼痛患者术后疗效的独立影响因素。基于上述临床治疗构建模型并绘制列线图,受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.909(精索静脉曲张组)和0.913(特发性精索疼痛组),模型内部验证的一致性指数分别为0.93(精索静脉曲张组)和0.94(特发性精索疼痛组),说明该模型具有良好的预测能力。结论:基于年龄、疼痛病程时间、PHQ-9评分、GAD-7评分和曲张的精索静脉内径构建的术后疗效预测模型具备良好的预测能力和临床适用性,可用于临床实践。

髋或膝关节置换术后急性疼痛的影响因素和预测模型

目的探讨髋或膝关节置换术患者术后急性疼痛(APP)的影响因素,建立并验证预测模型。方法收集行髋或膝关节置换术患者316例的临床资料,男111例,女205例,年龄≥18岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。根据是否发生APP将患者分为两组:非APP组和APP组。将患者按7∶3的比例随机分成训练集和验证集。通过LASSO回归和多因素Logistic回归分析训练集,筛选危险因素并构建预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估模型的预测效率。在验证集中,采用Bootstrap方法进行内部验证,采用临床决策曲线分析(DCA)评价预测模型的临床价值。结果有137例(43.4%)患者发生APP。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高BMI、糖尿病史、手术时间延长、疼痛灾难化评分≥27分是髋或膝关节置换术患者发生APP的独立危险因素(P<0.05),放置引流管、术前药物预防性镇痛、术后使用镇痛泵、术后行神经阻滞镇痛是髋或膝关节置换术患者发生APP的保护因素(P<0.05)。纳入BMI、糖尿病史、放置引流管、手术时间、疼痛灾难化评分构建预测模型,训练集的AUC为0.879(95%CI 0.836~0.922),验证集的AUC为0.819(95%CI 0.730~0.907)。Bootstrap内部验证显示,校准曲线在预测值和实测值之间有很好的一致性;DCA曲线显示,该预测模型具有较高的临床应用价值。结论髋或膝关节置换术患者发生APP的危险因素为高BMI、糖尿病史、手术时间延长、疼痛灾难化评分≥27分,保护因素为放置引流管、术前药物预防性镇痛、术后使用镇痛泵、术后行神经阻滞。基于以上因素构建的预测模型具有良好的判别能力与临床应用性,可为预测髋或膝关节置换术患者APP提供参考。